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Management of locally advanced prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2009年第1期11卷 81-87页

作者： Heather payne Department of Oncology UCLH NHS Foundation Trust London NW1 2PG UK

The management of all stages of prostate cancer is an increasingly complex process and involves a variety of available treatments and many disciplines. Despite prostate-specific antigen （PSA） testing, the presentation of prostate cancer at a locally advanced stage is common in the UK, accounting for one-third of all new cases. There is no universally accepted definition of locally advanced prostate cancer; the term is loosely used to encompass a spectrum of disease profiles that show high-risk features. Men with high-risk prostate cancer generally have a significant risk of disease progression and cancer-related death if left untreated. High-risk patients, including those with locally advanced disease, present two specific challenges. There is a need for local control as well as a need to treat any microscopic metastases likely to be present but undetectable until disease progression. The optimal treatment approach will therefore often necessitate multiple modalities. The exact combinations, timing and intensity of treatment continue to be strongly debated. Management decisions should be made after all treatments have been discussed by a multidisciplinary team （including urologists, oncologists, radiologists, pathologists and nurse specialists） and after the balance of benefits and side effects of each therapy modality has been considered by the patient with regard to his own individual circumstances. This article reviews the current therapy options.

关键词： antiandrogens prostate cancer prostatectomy

Applied educational assessment / 2nd ed.

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Applied educational assessment /

New risk assessment methodology for coal mine excavated slopes

2003年

作者： payne David A.

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第4期28卷 581-590页

作者： Alison McQuillan Ismet Canbulat Dan payne Joung Oh School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering UNSW SydneySydney 2052Australia BHP Billiton Coal Level 11480 Queen StBrisbaneQueensland 4000Australia

This paper presents a new risk assessment methodology for coal mine excavated slopes. This new empirical-statistical *** assessment m. ethodology （SSAM! is intended for use by geotechnical engineers at both the design review and operational stages of a mine＇s life to categonse the risk of an excavated coal mine slope. A likelihood of failure is determined using a new slope stability classification system for excavated coal mine slopes developed using a database of 119 intact and failed case studies sourced from open cut coal mines in Australia. Consequence of failure is based on slope height and stand-off distance at the toe of the excavated slope. Results are presented in a new risk matrix, with slope risk being divided into low, medium and high categories. The SSAM is put forward as a new risk assess- ment methodology to assess the potential for, and consequence of, excavated coal mine slope failure. Unlike existing classification systems, assumptions about the likely failure mode or mechanism are not required. Instead, the SSAM applies an approach which compares the conditions present within the exca- vated slope face, with the known past performance of slopes with similar geotechnical and geometrical conditions, to estimate the slope＇s propensity for failure. The SSAM is novel in that it considers the depo- sitional history of strata in an excavated slope and how this sequence affects slope stability. It is further novel in that it does not require explicit measurements of intact rock, rock mass and/or defect strength to rapidly calculate a slope＇s likelihood of failure and overall risk. Ratings can be determined entirely from visual observations of the excavated slope face. The new SSAM is designed to be used in conjunction with existing slope stability assessment tools.

关键词： Risk assessment Slope stability Open cut coal mine Excavated slope Likelihood of failure

Understanding your health / 6th ed.

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TONAL HARMONY, WITH AN INTRODUCTION TO TWENTIETH-CENTURY MUSIC / 4th ed.

2000年

作者： Wayne A. payne Dale B. Hahn.

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Enhanced recovery programme in colorectal surgery:Does one size fit all?

2000年

作者： STEFAN KOSTKA DOROTHY payne.

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第40期18卷 5661-5663页

作者： Alison Lyon Christopher J payne Graham J MacKay Specialty Registrar in General Surgery West of Scotland RotationGlasgow G4 0SFUnited Kingdom Lister Department of Surgery Glasgow Royal InfirmaryGlasgow G4 0SFUnited Kingdom

Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS) employs a multimodal perioperative care pathway with the aim of attenuating the stress response to surgery and accelerating *** has been difficult to determine the relative importance of some of the individual components of these pathways such as epidural analgesia and laparoscopic colorectal *** argue that only a rigid adherence to the published ERAS protocol can achieve the proposed benefits of fast-track *** this article,we explore some of the areas where the evidence base may be changing and ask whether a more flexible and individualised approach should be considered.

关键词： Enhanced recovery Fast-track Laparoscopic Intravenous fluid Postoperative analgesia

Ecology of testate amoebae in Dajiuhu peatland of Shennongjia Mountains, China, in relation to hydrology

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2012年第1期6卷 57-65页

作者： Yangmin QIN Richard J payne YanshengGU Xianyu HUANG Hongmei WANG State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130012China School of Science and the Environment Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester MI 5GDUK State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resource China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

This study investigates the testate amoeba communities of a large peatland in Central China. The ecology and seasonal variability of testate amoeba communities were studied during 2009-2010. Investiga- tion of environmental controls using ordination showed that the relationship between testate amoeba communities and depth to water table （DWT） and pH are extremely weak. The small proportion of variance explained by water table depth here （only 1.9% in the full data） shows that the hydrological control is weaker than we expected in this peatland, and weaker than any study we are aware of using a similar methodology. Attempts to develop species- environment （transfer function） models or identify indi- cator species for future palaeoecological studies were unsuccessful. Previous large-scale studies of peatland testate amoeba ecology have been largely restricted to Europe and North America and results have been relatively consistent among studies. Our results contrast with this consensus and suggest that at least in minerotrophic peatlands in China testate amoeba communities may be primarily controlled by different environmental variables. In China, testate amoebae have been relatively little studied but may prove to be valuable for a variety of applications in palaeoecology and biomonitoring and much further work is required.

关键词： testate amoebae ecology minerotrophic,Dajiuhu peatland China

Emblematic forest dwellers reintroduced into cities： resource selection by translocated juvenile kaka

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Current Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 15-22页

作者： Mariano R. RECIO Keith payne Philip J. SEDDON School of Surveying University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin New Zealand Department of Zoology University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin New Zealand Department of Physics University of Otago PO Box 56Dunedin New Zealand

Urbanization and exotic species are major threats to the conservation of forest-dependent wildlife species. Some emblematic species, indicators of habitat quality for the conservation of other spe- cies, might successfully be reintroduced within cities when habitat restoration and pest manage- ment programs are combined. We studied the landscape resource selection of juvenile kaka Nestor meridionalis tracked with Global Positioning System （GPS） units and released into the predator- free reserve of Zealandia in Wellington city, New Zealand. Kaka moved beyond the predator exclu- sion fence into urban suburbs. The home range size and areas of high use estimated using local convex hull （a-LoCoH） ranged from 20 to 240 ha and 2 to 21 ha, respectively. Using resource selec- tion functions and model selection we found that native forest patches and urban areas close to the reserve were selected by kaka to establish their home ranges. At a lower scale of selection （i.e., se- lection of habitats within home ranges）, kaka selected the same habitat, but not necessarily those close to the reserve. Native forest patches throughout the city can facilitate the dispersal of individ- uals, while the reserve provides protection and opportunities for supplementary feeding. Urban areas might have been selected due to the placement of feeders in private backyards. Survival of forest-dwelling species in cities requires careful urban planning and management to provide the necessary habitat patches, refugia, and food sources.

关键词： forest-dwellers GPS kaka New Zealand reintroductions resource selection urbanization Wellington.

Bile acids as endogenous etiologic agents in gastrointestinal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第27期15卷 3329-3340页

作者： Harris Bernstein Carol Bernstein Claire M payne Katerina Dvorak Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy College of Medicine and Arizona Cancer Center University of ArizonaTucson Arizona 85724 United States Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy College of Medicine University of ArizonaTucson Arizona 85724 United States Hematology/Oncology Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Health Care System Tucson Arizona 85723 United States

Bile acids are implicated as etiologic agents in cancer of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including cancer of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, biliary tract, pancreas and colon/rectum. Deleterious effects of bile acid exposure, likely related to carcinogenesis, include: induction of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species; induction of DNA damage; stimulation of mutation; induction of apoptosis in the short term, and selection for apoptosis resistance in the long term. These deleterious effects have, so far, been reported most consistently in relation to esophageal and colorectal cancer, but also to some extent in relation to cancer of other organs. In addition, evidence is reviewed for an association of increased bile acid exposure with cancer risk in human populations, in specific human genetic conditions, and in animal experiments. A model for the role of bile acids in GI carcinogenesis is presented from a Darwinian perspective that offers an explanation for how the observed effects of bile acids on cells contribute to cancer development.

关键词： Bile acids Cancer Adenocarcinoma Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Pancreas Colon Apoptosis DNA damage