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Influence of environmental predispositions on temperate mountain forest damage at different spatial scales during alternating drought and flood periods:case study in Hruby Jeseník Mts.(Czech Republic)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第7期19卷 1931-1944页

作者： pavel SAMEC Romana KUDELKOVA Petr LUKES Ales KUCERA pavel cudlin Global Change Research Institute CAS Bělidla 986/4aBrnoCZ-60300Czech Republic Department of Geology and Soil Science Faculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoZemědělská3BRNOCZ-61300Czech Republic Department of Geoinformatics Faculty of SciencePalacky University Olomouc17.listopadu 50OlomoucCZ-77900Czech Republic

Mountain forests are more prone to environmental predispositions(EPs)than submountain *** remote sensing of mountain forests enables instantaneous damage mapping,the investigation of the causes requires field ***,a local field or regionally modeled environmental characteristics influence remote data evaluation *** study focused on the evaluation of EPs effects damaging mountain forests between various spatial resolutions during environmental *** evaluation was divided into managed and natural forests in the Hruby Jeseník Mts.(Czech Republic;240-1491 m a.s.l.;50.082°N,17.231°E).Damage was assessed through the discrimination analysis of the normalised difference vegetation index(NDVI)by MODIS VI during alternating drought and flood periods *** local environmental influence was assessed using the discrimination function(DF)separability of forest damage in the training *** regional influence was assessed through map algebra estimated via the DF and a forest decline spatial model based on EPs from differences between risk growth conditions and biomass fuzzy ***,EPs and soil influenced forest NDVI at different *** management afflicted the NDVI more than the *** EPs afflicted the NDVI more than the soil *** winters and droughts had a greater influence on the NDVI than the flood events,with the winter of 2005/2006 inverting the DF direction,and the 2003 drought increasing differences in managed forest biomass and decreasing differences in natural forest *** than 50% of declining managed forests in the training sets occurred on Leptosols,Podzols and *** a regional scale,the soil influence was eliminated by multiple *** EPs influenced 96% of natural forest and 65% of managed forest,though managed forest damage was more *** mountain forest NDVI decline was dependent on both management and risk predispositions.

关键词： Mountain environment Forest damage types Canopy density Soil group Norway spruce(Picea abies)

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Latest Achievements on Climate Change and Forest Interactions in a Polluted Environment

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Open Journal of Forestry 2014年第3期4卷 197-207页

作者： Giulia Carriero Juha-Pekka Tuovinen Nicholas Clarke Giorgio Matteucci Rainer Matyssek Gerhard Wieser Teis Norgaard Mikkelsen Richard Fischer pavel cudlin Yusuf Serengil Fabio Boscaleri Carlo Calfapietra Zhaozhong Feng Elena Paoletti IPP-CNR Institute for Plant Protection-National Research CouncilFlorenceItaly Finnish Meteorological Institute HelsinkiFinland Norwegian Forest and Landscape Inst. AsNorway ISAFOM-CNR Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean RendeItaly Ecophysiology of Plants Technische Universitat MünchenFreisingGermany Federal Office and Research Centre for Forests InnsbruckAustria Technical University of Denmark Department of Chemistry&Biochemistry EngineeringLyngbyDenmark Johann Heinrich von Thunen-Institute For World ForestryHamburgGermany Global Change Research Centre Academy of Science of the Czech RepublicCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic Istanbul University Orman FakultesiIstanbulTurkey Regione Toscana via di Novoli FlorenceItaly IBAF-CNR Institute of Biology and Agro-ForestryPoranoItaly State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

The COST Action FP0903 “Climate Change and Forest Mitigation and Adaptation in a Polluted Environment (MAFor)” involved 29 countries and created a platform for information exchange with experts from different fields, with the following main objectives: 1) to increase understanding of the state and potential of forest mitigation and adaptation to climate change in a polluted environment and 2) to reconcile process-oriented research, long-term monitoring and applied modelling at comprehensive forest research sites. In particular, MAFor translated the existing European knowledge on climate and air pollution dynamics into prospects for forest research and monitoring, with focus on the carbon, ozone, nitrogen and water budgets. The aim of this paper is to summarize scientific activities and achievements of MAFor: the creation of a meta-database for highlighting the available data and integrating the information from European forest research/monitoring networks;the development of a new concept of forest sites for research and monitoring (Supersites);the identification of the main knowledge gaps;and the definition of priorities for forest adaptation to climate change in a polluted environment. The action also increased European capacity building in this sector by organizing five conferences, granting 64 short-term scientific missions, organizing four training schools and publishing more than 100 papers.

关键词： Air Pollution Climate Change Forests Supersites COST FP0903 Action

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Interaction of water droplets with pyrolyzing coal particles and tablets

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第12期30卷 1-12页

作者： Anastasia Islamova pavel Tkachenko pavel Strizhak National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University Heat and Mass Transfer Laboratory30 Lenin AvenueTomsk634050Russia

The paper presents the experimental research findings for the patterns of collisions of water droplets with pressed tableted samples used as substrates and with small particles of a pyrolyzing solid *** coal samples were ***-substrate interactions were studied when varying the droplet diameter in the range from 1 to 4 mm and velocity from 0.5 to 4 m/*** corresponded to the Weber number range of *** coal tablet surface temperature was varied from 20 to 700℃.In the interactions of water droplets(0.7-1.5 mm in diameter,pre-collision velocity from 1 to 3 m/s)with coal particles(with a size of 0.2-1 mm,pre-collision velocity 0.7-2 m/s),the temperature of the latter was varied in the range of 330-480℃.The following regimes of the interaction of droplets with solid particles during chemical reactions and phase transformations were distinguished:spreading/agglomeration and break-up/*** in the characteristics of the interaction of water droplets with coal particles at varying temperatures were ***-particle interaction regime maps for B(We),We(Oh)and We(Ca)were *** collision regime boundaries were described using fitted curves that can be utilized to develop the existing mathematical models of droplet-particle collisions in *** was established that the gaseous volatile production in coal pyrolysis has a modest effect on the regimes and characteristics of the droplet destruction in the temperature range under consideration(20-700℃).

关键词： Droplet Particle Solid substrate Collision Agglomeration Separation

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Influence of stress path change on the resistance to plastic deformation of cold rolled sheets

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Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2005年第6期12卷 521-526页

作者： pavel Huml Metal Forming Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Royal Institute of Technology 10044 Stockholm Sweden

Flat workpieces have been tested in order to investigate the influence of stress path change （loading mode） while keeping strain path unchanged. These investigations are pertinent to the testing of cold rolled strips and to subsequent forming. The workpieces which first compressed by plane strain compression in thickness direction were then tested in perpendicular direction in order to measure the influence of strain and stress path. The tension workpieces came from flat die compression test at different deformation histories. Two different materials were investigated： 18/8 Ti stainless steel and AW-1050 aluminium. The results show that the plastic flow by tension in lengthwise direction after pre-strain by compression in thickness direction will begin at an appreciably lower stress than that of the workpieces unloaded after pre-compression. Comparing with two materials, it can be seen that both 18/8 Ti stainless steel and AW-1050 aluminium behave similarly. The drop in yield stress is lower for AW-1050 aluminium than that for 18/8 Ti stainless steel. However, reloading in different directions than in the precious step results in significantly higher strain hardening.

关键词： cold working plastic deformation strain path stress path loading mode flow stress yield stress strain hardening

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Evaluation of the seismic hazard for 20 cities in Romania using Monte Carlo based simulations

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2017年第3期16卷 513-523页

作者： Florin pavel Radu Vacareanu Seismic Risk Assessment Research Center Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest Romania

This work focuses on the evaluation of the seismic hazard for Romania using earthquake catalogues generated by a Monte Carlo approach. The seismicity of Romania can be attributed to the Vrancea intermediate-depth seismic source and to 13 other crustal seismic sources. The recurrence times of large magnitude seismic events（both crustal and subcrustal）, as well as the moment release rates are computed using simulated earthquake catalogues. The results show that the largest contribution to the overall moment release for the crustal seismic sources is from the seismic regions in Bulgaria, while the seismic regions in Romania contribute less than 5% of the overall moment release. In addition, the computations show that the moment release rate for the Vrancea subcrustal seismic source is about ten times larger than that of all the crustal seismic sources. Finally, the Monte Carlo approach is used to evaluate the seismic hazard for 20 cities in Romania with populations larger than 100,000 inhabitants. The results show some differences between the seismic hazard values obtained through Monte-Carlo simulation and those in the Romanian seismic design code P100-1/2013, notably for cities situated in the western part of Romania that are influenced by local crustal seismic sources.

关键词： seismic sources uncertainty seismic moment GMPE percentile

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Prognosis of residual coal gas capacity made by the ‘Express' method

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2011年第2期18卷 127-131页

作者： pavel Prokop pavel Zapletal Ivo Pěgímek Technical University of Ostrava

An easy, reliable, and inexpensive method, called ＇Express＇ method, was described to determine the residual gas capacity of deep mines using results from an air and gas balance. Air and gas balances are common elements of mine management and must be performed periodically. Using the process described here to obtain balance results, it is straightforward to obtain the residual gas capacity, which is an important parameter for decision-making in current mine operations. After a mine is closed, the residual gas capacity becomes a dominant factor used to select methods to protect against gas emissions from the closed underground area or perhaps to provide information for the use of gas reserves. The proposed ＇Express＇ method is a much simpler method to obtain the residual gas capacity than other procedures used for this purpose to date.

关键词： coal mines gas storage methane ventilation degassing

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Time-headway distribution for random-sequential-update TASEP with periodic and open boundaries

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第1期7卷 30-41页

作者： pavel Hrabák Faculty of Information Technology Czech Technical University in PraguePrague 16000Czechia

The temporal-headway distribution for Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process(TASEP) with random-sequential update is *** the stationary/steady state of the process,exact formula for the step-headway distribution is derived for conditions when the stationary measure is Bernoulli,Le.,for periodic boundaries and for open boundaries with entering boundary rate α and leaving boundary rate 0 satisfying α+β=*** step-headway formula for general values of boundary rates is calculated numerically by means of the matrix product *** formula is applicable mainly for the model defined on finite small lattice representing short segment of complex *** this case the dependency of the motion of individual particles is noticeable and cannot be *** finite lattice results are compared to continuous time distribution obtained by mans of the large L limit It can be observed that the scaled distribution converges quite fast to continuous time ***,in the case of rather small lattice the distribution significantly differs from the limiting ***,in the case of Bernoulli stationary measure,the distribution is not dependent on the position of the reference site on the *** general values of boundary parameters,the shape of the distribution is influenced by the density profile of the process near *** influence vanishes with increasing lattice size.

关键词： Transportation TASEP Time-headway distribution Random-sequential update Periodic and open boundaries

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Transonic Instability in Entrance Part of Mixing Chamber of High-Speed Ejector

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Journal of Thermal Science 2005年第3期14卷 258-263,271页

作者： Vaclav Dvorak pavel Safarik Technical University of Liberec Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Division of Power Engineering Halkova 6 461 17 Liberec Czech Republic Ph.DCzech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 207- Institute of Fluid Dynamics and Power Engineering Division of Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics. Technicka 4 166 07 Praha 6 Czech Republic

The paper deals with experimental and numerical study of flow structure in two-dimensional model of supersonic ejector. Schlieren pictures of flow structure were taken, static pressure distributions on side wall were measured and Fluent software to calculate the flow structure in supersonic ejector was used. For certain region of back pressure ratio pb/p02 and stagnation pressure ratio of both streams p01/p02 the terminal shock wave is close to the trailing edge of the primary flow nozzle and a transonic instability occurs. The instability causes the movement of position of boundary layer separation, the structure of shock waves changes and all flow structure oscillates. The movie of these regimes during schlieren experiments was taken and relevant numerical modelling was performed.

关键词： transonic instability ejector shock waves

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Comparison of three methods for natural gas dehydration

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2011年第5期20卷 471-476页

作者： Michal Netusil pavel Ditl Department of Process Engineering Czech Technical University

This paper compares three methods for natural gas dehydration that are widely applied in industry：（1） absorption by triethylene glycol, （2） adsorption on solid desiccants and （3） condensation. A comparison is made according to their energy demand and suitability for use. The energy calculations are performed on a model where 105 Nm3/h water saturated natural gas is processed at 30 °C. The pressure of the gas varies from 7 to 20 MPa. The required outlet concentration of water in natural gas is equivalent to the dew point temperature of -10 °C at gas pressure of 4 MPa.

关键词： gas reservoir underground gas storage natural gas gas dehydration

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Investigation on regional attenuation of Vrancea (Romania) intermediate-depth earthquakes

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2018年第3期17卷 501-509页

作者： Florin pavel Radu Vacareanu Seismic Risk Assessment Research Center Technical University of Civil Engineering

This paper aims at investigating possible regional attenuation patterns in the case of Vrancea（Romania） intermediate-depth *** 500 pairs of horizontal components recorded during 13 intermediate-depth Vrancea earthquakes are employed in order to evaluate the regional attenuation *** recordings are grouped according to the azimuth with regard to the Vrancea seismic source and subsequently,Q models are computed for each azimuthal zone assuming similar geometrical ***,the local soil amplification which was disregarded in a previous analysis performed for Vrancea intermediate-depth earthquakes is now clearly *** results show minor differences between the four regions situated in front of the Carpathian Mountains and considerable differences in attenuation of seismic waves between the forearc and backarc regions（with regard to the Carpathian Mountains）.Consequently,an average Q model of the type Q（f） = 115×f^1.25 is obtained for the four forearc regions,while a separate Q model of the type Q（f） = 70×f^0.90 is computed for the backarc *** results highlight the need to evaluate the seismic hazard of Romania by using ground motion models which take into account the different attenuation between the forearc/backarc regions.

关键词： Fourier amplitude spectrum azimuth dependency source-to-site distance Q model local soil conditions

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