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The role of gut microbiota(commensal bacteria)and the mucosal barrier in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer:contribution of germ-free and gnotobiotic animal models of human diseases

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第2期8卷 110-120页

作者： Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova Renata Stepankova Hana Kozakova Tomas Hudcovic Luca Vannucci Ludmila Tuckova pavel Rossmann TomasHrncır Miloslav Kverka Zuzana Zakostelska Klara Klimesova Jaroslava Pribylova Jirina bartova Daniel Sanchez Petra Fundova Dana borovska Dagmar Sru˚tkova Zdenek Zıdek Martin Schwarzer pavel Drastich David P Funda Institute of Microbiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republicv.v.i.PragueCzech Republic Institute of Dental Research General Faculty Hospital and 1st Faculty of MedicineCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic Ear Nose and Throat DepartmentCentral Military HospitalPragueCzech Republic Institute of Experimental Medicine Academy of Science of the Czech RepublicPragueCzech Republic Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine PragueCzech Republic

Metagenomic approaches are currently being used to decipher the genome of the microbiota(microbiome),and,in parallel,functional studies are being performed to analyze the effects of the microbiota on the *** methods are an indispensable tool for studying the consequences of bacterial *** used as models of human diseases can be maintained in sterile conditions(isolators used for germ-free rearing)and specifically colonized with defined microbes(including non-cultivable commensal bacteria).The effects of the germ-free state or the effects of colonization on disease initiation and maintenance can be observed in these *** this approach we demonstrated direct involvement of components of the microbiota in chronic intestinal inflammation and development of colonic neoplasia(i.e.,using models of human inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal carcinoma).In contrast,a protective effect of microbiota colonization was demonstrated for the development of autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic(NOD)***,the development of atherosclerosis in germ-free apolipoprotein E(ApoE)-deficient mice fed by a standard low-cholesterol diet is accelerated compared with conventionally reared *** induction of tolerance to allergen bet v1 was not influenced by the presence or absence of *** of components of the microbiota and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of their action in inducing pathological changes or exerting beneficial,disease-protective activities could aid in our ability to influence the composition of the microbiota and to find bacterial strains and components(e.g.,probiotics and prebiotics)whose administration may aid in disease prevention and treatment.

关键词： allergy hygiene hypothesis intestinal permeability leaky gut probiotics

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Direct patterning of reduced graphene oxide/graphene oxide memristive heterostructures by electron-beam irradiation

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第3期38卷 237-243页

作者： Olesya O.Kapitanova Evgeny V.Emelin Sergey G.Dorofeev pavel V.Evdokimov Gennady N.Panin Youngmin Lee Sejoon Lee Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie gory119991 MoscowRussia Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology 9 Institutskiy per.DolgoprudnyMoscow Region141701Russia Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High-Purity Materials Russian Academy of SciencesChernogolovkaMoscow district142432Russia Nano Information Technology Academy Dongguk University-SeoulSeoul 04620Korea Quantum-Functional Semiconductor Research Center Dongguk University-SeoulSeoul 04620Korea Department of Semiconductor Science Dongguk University-SeoulSeoul 04620Korea

Memristive heterostructures,composed of reduced graphene oxide with different degree of reduction,were demonstrated through a simple method of‘direct electron-beam writing’on graphene *** with an electron beam at various doses and accelerating voltages made it possible to define highand low-conductivity graphene-oxide *** electron beam-reduced graphene oxide/graphene oxide heterostructure clearly exhibited a nonlinear behavior and a well-controlled resistive switching characteristic at a low operating-voltage range(<1 V).The proposed memristive heterostructures are promising for highly-efficient digital storage and information process as well as for analogous neuromorphic computations.

关键词： Electron beam irradiation Reduced graphene oxide Graphene oxide Memristive heterostructure

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Crystal structure prediction at finite temperatures

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 306-313页

作者： Ivan A.Kruglov Alexey V.Yanilkin Yana Propad Arslan b.Mazitov pavel Rachitskii Artem R.Oganov Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology 9 Institutsky laneDolgoprudny 141700Russia Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics(VNIIA) Moscow 127055Russia Emerging Technologies Research Center XPANCEODubai Investment Park FirstDubaiUnited Arab Emirates Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo Innovation Center30-1 Bolshoy blvdMoscow 121205Russia.

Crystal structure prediction is a central problem of crystallography and materials science, which until mid-2000s was consideredintractable. Several methods, based on either energy landscape exploration or, more commonly, global optimization, largely solvedthis problem and enabled fully non-empirical computational materials discovery. A major shortcoming is that, to avoid expensivecalculations of the entropy, crystal structure prediction was done at zero Kelvin, reducing to the search for the global minimum ofthe enthalpy rather than the free energy. As a consequence, high-temperature phases (especially those which are not quenchableto zero temperature) could be missed. Here we develop an accurate and affordable solution, enabling crystal structure prediction atfinite temperatures. Structure relaxation and fully anharmonic free energy calculations are done by molecular dynamics with aforcefield (which can be anything from a parametric forcefield for simpler cases to a trained on-the-fly machine learning interatomicpotential), the errors of which are corrected using thermodynamic perturbation theory to yield accurate results with full ab initioaccuracy. We illustrate this method by applications to metals (probing the P–T phase diagram of Al and Fe), a refractory covalentsolid (Wb), an Earth-forming silicate MgSiO_(3) (at pressures and temperatures of the Earth’s lower mantle), and ceramic oxide HfO_(2).

关键词： prediction structure Crystal

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Hepatoprotective and proapoptotic effect of Ecballium elaterium on CCl_4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第7期8卷 524-529页

作者： El Moataz bellah El Naggar Marta Chalupova Gabriela Pra anov a Tom a Par ak Emil vajdlenka Milan emlika pavel Such Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Damanhur UniversityEgypt Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical SciencesBrnoCzech Republic Department of Natural Drugs Faculty of Pharmacy University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical SciencesBrnomCzech Republic

Objective: To investigate the effects of perorally administered juice on tetrachloromethane(CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity model in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were tubeadministrated silymarin, Ecballium juice at 0.2 mL/kg and 0.7 mL/kg daily for 3 consequent days, ie. 3.28 μg and 11.48 μg of cucurbitacin b per kg of body weight respectively. On the third day, liver damage was induced by intraperitoneal application of CCl4. On the fourth day, abdominal cavity was macroscopically examined and liver samples were taken for histopathological and immunochemical evaluation. HPLC was used to determine the content of the active substance cucurbitacin b. Results: The experiment revealed that 0.7 ml/kg juice concentration expressed the highest pro-apoptotic activity, but with prevailing negative effects. Compared with the lower concentration, there was an observable vasodilatation with consequent interstitial hemorrhages and a larger scope of inflammatory damage, which suppressed the hepatoprotective effect. In the 0.2 mL/kg concentration, there was a smaller pro-apoptotic activity but other parameters had better results, and the liver parenchyma damage was reversible. Conclusions: No reactions confirming the potentially allergic effect on laboratory rats were observed; its hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effect was confirmed on a model of acute liver damage.

关键词： Ecballium elaterium Rats Tetrachloromethane Hepatotoxicity Apoptosis

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New Plant Growth Regulators for Fibre Flax

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2014年第3期2卷 194-200页

作者： Elena J. bakhtenko Yury A. Suslov Tatyana V. Hurshkajnen pavel b. Kurapov Department of botany Vologda State Pedagogical University Vologda 160600 Russia Department of Organic Synthesis and Chemistry of Natural Compounds Institute of Chemistry Komi Centre of Science UralBranch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Syktyvkar Komi 167982 Russia Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies Pirogov Russian State Medical University Moscow 11799 7 Russia

Tests of new natural non-polluting regulators of growth Verva （vegetative terpenoids from Abies sibirica） and Larixin （vegetative flavonoids from Larix） on growth, development and productivity of fibre flax are conducted. The level of phytohormones in vegetating plants （IAA, AbA, zeatine and zeatinriboside） is studied. Preparations stimulate germination of seeds and growth of plants. Field experiment fixed yield increase of flax straw and the seeds of flax-fibre with the use of growth regulators. Industrial experiment represents VERVA product effectiveness on yields increase of flax straw, seeds and flax fiber output.

关键词： Plant growth regulator terpenoids fibre flax phytohormones zeatine zeatinriboside abscisic acid 3-indolylacetic acid.

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On the Axisymmetric Steady Incompressible beltrami Flows

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2020年第3期10卷 208-238页

作者： pavel bělík Xueqing Su Douglas P. Dokken Kurt Scholz Mikhail M. Shvartsman Department of Mathematics Statistics and Computer Science Augsburg University Minneapolis MN USA Department of Statistics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Department of Mathematics University of St. Thomas Saint Paul MN USA

In this paper, beltrami vector fields in several orthogonal coordinate systems are obtained analytically and numerically. Specifically, axisymmetric incompressible inviscid steady state beltrami (Trkalian) fluid flows are obtained with the motivation to model flows that have been hypothesized to occur in tornadic flows. The studied coordinate systems include those that appear amenable to modeling such flows: the cylindrical, spherical, paraboloidal, and prolate and oblate spheroidal systems. The usual Euler equations are reformulated using the bragg-Hawthorne equation for the stream function of the flow, which is solved analytically or numerically in each coordinate system under the assumption of separability of variables. Many of the obtained flows are visualized via contour plots of their stream functions in the rz-plane. Finally, the results are combined to provide a qualitative quasi-static model for a progression of tornado-like flows that develop as swirl increases. The results in this paper are equally applicable in electromagnetics, where the equivalent concept is that of a force-free magnetic field.

关键词： Axisymmetric beltrami Flow Trkalian Flow bragg-Hawthorne Equation Cylindrical Coordinates Spherical Coordinates Paraboloidal Coordinates Prolate Spheroidal Coordinates Oblate Spheroidal Coordinates Vorticity

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Intervertebral disc degeneration is rescued by TGFβ/bMP signaling modulation in an ex vivo flamin b mouse model

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bone Research 2022年第3期10卷 524-535页

作者： Jennifer Zieba Kimberly N.Forlenza Kelly Heard Jorge H.Martin Michaela bosakova Daniel H.Cohn Stephen P.Robertson pavel Krejci Deborah Krakow Department of Orthopedic Surgery Los AngelesCA 90095USA Department of biology Faculty of MedicineMasaryk University62500 BrnoCzech Republic International Clinical Research Center St.Anne’s University Hospital65691 BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Czech Academy of Sciences60200 BrnoCzech Republic Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Women’s and Children’s Health Dunedin School of MedicineUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand Department of Human Genetics Los AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Los AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Spondylocarpotarsal syndrome(SCT) is a rare musculoskeletal disorder characterized by short stature and vertebral, carpal, and tarsal fusions resulting from biallelic nonsense mutations in the gene encoding filamin b(FLNb). Utilizing a FLNb knockout mouse,we showed that the vertebral fusions in SCT evolved from intervertebral disc(IVD) degeneration and ossification of the annulus fibrosus(AF), eventually leading to full trabecular bone formation. This resulted from alterations in the TGFβ/bMP signaling pathway that included increased canonical TGFβ and noncanonical bMP signaling. In this study, the role of FLNb in the TGFβ/bMP pathway was elucidated using in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo treatment methodologies. The data demonstrated that FLNb interacts with inhibitory Smads 6 and 7(i-Smads) to regulate TGFβ/bMP signaling and that loss of FLNb produces increased TGFβ receptor activity and decreased Smad 1 ubiquitination. Through the use of small molecule inhibitors in an ex vivo spine model, TGFβ/bMP signaling was modulated to design a targeted treatment for SCT and disc degeneration. Inhibition of canonical and noncanonical TGFβ/bMP pathway activity restored Flnb-/-IVD morphology. These most effective improvements resulted from specific inhibition of TGFβand p38 signaling activation. FLNb acts as a bridge for TGFβ/bMP signaling crosstalk through i-Smads and is key for the critical balance in TGFβ/bMP signaling that maintains the IVD. These findings further our understanding of IVD biology and reveal new molecular targets for disc degeneration as well as congenital vertebral fusion disorders.

关键词： TGFβ vivo bMP treatment

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Electrospinning as a route to advanced carbon fibre materials for selected low-temperature electrochemical devices:A review

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第8期30卷 492-529,I0011页

作者： Yue Wen Matt D.R.Kok Jorge pavel Victoria Tafoya Ana bJorge Sobrido Ellsworth bell Jeff T.Gostick Servann Herou Philipp Schlee Maria-Magdalena Titirici Dan J.L.brett Paul R.Shearing Rhodri Jervis The Electrochemical Innovation Lab Dept.of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonTorrington PlaceWC1E 7JE LondonUK Queen Mary University of London School of Engineering and Materials ScienceMile End RoadE14NS LondonUK Department of Chemical Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooCanada Department of Chemical Engineering Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusSW72AZ LondonUK

Electrospinning has been proven as a highly versatile fabrication method for producing nano-structured fibres with controllable morphology,of both the fibres themselves and the void structure of the ***,it is possible to use heteroatom doped polymers or to include catalytic precursors in the electrospinning solution to control the surface properties of the *** factors make it an ideal method for the production of electrodes and flow media for a variety of electrochemical devices,enabling reduction in mass transport and activation overpotentials and therefore increasing ***,the use of biomass as a polymer source has recently gained attention for the ability to embed sustainable principles in the materials of electrochemical devices,complementing their ability to allow an increase in the use of renewable electricity via their *** this review,the historical and recent developments of electrospun materials for application in redox flow batteries,fuel cells,metal air batteries and supercapacitors are thoroughly reviewed,including an overview of the electrospinning process and a guide to best ***,we provide an outlook for the emerging use of this process in the field of electrochemical energy devices with the hope that the combination of tailored microstructure,surface functionality and computer modelling will herald a new era of bespoke functional materials that can significantly improve the performance of the devices in which they are used.

关键词： Electrospinning Redox flow batteries Fuel cells Metal-air batteries Supercapacitors

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Equilibrium Energy and Entropy of Vortex Filaments in the Context of Tornadogenesis and Tornadic Flows

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2023年第3期13卷 144-176页

作者： pavel bělík Douglas P. Dokken Mikhail M. Shvartsman Eric bibelnieks Robert Laskowski Alek Lukanen Department of Mathematics Statistics and Computer Science Augsburg University Minneapolis USA Department of Mathematics University of St. Thomas St. Paul USA

In this work, we study approximations of supercritical or suction vortices in tornadic flows and their contribution to tornadogenesis and tornado maintenance using self-avoiding walks on a cubic lattice. We extend the previous work on turbulence by A. Chorin and collaborators to approximate the statistical equilibrium quantities of vortex filaments on a cubic lattice when both an energy and a statistical temperature are involved. Our results confirm that supercritical (smooth, “straight”) vortices have the highest average energy and correspond to negative temperatures in this model. The lowest-energy configurations are folded up and “balled up” to a great extent. The results support A. Chorin’s findings that, in the context of supercritical vortices in a tornadic flow, when such high-energy vortices stretch, they need to fold and transfer energy to the surrounding flow, contributing to tornado maintenance or leading to its genesis. The computations are performed using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach with a simple sampling algorithm using local transformations that allow the results to be reliable over a wide range of statistical temperatures, unlike the originally used pivot algorithm that only performs well near infinite temperatures. Efficient ways to compute entropy are discussed and show that a system with supercritical vortices will increase entropy by having these vortices fold and transfer their energy to the surrounding flow.

关键词： Tornadogenesis Supercritical Vortices Vortex Filaments Negative Temperature Kinetic Energy Entropy Statistical Mechanics Equilibrium Statistics Self-Avoiding Walks Cubic Lattice Monte-Carlo Techniques Pivot Algorithm

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Applications of Vortex Gas Models to Tornadogenesis and Maintenance

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2017年第4期7卷 596-622页

作者： pavel bělík Douglas P. Dokken Corey K. Potvin Kurt Scholz Mikhail M. Shvartsman Department of Mathematics Statistics and Computer Science Augsburg University Minneapolis MN USA Department of Mathematics University of St. Thomas St. Paul MN USA Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies School of Meteorology University of Oklahoma NOAA/OAR/National Severe Storms Laboratory Norman OK USA

Processes related to the production of vorticity in the forward and rear flank downdrafts and their interaction with the boundary layer are thought to play a role in tornadogenesis. We argue that an inverse energy cascade is a plausible mechanism for tornadogenesis and tornado maintenance and provides supporting evidence which is both numerical and observational. We apply a three-dimensional vortex gas model to supercritical vortices produced at the surface boundary layer possibly due to interactions of vortices brought to the surface by the rear flank downdraft and also to those related to the forward flank downdraft. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional vortex gas models are discussed, and the three-dimensional vortex gas model of Chorin, developed further by Flandoli and Gubinelli, is proposed as a model for intense small-scale subvortices found in tornadoes and in recent numerical studies by Orf et al. In this paper, the smaller scales are represented by intense, supercritical vortices, which transfer energy to the larger-scale tornadic flows (inverse energy cascade). We address the formation of these vortices as a result of the interaction of the flow with the surface and a boundary layer.

关键词： Vortex Gas Negative Temperature Supercritical Vortices Inverse Energy Cascade Tornadogenesis Tornado Maintenance

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