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Plant-available w.ter capacity of soils at a regional scale:Analysis of fixed and dynamic field capacities

Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 590-605页

作者： Vinod PHOGAT paul RPETRIE Casandra COLLINS Marcos BONADA South Australian Research and Development Institute GPO Box 397Adelaide SA 5001(Australia) School of Agriculture Food and WineWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusPMB1Glen Osmond SA 5064(Australia) College of Science and Engineering Flinders UniversityBedford Park SA 5042(Australia) The University of New.South w.les Sydney NSW 2052(Australia) ARC Training Centre for Innovative w.ne Production University of AdelaidePMB1Glen Osmond SA 5064(Australia)

Estimation of the plant-available w.ter capacity(PAw.)of soils at a regional scale helps in adopting better land use planning,developing suitable irrigation schedules for crops,and optimizing the use of scarce w.ter *** the current study,72 soil profiles w.re sampled from the Barossa region of South Australia to estimate pedo-transfer functions deduced from easily estimated soil *** functions w.re then used to estimate the fixed(10 and 33 kPa)and dynamic pressure head(h_(fc))w.ter contents at field capacity(FC)for minimum drainage flux(0.01 and 0.001 cm d^(-1)),w.ich serves as the upper boundary for plant-available w.ter in *** estimated residual w.ter content w.s corrected for subsoil constraints,especially the exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP).The results show.d that the mean values of h_(fc)in sand-dominated light and medium textured soils(i.e.,sand,loamy sand,sandy loam,and loam)varied in a narrow.range(15.8-18.2 kPa),w.ereas those in the clay-dominated heavy textured soils(i.e.,clay loam)show.d a w.de range(11.3-49.3 kPa).There w.re large differences in PAw. for dynamic FC(PAw._(fc))and fixed FC at 10 kPa(PAw.10),33 kPa(PAw.33),and a mix of 10and 33 kPa(PAw._(10,33))pressure heads depending on soil ***,the difference betw.en PAw. at 10 kPa and h_(fc)(ΔPAw._(10))w.s positive,w.ereas that betw.en 33 kPa and h_(fc)(ΔPAw._(33))w.s negative across all ***,the estimation of PAw. assuming a fixed FC at 10 and 33 kPa pressures(i.e.,PAw._(10,33))for sandy,clay,and silty soils reduced the difference betw.en fixed and dynamic pressure PAw.s tow. w.s improved by incorporating the impact of subsoil constraints,such as high ESP,w.ich w.s more pronounced for clay and silty *** findings demonstrate the inherent inconsistencies betw.en static pressure and flux-based dynamic FC estimations in *** heterogeneity,intra-texture variability,subsoil constraints,and sw.ll

关键词： crop low.r limit drained upper limit pedo-transfer function soil hydraulic parameter soil texture

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Combining neural progenitor cell transplant and rehabilitation for enhanced recovery after cervical spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1433-1434页

作者： Camila M.Freria paul Lu Department of Neurosciences University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System San DiegoCAUSA

Efforts to promote recovery of function after human spinal cord injury(SCI) w.ll likely require interventions to rgeting the corticospinal tract(CST) motor system:the most important pathw.y for voluntary motor control in *** system has historically been the most refractory to regenerative efforts after *** "nonregeneration" of the CST changed w.en robust regeneration of the CST into spared tissue w.s demonstrated by the inactivation of phosphatase and tensin homolog and delivery of inosine.

关键词： cervical progenitor injury

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Exploring innovative synthetic solutions for advanced polymer-based electrochromic energy storage devices:Phenoxazine as a promising chromophore

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 433-452页

作者： Catalin-paul Constantin Mihaela Balan-Porcarasu Gabriela Lisa “Petru Poni”Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Electroactive Polymers&Plasmochemistry Laboratory41A Grigore Ghica Voda AlleyIasi 700487Romania “Gh.Asachi”Technical University Iasi Faculty of Chemical EngineeringBd.Mangeron 71Iasi 700050Romania

The current investigation offers an innovative synthetic solution regarding electrochromic(EC)and energy storage applications by exploring phenoxazine(POZ)***,three POZ-based polymers(polyimide,polyazomethine,and polyamide)w.re synthesized to ascertain the superior *** polyamide exhibited remarkable attributes,including high redox stability during 500 repetitive CVs,optical contrast of 61.98%,rapid response times of 1.02 and 1.38 s for coloring and bleaching,EC efficiency of 280 cm^(2)C^(-1).and decays of the optical density and EC efficiency of only 12.18%and 6.23%after 1000 ***,the energy storage performance of polyamide PA w.s tested,for w.ich the follow.ng parameters w.re obtained:74.7 F g^(-1)(CV,scan rate of 10 mV s^(-1))and 118 F g^(-1)(GCD,charging current of 0.1 A g^(-1)).Then,the polyamide w.s tested in EES devices,w.ich yielded the follow.ng EC parameters:an optical contrast of 62.15%,response times of 9.24 and 5.01 s for coloring and bleaching,EC efficiency of 178 cm^(2)C^(-1),and moderate decays of 20.25%and 23.24%for the optical density and EC efficiency after 500 *** energy storage performance included a capacitance of 106 F g^(-1)(CV,scan rate of 0.1 mV s^(-1))and 9.23 F g^(-1)(GCD,charging current of 0.1 A g^(-1)),capacitance decay of 11.9%after500 cycles,and 1.7 V retention after 2 ***,tw. EES devices connected in series pow.red a 3 V LED for almost 30 s.

关键词： Polymers Phenoxazine Electrochromic Energy storage Electrochromi cenergy storage devices

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The penetration depth of atomic radicals in tubes w.th catalytic surface properties

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第7期26卷 157-164页

作者： Domen paul Miran MOZETIC Rok ZAPLOTNIK Alenka VESEL Gregor PRIMC Denis DONLAGIC Jozef Stefan Institute Jamova Cesta 39Ljubljana 1000Slovenia Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School Jamova Cesta 39Ljubljana 1000Slovenia Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of MariborKoroska Cesta 46Maribor 2000Slovenia

Catalysis of molecular radicals is often performed in interesting experimental *** possible configuration is tubular *** radicals are introduced into the tubes on one side,and stable molecules are exhausted on the other *** penetration depth of radicals depends on numerous parameters,so it is not alw.ys feasible to calculate *** article presents systematic measurements of the penetration depth of oxygen atoms along tubes made from nickel,cobalt,and *** source of O atoms w.s a surfatron-type microw.ve *** initial density of O atoms depended on the gas flow.and w.s 0.7×10^(21)m^(-3),2.4×10^(21)m^(-3),and 4.2×10^(21)m^(-3)at the flow.rates of 50,300,and 600 sccm,and pressures of 10,35,and 60 Pa,*** gas temperature remained at room temperature throughout the *** dissociation fraction decreased exponentially along the length of the tubes in all *** penetration depths for w.ll-oxidized nickel w.re 1.2,1.7,and 2.4 cm,*** cobalt,they w.re slightly low.r at 1.0,1.3,and 1.6 cm,respectively,w.ile for copper,they w.re 1.1,1.3,and 1.7 cm,*** results w.re explained by gas dynamics and heterogeneous surface *** data are useful in any attempt to estimate the loss of molecular fragments along tubes,w.ich serve as catalysts for the association of various radicals to stable molecules.

关键词： oxygen plasma penetration depth catalysis heterogeneous surface recombination atom loss

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Pressurized environments directly influence friction and w.ar of dry steel contacts—Investigations in a novel high fluid pressure tribometer

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Friction 2024年第7期12卷 1599-1617页

作者： paul REICHLE Jakob BARZ Georg UMLAUF Günter E.M.TOVAR Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology(IGVP) University of StuttgartStuttgart 70569Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology(IGB) Stuttgart 70569Germany

To reduce the usage of classical lubricants in deep draw.ng,a new.tribological system based on volatile lubricants w.s ***,a volatile medium is injected under high pressure into the interstice betw.en draw.ng tool and sheet *** on temperature and pressure,the temporary lubricant may exist in its gaseous or liquid *** this study,a novel high fluid pressure tribometer w.s designed to investigate the friction and w.ar of dry steel contacts under comparable conditions like in dry deep ***,a new.ball-on-disc tribometer w.s designed and integrated into a high-pressure *** specifically investigate the effects of different environments(technical air,liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide,nitrogen,argon)at atmospheric and high pressure(0.1 MPa,6 MPa)on tribology,the specimens and all components w.re operating *** the experiments,the friction w.s measured *** show.that the highest friction occurs in air and the low.st in carbon dioxide *** to the experiments,the w.ar of the specimens w.s assessed along w.th changes in surface chemistry related to tribochemical ***,the tribology of the dry sliding contacts is correlated to changes of the surface *** differences as w.ll as similarities regarding the different fluid environments are *** the results show.the differences betw.en the media used are most pronounced at elevated ***,this w.rk gives clear indications on the suitability of volatile lubricants in dry friction or rather gas lubrication,especially for dry deep draw.ng.

关键词： dry friction and dry w.ar gas lubrication carbon dioxide tribo-layer dry metal forming

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New.insights into protein–polysaccharide complex coacervation:Dynamics,molecular parameters,and applications

Aggregate

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Aggregate 2024年第1期5卷 148-166页

作者： Jiabao Zheng paul Van der Meeren w.izheng Sun School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health(111 Center) GuangzhouChina

For more than a decade,the discovery of liquid–liquid phase separation w.thin living organisms has prompted colloid scientists to understand the connection betw.en coacervate functionality,phase behavior,and dynamics at a multidisciplinary *** the protein–polysaccharide w.s the first system in w.ich the coacervation phenomenon w.s discovered and is w.dely used in food systems,the phase state and relaxation dynamics of protein–polysaccharide complex coacervates(PPCC)have rarely been discussed ***,this review.aims to unravel the relationship betw.en PPCC dynamics,thermodynamics,molecular architecture,applications,and phase states in past *** ahead,solving the w.y molecular architecture spreads to macro-functionality,that is,establishing the relationship betw.en molecular architecture–dynamics–application,w.ll catalyze novel advancements in PPCC research w.thin the field of foods and biomaterials.

关键词： dynamics encapsulation liquid coacervate protein-polysaccharide complex coacervation solid precipitate

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Application of a simplified ADM1 for full-scale anaerobic co-digestion of cattle slurry and grass silage:assessment of input variability

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 125-139页

作者： Sofia Tisocco Sören w.inrich Gary Lyons Michael w.lls Xinmin Zhan paul Crosson Civil Engineering College of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation CentreDunsanyC15 PW93Ireland Biochemical Conversion Department Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbHLeipzig 04347Germany Faculty of Energy·Building Services·Environmental Engineering Münster University of Applied SciencesSteinfurt 48565Germany Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute HillsboroughBT266DRUK Ryan Institute University of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland MaREI Research Centre for Energy Climate and MarineRyan InstituteUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

Mathematical modeling of anaerobic digestion is a pow.rful tool to predict gas yields and optimize the *** Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1(ADM1)is a w.dely implemented model for this ***,modeling full-scale biogas plants is challenging due to the extensive substrate and parameter characterization *** study describes the modification of the ADM1 through a simplification of individual process phases,characteristic components and required ***,the ability of the simplified model to simulate the co-digestion of grass silage and cattle slurry w.s evaluated using data from a full-scale biogas *** impacts of substrate composition(crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration)and variability of carbohydrate degradability on simulation results w.re assessed to identify the most influential *** indicated that the simplified version w.s able to depict biogas and biomethane production w.th average model efficiencies,according to the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE)coefficient,of 0.70 and 0.67,respectively,and w.s comparable to the original ADM1(average model efficiencies of 0.71 and 0.63,respectively).The variability of crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration did not significantly impact biogas and biomethane output for the data sets *** contrast,carbohydrate degradability seemed to explain much more of the variability in the biogas and methane ***,the application of simplified models provides a reliable basis for the process simulation and optimization of full-scale agricultural biogas plants.

关键词： ADM1 Agricultural feedstocks Biogas technology Input variability Parameter estimation

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Data-driven Distributionally Adjustable Robust Chance-constrained DG Capacity Assessment

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Journal of Modern Pow.r Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第1期12卷 115-127页

作者： Masoume Mahmoodi Seyyed Mahdi Noori Rahim Abadi Ahmad Attarha paul Scott Lachlan Blackhall the College of Engineering and Computer Science The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia

Moving aw.y from fossil fuels tow.rds renew.ble sources requires system operators to determine the capacity of distribution systems to safely accommodate green and distributed generation(DG).How.ver,the DG capacity of a distribution system is often underestimated due to either overly conservative electrical demand and DG output uncertainty modelling or neglecting the recourse capability of the available *** improve the accuracy of DG capacity assessment,this paper proposes a distributionally adjustable robust chance-constrained approach that utilises uncertainty information to reduce the conservativeness of conventional robust *** proposed approach also enables fast-acting devices such as inverters to adjust to the real-time realisation of uncertainty using the adjustable robust counterpart *** achieve a tractable formulation,w. first define uncertain chance constraints through distributionally robust conditional value-at-risk(CVaR),w.ich is then reformulated into convex quadratic *** subsequently solve the resulting large-scale,yet convex,model in a distributed fashion using the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM).Through numerical simulations,w. demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the adjustable robust and conventional distributionally robust approaches by up to 15%and 40%,respectively,in terms of total installed DG capacity.

关键词： Distributed generation(DG)capacity assessment distributionally robust optimisation chance-constrained optimisation distribution system

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Hypoxic and temporal variation in the endocrine disrupting toxicity of perfluorobutanesulfonate in marine medaka(Oryzias melastigma)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 279-291页

作者： Baili Sun Jing Li Yachen Bai Xiangzhen Zhou paul K.S.Lam Lianguo Chen State Key Laboratory of Freshw.ter Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Office of the President Hong Kong Metropolitan University30 Good Shepherd StreetKowloonHong Kong SARChina

Perfluorobutanesulfonate(PFBS)is an emerging pollutant capable of potently disrupting the sex and thyroid endocrine systems of ***,the hypoxic and temporal variation in PFBS endocrine disrupting toxicity remain largely *** the present study,adult marine medaka w.re exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of PFBS(0 and 10μg/L)under normoxia or hypoxia conditions for 7 days,aiming to explore the interactive behavior betw.en PFBS and *** addition,PFBS singular exposure w.s extended till 21days under normoxia to elucidate the time-course progression in PFBS *** results show.d that hypoxia inhibited the grow.h and caused the suspension of egg spaw. regardless of PFBS *** regard to the sex endocrine system,7-day PFBS exposure led to an acute stimulation of transcriptional profiles in females,w.ich,subsequently,recovered after the 21-day *** potency of hypoxia to disturb the sex hormones w.s much stronger than PFBS.A remarkable increase in estradiol concentration w.s noted in medaka blood after hypoxia *** in sex endocrinology of coexposed fish w.re largely determined by hypoxia,w.ich drove the formation of an estrogenic *** further enhanced the endocrine disrupting effects of ***,the hepatic synthesis of vitellogenin and choriogenin,tw. commonly used sensitive biomarkers of estrogenic activity,failed to initiate in response to the estrogen *** to sex endocrine system,disturbances in thyroidal axis by PFBS or hypoxia w.re relatively ***,the present findings w.ll advance our toxicological understanding about PFBS pollutant under the interference of hypoxia.

关键词： Perfluorobutanesulfonate(PFBS) Aquatic hypoxia Temporal toxicity Combined exposure Endocrine disruption Marine medaka

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Quasi-static and dynamic compressive behaviour of additively manufactured Menger fractal cube structures

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第7期37卷 39-49页

作者： Damith Mohotti Dakshitha w.erasinghe Madhusha Bogahaw.ththa Hongxu w.ng Kasun w.jesooriya paul JHazell School of Engineering and Technology UNSWCanberraACT2600Australia School of Civil Mining and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia

This paper presents the first-ever investigation of Menger fractal cubes'quasi-static compression and impact *** cubes w.th different void ratios w.re 3D printed using polylactic acid(PLA)w.th dimensions of 40 mm×40 mm×40 *** different orders of Menger cubes w.th different void ratios w.re considered,namely M1 w.th a void ratio of 0.26,M2 w.th a void ratio of 0.45,and M3w.th a void ratio of ***-static Compression tests w.re conducted using a universal testing machine,w.ile the drop hammer w.s used to observe the behaviour under impact *** fracture mechanism,energy efficiency and force-time histories w.re *** the structured nature of the void formation and predictability of the failure modes,the Menger geometry show.d some promise compared to other alternatives,such as foams and *** the increasing void ratio,the Menger geometries show.force-displacement behaviour similar to hyper-elastic materials such as rubber and *** third-order Menger cubes show.d the highest energy absorption efficiency compared to the other tw. geometries in this *** findings of the present w.rk reveal the possibility of using additively manufactured Menger geometries as an energy-efficient system capable of reducing the transmitting force in applications such as crash barriers.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Fractal geometries Menger cube Energy absorption Quasi-static

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