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Post-fire recovery of Puya raimondii, vegetation and birds in the puna of Huascarán National Park, Perú

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Journal of mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 20-32页

作者： mery L.SUNI Giovana P.VADILLO César ARANA Enoc JARA-PENA Letty SALINAS m.Estela PONCE paul m.RAmSAY Plant Physiology Laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Natural History museum Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15072Peru Applied Phytology Laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Statistics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences Universidad de las Américas PueblaSan Andrés Cholula CP Cholula CP 72810Mexico

A large fire of 233 ha in Huascarán National Park in Peru provided an opportunity to compare plant and bird responses in burned and nearby unburned zones of the puna. Heights and live diameters of flagship Puya raimondii rosettes(assigned to four broad developmental phases), plant communities(66 species in 24 families and nine growth forms) and bird communities(77 species in six trophic guilds) were monitored after the fire. Although no mortality was observed, Puya raimondii plants were affected by the fire, losing approximately 60% of their photosynthetic area across all developmental phases, but recovered quickly during the first two years after fire. The comparison of Puya rosette recovery after fire was complicated by the changes in live rosette diameter for unburned plants, which showed plasticity of photosynthetic area linked to seasonal and annual fluctuations in precipitation in this relatively dry environment(decreased by 26% for mature adult plants over the study period). Fire caused an immediate change in the density, biomass and composition of vegetation. Although the species present remained similar, their abundances changed significantly immediately after the fire, with notable reductions in dominant tussock grasses. This provided opportunities for other plants, resulting in higher postfire diversity of plant species, genera, families and growth forms. In turn, the changes in vegetation after fire affected the composition of birds according to their trophic guild. Granivores largely disappeared,generalists were mostly unaffected, and other guilds showed a more complex response. As the vegetation recovered, most displaced birds returned within approximately one year.

关键词： Burning Plant biomass Trophic guilds Andes Giant rosette plants

众脑之力:通过开放神经影像数据和大规模协作催化神经精神疾病的创新发现

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Science Bulletin 2024年第10期69卷 1536-1555页

作者：鲁彬陈骁 Francisco Xavier Castellanos paul m.Thompson 左西年臧玉峰严超赣 CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science Institute of PsychologyBeijing 100101China Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew York 10016USA d Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research Orangeburg 10962USA Imaging Genetics Center Mark&Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging&InformaticsKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles 90033USA Developmental Population Neuroscience Research Center IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China National Basic Science Data Center Beijing 100190China Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 310004China Institute of Psychological Science Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 310030China Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairment Hangzhou 311121China International Big-Data Center for Depression Research Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Recent advances in open neuroimaging data are enhancing our comprehension of neuropsychiatric *** pooling images from various cohorts,statistical power has increased,enabling the detection of subtle abnormalities and robust associations,and fostering new research *** collaborations in imaging have furthered our knowledge of the neurobiological foundations of brain disorders and aided in imaging-based prediction for more targeted ***-scale magnetic resonance imaging initiatives are driving innovation in analytics and supporting generalizable psychiatric *** also emphasize the significant role of big data in understanding neural mechanisms and in the early identification and precise treatment of neuropsychiatric ***,challenges such as data harmonization across different sites,privacy protection,and effective data sharing must be *** proper governance and open science practices,we conclude with a projection of how large-scale imaging resources and collaborations could revolutionize diagnosis,treatment selection,and outcome prediction,contributing to optimal brain health.

关键词： magnetic resonance imaging Neuropsychiatric disorders Big data Open science Artificial intelligence

Concentration of Copper, Zinc, Lead, Cadmium, and Nickel in the Incinerator Bottom Ash in Five County Hospitals in Kenya

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第6期12卷 90-114页

作者： muriithi J. Githinji paul m. Njogu Zipporah Nganga mohamed Karama Institute of Tropical medicine and Infectious Diseases (ITROmID) Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Nairobi Kenya Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Nairobi Kenya Academic Research and Student Affairs South Eastern Kenya University Kitui Kenya School of Public Health Amref International University Nairobi Kenya

Healthcare wastes contain potentially harmful microorganisms, inorganic and organic compounds that pose a risk to human health and the environment. Incineration is a common method employed in healthcare waste management to reduce volume, quantity, toxicity as well as elimination of microorganisms. However, some of the substances remain unchanged during incineration and become part of bottom ash, such as heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants. monitoring of pollution by heavy metals is important since their concentrations in the environment affect public health. The goal of this study was to determine the levels of Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Nickel (Ni) in the incinerator bottom ash in five selected County hospitals in Kenya. Bottom ash samples were collected over a period of six months. Sample preparation and treatment were done using standard methods. Analysis of the heavy metals were done using atomic absorption spectrophotometer, model AA-6200. One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine whether there were significant differences on the mean levels of Cu, Zn, Pd, Cd and Ni in incinerator bottom ash from the five sampling locations. A post-hoc Tukey’s Test (HSD) was used to determine if there were significant differences between and within samples. The significant differences were accepted at p ≤ 0.05. To standardize the results, overall mean of each metal from each site was calculated. The metal mean concentration values were compared with existing permissible levels set by the WHO. The concentrations (mg/kg) were in the range of 102.27 - 192.53 for Cu, Zn (131.68 - 2840.85), Pb (41.06 - 303.96), Cd (1.92 - 20.49) whereas Ni was (13.83 - 38.27) with a mean of 150.76 ± 77.88 for Copper, 131.66 ± 1598.95 for Zinc, 234.60 ± 262.76 for Lead, 12.256 ± 10.86 for Cadmium and 29.45 ± 18.24 for Nickel across the five sampling locations. There were significant differences between levels determined by one-way ANOVA of Zn (

关键词： Healthcare Waste Disposal Public Health Environment Incineration Heavy metals Bottom Ash

中国社会陌生人之间合作行为的变迁:基于社会困境研究的元分析(1999~2019)

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心理学报 2024年第9期56卷 1159-1175页

作者：苑明亮伍俊辉金淑娴林靓寇彧 paul A.m.Van Lange 安徽农业大学人文社会科学学院心理学系合肥230036 中国科学院心理研究所行为科学重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大学心理学系北京100049 萨塞克斯大学心理学院英国布莱顿BN19RH 北京师范大学发展心理研究院应用实验心理北京市重点实验室心理学国家级实验教学示范中心(北京师范大学)北京100875 阿姆斯特丹自由大学脑与行为研究院实验与应用心理学系荷兰阿姆斯特丹1081BT

陌生人间的合作行为对于解决社会公共问题,应对世界百年未有之大变局意义重大。本研究采用横断历史元分析方法,基于1999~2019年间开展的254项使用社会困境范式测量我国陌生人间合作行为的研究(共302个合作率,29249名被试,平均年龄:18~28... 详细信息

陌生人间的合作行为对于解决社会公共问题,应对世界百年未有之大变局意义重大。本研究采用横断历史元分析方法,基于1999~2019年间开展的254项使用社会困境范式测量我国陌生人间合作行为的研究(共302个合作率,29249名被试,平均年龄:18~28岁),探讨了中国社会中合作行为的变迁及一些社会发展指标在其中的解释作用,并比较中美两国的合作行为变迁趋势。结果表明,中国人的合作行为水平随时间而上升,一些社会发展指标(人均国内生产总值、城市化率、高等教育水平、互联网普及率等)可能是其上升的社会变迁基础。中美两国合作行为表现出相似的上升趋势,但中国的在更短时间内有更大上升幅度。研究结果对提振民众信心具有重要意义。

关键词：合作行为社会资本社会困境横断历史元分析社会变迁

Associations of accelerometry-measured and self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior with skeletal muscle energetics:The Study of muscle,mobility and Aging(SOmmA)

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 621-630页

作者： Yujia(Susanna)Qiao Terri L.Blackwell Peggy m.Cawthon paul m.Coen Steven R.Cummings Giovanna Distefano Samaneh Farsijani Daniel E.Forman Bret H.Goodpaster Stephen B.Kritchevsky Theresa mau Frederico G.S.Toledo Anne B.Newman Nancy W.Glynn Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA San Francisco Coordinating Center California Pacific Medical Center Research InstituteSan FranciscoCA 94143USA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA Translational Research Institute AdventHealthOrlandoFL 32804USA Department of medicine(Geriatrics and Cardiology) University of Pittsburghand GeriatricsResearchEducationand Clinical Center(GRECC)VA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemPittsburghPA 15261USA Department of Internal medicine Section on Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27109USA Division of Endocrinology and metabolism Department of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA

Background:Skeletal muscle energetics decline with age,and physical activity(PA)has been shown to offset these declines in older ***,many studies reporting these effects were based on self-reported PA or structured exercise ***,we examined the associations of accelerometry-measured and self-reported PA and sedentary behavior(SB)with skeletal muscle energetics and explored the extent to which PA and sedentary behavior would attenuate the associations of age with muscle ***:As part of the Study of muscle,mobility and Aging,enrolled older adults(n=879),810(age=76.4±5.0 years old,mean±SD;58%women)had maximal muscle oxidative capacity measured ex vivo via high-resolution re spirometry of permeabilized myofibers(maximal oxidative phosphorylation(maxOXPHOS))and in vivo by ^(31)phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy(maximal adenosine triphosphate(ATP_(max))).Accelerometry-measured sedentary behavior,light activity,and moderate-to-vigorous PA(mVPA)were assessed using a wrist-worn ActiGraph GT9X over 7 ***-reported sedentary behavior,mVPA,and all PA were assessed with the Community Healthy Activities model Program for Seniors(CHAmPS)*** regression models with progressive covariate adjustments evaluated the associations of sedentary behavior and PA with muscle energetics,as well as the attenuation of the age/muscle energetics association by mVP A and sedentary *** a sensitivity analysis,we also examined activPAL-measured daily step count and time spent in sedentary behavior and their associations with muscle ***:Every 30 min/day more of ActiGraph-measured mVPA was associated with 0.65 pmol/(s×mg)higher maxOXPHOS and 0.012 mm/s higher ATP_(max)after adjusting for age,site/technician,and sex(pmaxOXPHOS or ATP_(max).meanwhile,every 30 min/day spent in ActiGraph-measured sedentary behavior was associated with 0.39 pmol/s×mg lower maxOXPHOS and0.

关键词： Aging Exercise mitochondria

A computational sandbox with human automata for exploring perceived egress safety in urban damage scenarios

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2018年第4期11卷 369-396页

作者： paul m.Torrens Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tandon School of Engineeringand Center for Urban Science+ProgressNew York UniversityBrooklynNYUSA

In earthquakes and building collapse situations,volumes of people may need to move,suddenly,through spaces that have been destroyed and seem unfamiliar in configuration and *** is significant in these cases,determining individual movement,collective egress,and phenomena in ***,exploring how perception shapes critical egress is tricky because perception is both physical and cerebral in genesis and because critical scenarios are often *** this paper,we describe a computational sandbox for studying urban damage *** model is built as automata,specialized as human automata and rigid body automata,with interactivity provided by *** sandbox supports parameterization of synthetic built settings and synthetic humans in fine detail for large interactive collections,allowing flexible analyses of damage scenarios and their determining processes,from micro-perspectives through to the macrocosm of the phenomena that might *** we have much work to do to improve the model relative to real-world fidelity,our work thus far has produced some meaningful results,supporting practical questions of how urban design and parking scenarios shape egress,and pointing to potential phenomena of perceptual shadowing as a translation mechanism for processes at the built-human interface.

关键词： Simulation perception movement

Computer Processing of Remotely-Sensed Images: An Introduction 3rd ed.

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Pathobiology of the neutrophil-intestinal epithelial cell interaction:Role in carcinogenesis

2004年

作者： paul m. mather

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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畅想之星图书光盘版（南通市图书馆镜像）

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第46期16卷 5790-5800页

作者： paul m Hofman Laboratory of Clinical Experimental PathologyHuman BiobankUniversity of Nice Sophia Antipolis

The role of chronic inflammation,acting as an independent factor,on the onset of gastrointestinal carcinogenesis is now well ***,even if there is an increase in the number of elements directly involving polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PmNL),as a major actor in digestive carcinogenesis,the different cellular and molecular events occurring in this process are still not completely *** transepithelial migration of PmNL,which is the ultimate step of the afflux of PmNL into the digestive mucosa,is a complex phenomenon involving sequential interaction of molecules expressed both on PmNL and on digestive epithelial *** inflammatory areas rich in PmNL [so-called (chronic active inflammation)] and iterative transepithelial migration of PmNL certainly evoke intracellular signals,which lead toward progressive transformation of *** these different signals,the mutagenic effect of reactive oxygen species and nitrates,the activation of the nuclear factor-κB pathway,and the modulation of expression of certain microRNA are key *** the initiation of carcinogenesis,PmNL are involved in the progression and invasion of digestive carcinomas,with which they *** is noteworthy that different subpopulations of PmNL,which can have some opposite effects on tumor growth,in association with different levels of transforming growth factor-β and with the number of CD8 positive T lymphocytes,could be present during the development of digestive *** factors that involve PmNL,such as massive elastase release,and the production of angiogenic factors,can participate in the progression of neoplastic cells through *** may play a major role in the onset of metastases,since they allow the tumor cells to cross the endothelial barrier and to migrate into the blood ***,PmNL play a role,alone or in association with other cell parameters,in the initiation,promotion,progression and dissemination of digestive carcinomas.

关键词： Neutrophils Intestinal epithelial cells Carcinogenesis Cytokines Nuclear factor-κB pathway microRNA Reactive oxygen species

Advanced accounting / 8th ed.

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