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When multi-functional landscape meets Critical Zone science:advancing multi-disciplinary research for sustainable human well-being

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National Science Review 2019年第2期6卷 349-358页

作者： Ying Luo Yihe Lü Bojie Fu paul harris Lianhai Wu Alexis Comber State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Center for Global Change Studies Rothamsted Research North Wyke School of Geography University of Leeds

Environmental degradation has become one of the major obstacles to sustainable development and human well-being internationally. Scientific efforts are being made to understand the mechanism of environmental degradation and sustainability. Critical Zone(CZ) science and research on the multi-functional landscape are emerging fields in Earth science that can contribute to such scientific efforts. This paper reviews the progress, similarities and current status of these two scientific research fields, and identifies a number of opportunities for their synergistic integration through functional and multi-functional approaches,process-based monitoring, mechanistic analyses and dynamic modeling, global long-term and networked monitoring and systematic modeling supported by scaling and deep coupling. These approaches proposed in this paper have the potential to support sustainable human well-being by strengthening a functional orientation that consolidates multi-functional landscape research and CZ science. This is a key challenge for sustainable development and human well-being in the twenty-first century.

关键词： multi-functional landscapes Critical Zone ecosystem services sustainable development human well-being

The GWmodel R package:further topics for exploring spatial heterogeneity using geographically weighted models

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2014年第2期17卷 85-101页

作者： Binbin LU paul harris Martin CHARLTON Chris BRUNSDON School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering Wuhan University129 Luoyu RoadWuhan 430079China Rothamsted Research North WykeOkehamptonDevonUK National Centre for Geocomputation National University of Ireland MaynoothMaynoothCo.KildareIreland

In this study,we present a collection of local models,termed geographically weighted(GW)models,which can be found within the GWmodel R package.A GW model suits situations when spatial data are poorly described by the global form,and for some regions the localized fit provides a better *** approach uses a moving window weighting technique,where a collection of local models are estimated at target ***,model parameters or outputs are mapped so that the nature of spatial heterogeneity can be explored and *** particular,we present case studies using:(i)GW summary statistics and a GW principal components analysis;(ii)advanced GW regression fits and diagnostics;(iii)associated Monte Carlo significance tests for non-stationarity;(iv)a GW discriminant analysis;and(v)enhanced kernel bandwidth selection *** Election data-sets from the Republic of Ireland and US are used for *** study is designed to complement a companion GWmodel study,which focuses on basic and robust GW models.

关键词： principal components analysis semi-parametric GW regression discriminant analysis Monte Carlo tests election data

High-performance solutions of geographically weighted regression in R

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2022年第4期25卷 536-549页

作者： Binbin Lu Yigong Hu Daisuke Murakami Chris Brunsdon Alexis Comber Martin Charlton paul harris School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina Department of Data Science Institute of Mathematical StatisticsTokyoJapan National Centre for Geocomputation Maynooth UniversityMaynoothIreland School of Geography University of LeedsLeedsUK Sustainable Agriculture Sciences North Wyke Rothamsted ResearchOkehamptonUK

As an established spatial analytical tool,Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR)has been applied across a variety of ***,its usage can be challenging for large datasets,which are increasingly prevalent in today’s digital *** this study,we propose two high-performance R solutions for GWR via Multi-core Parallel(MP)and Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA)techniques,respectively GWR-MP and *** compared GWR-MP and GWR-CUDA with three existing solutions available in Geographically Weighted Models(GWmodel),Multi-scale GWR(MGWR)and Fast GWR(FastGWR).Results showed that all five solutions perform differently across varying sample sizes,with no single solution a clear winner in terms of computational ***,solutions given in GWmodel and MGWR provided acceptable computational costs for GWR studies with a relatively small sample *** a large sample size,GWR-MP and FastGWR provided coherent solutions on a Personal Computer(PC)with a common multi-core configuration,GWR-MP provided more efficient computing capacity for each core or thread than *** cases when the sample size was very large,and for these cases only,GWR-CUDA provided the most efficient solution,but should note its I/O cost with small *** summary,GWR-MP and GWR-CUDA provided complementary high-performance R solutions to existing ones,where for certain data-rich GWR studies,they should be preferred.

关键词： Non-stationarity big data parallel computing Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA) Geographically Weighted models(GWmodel)

A framework for the regional critical zone classi?cation: the case of the Chinese Loess Plateau

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National Science Review 2019年第1期6卷 14-18页

作者： Yihe Lü Jian Hu Bojie Fu paul harris Lianhai Wu Xiaolin Tong Yingfei Bai Alexis J.Comber State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Center for Global Change Studies Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Southwest Minzu University Sustainable Agriculture Sciences Rothamsted Research

The concept of the Earth’s Critical Zone(CZ)—the near-surface heterogeneous environment of our planet—was originally defined to include the land surface,vegetation canopy, rivers, lakes and shallow seas [1]. CZ accommodates interactions among air, water, soil, rock and living organisms, and determines the availability of life-sustaining resources needed for the well-being and sustainability of human society. Therefore, there are new opportunities for integrative studies of

关键词： the case of the Chinese Loess Plateau CLP CZ

Helicobacter pylori HopE and HopV porins present scarce expression among clinical isolates

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第3期16卷 320-329页

作者： Maritza Lienlaf Juan Pablo Morales María Inés Díaz Rodrigo Díaz Elsa Bruce Freddy Siegel Gloria León paul R harris Alejandro Venegas Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccine Biotechnology Laboratory Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyFaculty of Biological SciencesPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Gastroenterology Unit Faculty of MedicineUniversidad Austral de Chile Institute of Biochemistry Faculty of SciencesUniversidad Austral de Chile Department of Pediatrics School of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

AIM:To evaluate how widely Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) HopE and HopV porins are expressed among Chilean isolates and how seroprevalent they are among infected patients in ***: H. pylori hopE and hopV genes derived from strain CHCTX-1 were cloned by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli AD494 (DE3). Gel-purified porins were used to prepare polyclonal antibodies. The presence of both genes was tested by PCR in a collection of H. pylori clinical isolates and their expression was detected in lysates by immunoblotting. Immune responses against HopE, HopV and other H. pylori antigens in sera from infected and non-infected patients were tested by Western blotting using these sera as f irst antibody on recombinant H. pylori ***: PCR and Western blotting assays revealed that 60 and 82 out of 130 Chilean isolates carried hopE and hopV genes, respectively, but only 16 and 9, respectively, expressed these porins. IgG serum immunoreactivity evaluation of 69 H. pylori-infected patients revealed that HopE and HopV were infrequently recognized (8.7% and 10.1% respectively) compared to H. pylori VacA (68.1%) and CagA (59.5%) antigens. Similar values were detected for IgA serum immunoreactivity against HopE (11.6%) and HopV (10.5%) although lower values for VacA (42%) and CagA (17.4%) were obtained when compared to the IgG ***: A scarce expression of HopE and HopV among Chilean isolates was found, in agreement with the infrequent seroconversion against these antigens when tested in infected Chilean patients.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Gene expression HopE and HopV porins Antigens Immune response

Non-invasive diagnosis of gastric mucosal atrophy in an asymptomatic population with high prevalence of gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第44期12卷 7172-7178页

作者： Antonio Rollan Catterina Ferreccio Alessandra Gederlini Carolina Serrano Javiera Torres paul harris Department of Gastroenterology Faculty ofMedicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Marcoleta367 Santiago 6510260 Chile Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Marcoleta 367 Santiago 6510260 Chile Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Marcoleta 367 Santiago 6510260 Chile Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Marcoleta 367 Santiago 6510260 Chile

AIM: To validate a non-invasive method to detect gastric mucosal atrophy in a Chilean population with high prevalence of gastric cancer and a poor survival rate. METHODS: We first determined the optimal cut-off level of serum pepsinogen (PG)-1, PG-1/PG-2 ratio and 17-gastrin in 31 voluntary symptomatic patients (mean age: 66.1 years), of them 61% had histologically confirmed gastric atrophy. Then, in a population-based sample of 536 healthy individuals (209 residents in counties with higher relative risk and 327 residents in counties with lower relative risk for gastric cancer), we measured serum anti-H pylori antibodies, PG and 17-gastrin and estimated their risk of gastric cancer. RESULTS: We found that serum PG-1 13.3 pmol/L had a high specificity (91%-100%) and a fair sensitivity (56%-78%) to detect corpus-predominant atrophy. Based on low serum PG-1 and PG-1/PG-2 ratio together as diagnostic criteria, 12.5% of the asymptomatic subjects had corpus-predominant atrophy (0% of those under 25 years and 20.2% over 65 years old). The frequency of gastric atrophy was similar (12% vs 13%) but H pylori infection rate was slightly higher (77% vs 71%) in the high-risk compared to the low-risk counties. Based on their estimated gastric cancer risk, individuals were classified as: low-risk group (no H pylori infection and no atrophy; n = 115; 21.4%); moderate-risk group(H pylori infection but no atrophy; n = 354, 66.0%); and high-risk group (gastric atrophy, with or without H pylori infection; n = 67, 12.5%). The high-risk group was significantly older (mean age: 61.9 ± 13.3 years), more frequently men and less educated as compared with the low-risk group. CONCLUSION: We propose to concentrate on an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for detection of early gastric cancer in the high-risk group. This intervention model could improve the poor prognosis of gastric cancer in Chile.

关键词： Gastric cancer H pylori Gastric atrophy Non-invasive diagnosis Pepsinogen Gastrin

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邻家男孩已长大,乖乖“B宝”也变坏?

疯狂英语（阅读版） 2013年第6期 4-9页

作者： paul harris Mac

他违反法规，又因与一个女孩的风流韵事而出糗，然后被抓飙车，那种疯狂程度恐怕会让他的父母好几晚睡不着觉。这样说吧，流行歌星贾斯汀·比伯现在的表现就像任何刚满18岁的小青年，在成人世界苦苦挣扎，希望找到自己的位置。

关键词：男孩成人世界疯狂

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辉煌谢幕精神永存——“脱口秀女王”奥普拉·温弗瑞的非凡职业生涯

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英语沙龙（高中） 2011年第9期 44-45页

作者： paul harris 不详

她的节目在全世界145个国家公映;她所创办的月刊有240万读者,每期封面都有她的照片……时至今日,奥普拉无处不在,甚至＂通往白宫的道路必经奥普拉＂,她蝉联《福布斯》名人权力榜榜首7年。告别之际,没有人会忘记这位＂脱口秀女王＂,更何... 详细信息

她的节目在全世界145个国家公映;她所创办的月刊有240万读者,每期封面都有她的照片……时至今日,奥普拉无处不在,甚至＂通往白宫的道路必经奥普拉＂,她蝉联《福布斯》名人权力榜榜首7年。告别之际,没有人会忘记这位＂脱口秀女王＂,更何况,她人生的新篇章才刚刚翻开。

关键词：脱口秀职业生涯女王谢幕精神《福布斯》节目读者

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九年的道义和承诺

疯狂英语（阅读版） 2007年第7期 32-35页

作者： paul harris 小兰

2006年5月,英国登山者大卫·夏普在第三次攀登珠穆朗玛峰时遇上暴风雪,氧气耗尽,生命垂危。在接下来的一段时间里,大约有40名登山者从他身边经过,但没有一个人伸出援手。这40多个人中,其中有一位是新西兰的无腿登山者,他在登上珠峰之颠... 详细信息

2006年5月,英国登山者大卫·夏普在第三次攀登珠穆朗玛峰时遇上暴风雪,氧气耗尽,生命垂危。在接下来的一段时间里,大约有40名登山者从他身边经过,但没有一个人伸出援手。这40多个人中,其中有一位是新西兰的无腿登山者,他在登上珠峰之颠的时候,感觉自己"像是上了天"!然而,同时许多人指责他的人道和品格是"下了地狱"。此事在世界范围内引起广泛关注和讨论——究竟是人的生命重要,还是征服这座全世界所有登山爱好者心中的女神、素有"死亡之峰"之称的珠穆朗玛峰更重要?也许所有不曾登过珠峰的人都不配给这些勇于挑战生命极限的勇士们简单地作是非对错的判定,因为正如女登山爱好者杰妮·阿罗德所说:"在世界最高峰附近,人道和勇气的含义绝不同于地面。在那里,生命最顽强,也最脆弱,却最灿烂,最自然;无论生还者,还是死去的人,他们的理想都同世界顶峰相伴。所以,才有不断的登山者,迈过死亡,冲向顶峰。"在对勇于向"死亡地带"进发的登山勇士表示钦佩的同时,让我们也对本文的主人公——一位立志要向逝去的同伴归还尊严的登山者——献上我们的敬意!

关键词：珠穆朗玛峰登山暴风雪承诺死亡顶峰生命珠峰氧气尸体

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