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Multispecies communities:interspecies interactions influence growth on saliva as sole nutritional source

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International Journal of Oral Science 2011年第2期3卷 49-54页

作者： paul e.Kolenbrander National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research National Institutes of Health

Human oral bacteria live in multispecies communities in the biofilm called dental plaque. This review focuses on the interactions of seven species and the ability of each species individually and together with other species to grow on saliva as the sole source of nutrient. Community formation in biofihns in flow cells is monitored using species-specific fluorophore-conjugated immunoglobulin Gy and images are captured by confocal microscopy. early colonizing veillonellae emerge from this review of interspecies interactions in saliva as a critical genus that guides the development of multispecies communities. Highly selective interspecies recognition is evident as initial colonizers pair with early and middle colonizers to form multispecies communities that grow on saliva.

关键词： growth on saliva multispecies communities biofilm flow cell interspecies interactions

The value of testicular ＇mapping＇ in men with non-obstructive azoospermia

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第2期13卷 225-230页

作者： Monika e Beliveau paul J Turek The Turek Clinic 55 Francisco St. Suite 300 San Francisco CA 94010 USA

As the field of assisted reproduction has advanced, many previously untreatable men are now biological fathers. Although finding sperm in men with obstructive azoospermia is not difficult, locating and retrieving spermatozoa in men with non-obstructive azoospermia remains a clinical challenge, largely because sperm production in these men can be patchy or focal in nature. In response to this challenge, strategies such as fine-needle aspiration （FNA） mapping have been developed to find spermatozoa. This review discusses the history, evolution and current clinical utility and findings with FNA mapping for male infertility）. Review of the current literature in the english language on FNA （diagnostic or therapeutic） with a keyword focuses on sperm detection, retrieval, safety and complications. FNA was described in human medicine over 100 years ago. Testis FNA was described 45 years ago and FNA ＇mapping＇ of spermatozoa was described in 1997. This comparative review of the literature on sperm detection and complication rates with FNA and open testis biopsy or microdissection procedures suggests that FNA is highly informative, minimally invasive and is associated with fewer complications than other commonly used approaches to sperm detection in non-obstructive azoospermic patients. FNA mapping has gained considerable traction as an informative, ＇testis sparing＇ technique for sperm detection in non-obstructive azoospermia. With knowledge of sperm presence and location prior to sperm retrieval, FNA maps can help clinicians tailor sperm retrieval to optimize time, effort and extent of procedures needed to procure spermatozoa in these difficult cases.

关键词： azoospermia fine-needle aspiration hypogonadism sperm mapping sperm retrieval

evolving landscape and novel treatments in, metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第3期15卷 342-349页

作者： paul J Toren Martin e Gleave Department of Urologic Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9 Canada

Treatment options for castrate-resistant prostate cancer （CRPC） have advanced in recent years and significantly improved the Outlook for patients with this aggressive and lethal disease. Further understanding of the biology＇of CRPC has led to several new targeted therapies and continues to emphasize the importance of androgen receptor （AR） directed therapy. The treatment landscape is rapidly changing and further biologically rationale, biomarker-based ongoing clinical trials are needed. We review the recent results of major clinical trials in CRPC. New and investigational agents now in clinical evaluation are reviewed including inhibitors of angiogenesis, microtubules, chaperones, AR and intracellular kinases, as well as immunotherapy, radiopharmaceuticals and bone-targeted agents. The recent improvement in prognosis for CRPC brings continued optimism for further improvements. Thoughtful planning of clinical trials and further understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to therapies will allow for continued progress in patient care.

关键词： prostate cancer treatment resistance androgen receptor antagonists molecular targets

Murine lung eosinophil activation and chemokine production in allergic airway inflammation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2010年第5期7卷 361-374页

作者： C edward rose Jr Joanne A Lannigan paul Kim James J Lee Shu Man Fu Sun-sang J Sung Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Department of MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA Department of Microbiology University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA Center for Immunity Inflammationand Regenerative Medicine and Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA Division of Pulmonary Medicine Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMayo Clinic ArizonaScottsdaleAZUSA

eosinophils play important roles in asthma and lung *** models are widely used for assessing the functional significance and mechanistic basis for eosinophil involvements in these ***,little is known about tissue eosinophils in *** addition,little data on eosinophil chemokine production during allergic airway inflammation are *** this study,the properties and functions of homeostatic and activated eosinophils were *** from normal tissues expressed costimulation and adhesion molecules B7-1,B7-2 and ICAM-1 for Ag presentation but little major histocompatibility complex(MHC)class II,and were found to be poor stimulators of T-cell ***,these eosinophils expressed high levels of chemokine mRNA including C10,macrophage inflammatory protein(MIP)-1a,MIP-1c,MIP-2,eotaxin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-5(MCP-5),and produced chemokine *** intracellular chemokines decreased rapidly with concomitant surface marker downregulation upon in vitro culturing consistent with piecemeal *** eosinophils from mice with induced allergic airway inflammation exhibited increased chemokines mRNA expression and chemokines protein production and upregulated MHC class II and CD11c *** were also found to be the predominant producers of the CCR1 ligands CCL6/C10 and CCL9/MIP-1c in inflamed *** production of C10 and MIP-1c correlated with the marked influx of CD11bhigh lung dendritic cells during allergic airway inflammation and the high expression of CCR1 on these dendritic cells(DCs).The study provided baseline information on tissue eosinophils,documented the upregulation of activation markers and chemokine production in activated eosinophils,and indicated that eosinophils were a key chemokine-producing cell type in allergic lung inflammation.

关键词： allergy chemokines eosinophils lung mouse

Treatment of mesothelioma: still a long way to go!

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2013年第2期25卷 132-133页

作者： paul e. Van Schil Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Antwerp University Hospital

Prognosis of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma remains very poor. Single treatment modality is clearly not effective in improving disease-free and overall survival. For this reason combined modality therapy is intensively investigated. In the well-performed and timely systematic review by Cao and colleagues, results of trimodality therapy for mesothelioma consisting of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, extrapleural pneumonectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy, were evaluated （1）. A total of 16 studies were included of which one was a randomized controlled trial, 5 were prospective studies and the others selected retrospective, observational studies. Although the results are inconsistent,

关键词： Treatment of mesothelioma still a long way to go

Life Cycle Assessment of Cashew Nutshell Briquettes Produced in Côte d’Ivoire

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第9期14卷 2411-2430页

作者： Bi Tra Désiré Zinla ekoun paul Magloire Koffi Kamenan Blaise Koua Kpeusseu Angeline Kouambla epse Yeo Prosper Gbaha Laboratoire des Procds Industriels de Synthse de lEnvironnement et des Energies Nouvelles Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphout-Boigny Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire Laboratoire des Sciences de la Matire de lEnvironnement et de lEnergie Solaire Unit de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences des Structures de la Matire et de Technologie Universit Felix Houphout-Boigny Abidjan Cte dIvoire

Now one of the main cash crops in Côte d’Ivoire, the cashew tree feeds an entire industrial sector based on the processing of its fruit. This processing generates a large volume of waste, consisting of cashew nutshells, the management of which poses environmental problems. With the aim of replacing charcoal and firewood with more environmentally friendly fuels, several studies are currently being carried out into the optimal use of cashew shells in fuel briquettes. To assess the environmental sustainability of these briquettes, this study calculates the environmental impacts associated with their life cycle, compares them with those of charcoal and firewood, and identifies the processes that contribute most to environmental pollution, with a view to improving them. Analysis of the results showed that cashew nutshell briquettes emit a range of pollutants over their life cycle that damage the environment and are responsible for the 7 impact categories considered: acidification, eutrophication, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, global warming, human toxicity, photochemical oxidation and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential. However, they are more environmentally friendly than charcoal and firewood for 5 impact categories: freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, global warming, human toxicity, photochemical oxidation and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential. The 3 elementary processes, i.e. transport of biomass raw materials, production, and combustion of briquettes, emit pollutants that contribute most to the creation of environmental impact categories. The most relevant pollutants are nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx) and particulate matter (PM).

关键词： LCA Briquettes Cashew Nutshell Biomass environmental Impact

Assessing habitat quality of the mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni in the Bale Mountains, ethiopia

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Current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 525-535页

作者： paul H. eVANGeLISTA John NORMAN III paul SWARTZINKI3,paul SWARTZINKI3,paul SWARTZINKI Nicholas e. YOUNG Natural Resource ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80524-1499 USA Natural Resource Conservation Service Shepardson Bldg. Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80524 USA AeCOM 1601 Prospect Pkwy Fort Collins CO 80303 USA

Populations of the endangered mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni are significantly threatened by the loss of critical habitat. Population estimates are tentative, and information on the species＇ distribution and available habitat is required for for-mulating immediate management and conservation strategies. To support management decisions and conservation priorities, we integrated information from a number of small-scale observational studies, interviews and reports from multiple sources to define habitat parameters and create a habitat quality model for mountain nyala in the Bale Mountains. For our analysis, we used the FunConn model, an expertise-based model that considers spatial relationships （i.e., patch size, distance） between the species and vegetation type, topography and disturbance to create a habitat quality surface. The habitat quality model showed that approxi- mately 18,610 km^2 （82.7% of our study area） is unsuitable or poor habitat for the mountain nyala, while 2,857 km^2 （12.7%） and 1,026 km^2 （4.6%） was ranked as good or optimal habitat, respectively. Our results not only reflected human induced habitat deg-radation, but also revealed an extensive area of intact habitat on the remote slopes of the Bale Mountain＇s southern and southeast- ern escarpments. This study provides an example of the roles that expert knowledge can still play in modem geospatial modeling of wildlife habitat. New geospatial tools, such as the FunConn model, are readily available to wildlife managers and allow them to perform spatial analyses with minimal software, data and training requirements. This approach may be especially useful for species that are obscure to science or when field surveys are not practical .

关键词： expert knowledge FunConn model Habitat mapping Land cover Mountain nyala Wildlife conservation

Optimizing laser coupling,matter heating,and particle acceleration from solids using multiplexed ultraintense lasers

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Matter and Radiation at extremes 2024年第4期9卷 16-28页

作者： Weipeng Yao Motoaki Nakatsutsumi Sébastien Buffechoux Patrizio Antici Marco Borghesi Andrea Ciardi Sophia N.Chen emmanuel d’Humières Laurent Gremillet Robert Heathcote Vojtech Horny paul McKenna Mark N.Quinn Lorenzo Romagnani Ryan Royle Gianluca Sarri Yasuhiko Sentoku Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt Toma Toncian Olivier Tresca Laura Vassura Oswald Willi Julien Fuchs LULI-CNRS CEASorbonne UniversitéEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance Sorbonne Université Observatoire de ParisUniversité PSLCNRSLERMAF-75005 ParisFrance INRS-eMT 1650 BoulLionel-BouletVarennesQuebec J3X 1S2Canada Center for Plasma Physics School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom “Horia Hulubei”National Institute for Physics and Nuclear engineering 30 Reactorului StreetRO-077125 Bucharest-MagureleRomania University of Bordeaux Centre Lasers Intenses et ApplicationsCNRSCEAUMR 5107F-33405 TalenceFrance CeA DAMDIFF-91297 ArpajonFrance Université Paris-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom SUPA Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUnited Kingdom Department of Physics University of NevadaRenoNevada 89557USA Institute of Laser engineering Osaka University2-6 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Institut fur Laser und Plasmaphysik Heinrich Heine Universitat DusseldorfDusseldorfGermany

Realizing the full potential of ultrahigh-intensity lasers for particle and radiation generation will require multi-beam arrangements due to technology ***,we investigate how to optimize their coupling with solid ***,we show that overlapping two intense lasers in a mirror-like configuration onto a solid with a large preplasma can greatly improve the generation of hot electrons at the target front and ion acceleration at the target *** underlying mechanisms are analyzed through multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations,revealing that the self-induced magnetic fields driven by the two laser beams at the target front are susceptible to reconnection,which is one possible mechanism to boost electron *** addition,the resistive magnetic field generated during the transport of the hot electrons in the target bulk tends to improve their *** simulations also indicate that such effects can be further enhanced by overlapping more than two laser beams.

关键词： laser acceleration particle

Antimalarial and analgesic activities of ethanolic leaf extract of Panicum maximum

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第6期4卷 442-446页

作者： Jude e Okokon paul A Nwafor Ukeme e Andrew Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of UyoUyoNigeria

Objective:To evaluate antiplasmodial and analgesic activities of ethanolic leaf extract/ fractions of Panicum ***:The crude leaf extract(47-190 mg/kg) and fractions (chlor of orm,ethyl acqeous and methanol;96 mg/kg) of Panicum maximum were investigated for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei infections in mice and for analgesic activity against chemical and heat-induced *** antiplasmodial activity during early and established infections as well as prophylactic were *** at 5 mg/kg and pyrimethamine at 1.2 mg/kg were used as positive *** activity of the crude extract/fractions was also evaluated against acetic acid,formalin and heat-induced ***:The extract and its fractions dose-dependently reduced parasitaemia induced by chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei infection in prophylactic,suppressive and curative models in *** reductions were statistically significant(Pey also improved the mean survival time from 13 to 28 days compared with control(Pe activities of extract/ fractions were incomparable to that of the standard drugs(Artesunate and pyrimethamine).On chemically and thermally-induced *** extract inhibited acetic acid and formalin-induced inflammation as well as hot plate-induced pain in *** inhibitions were statistically significant(Pe-dependent ***:Panicum maximum leaf extract has antiplasmodial and analgesic activities which may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant.

关键词： Panicum maximum Antiplasmodial Analgesic Plasmodium berghei