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Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Healthcare Waste Incinerators’ Bottom Ash from Five County Hospitals in Kenya

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第3期15卷 318-337页

作者： Muriithi Jackson Githinji paul Mwangi Njogu Zipporah Nganga Mohamed Karama Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (ITROMID) Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Academic Research and Student Affairs South Eastern Kenya University Kitui Kenya Public Health and Epidemiology Umma University Kajiado Kenya

Health-care waste contains potentially harmful microorganisms and compounds which can infect and affect hospital patients, healthcare workers, the general public and environment. Therefore, management of health care waste requires safe handling, treatment and disposal procedures. While incineration reduces the volume and quantity of waste for final disposal, it leads to the production of fly and bottom ashes laden with toxic incomplete combustion products such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), dioxins, furans and heavy metals. This exposes workers who handle and dispose the bottom ashes, hospital patients, the general public and environment. The goal of this study was to determine the total and individual levels of 16 most prevalent and toxic PAHs. Bottom ash samples were collected from incinerators in five county hospitals in Kenya, namely;Moi-Voi, Narok, Kitale, Makindu and Isiolo. Bottom ash samples were collected over a period of six months from the five hospitals. The samples were then sieved, homogenised and stored at 4°C in amber coloured glass containers. The PAHs were extracted using 30 ml of a hexane-acetone solvent (1:1) mixture by ultrasonication at room temperature (23°C) for 45 minutes. The PAHs were then analyzed with a GC-MS spectrophotometer model (Shimadzu GCMS-QP2010 SE) connected to a computer work station was used for the PAHs analysis. The GC-MS was equipped with an SGE BPX5 GC capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm) for the separation of compounds. Helium was used as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 15.5 ml/minute and 14.5 psi. 1 μl of the sample was injected at 280°C, split mode (10:1). The oven programming was set for a total runtime of 40 minutes, which included: 100°C (2-minute hold);10°C /min rise to 200°C;7°C /min rise to 249°C;3°C /min rise to 300°C (2-minute hold). The interface temperature was set at 290°C. Analysis was done in Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) mode and the peak areas of each of the PAHs were collected from

关键词： PAHs GC-MS Healthcare Wastes Disposal Incinerator Bottom Ash

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Development and Application of Integrated Indicators for Assessing Healthcare Waste Management Systems in Kenyan Hospitals

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第4期14卷 1080-1120页

作者： Muriithi Jackson Githinji paul Mwangi Njogu Zipporah Nganga Mohamed Karama Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (ITROMID) Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Academic Research and Student Affairs South Eastern Kenya University Kitui Kenya School of Public Health Amref International University Nairobi Kenya

Healthcare waste management (HCWM) is an important aspect of healthcare delivery globally because of its hazardous and infectious components that have potential for adverse health and environmental impacts. The paper introduces a set of indicators for assessing HCWM systems in hospitals. These indicators are: HCWM policies and standard operating procedures, management and oversight, logistics and budget support, training and occupational health and safety, and treatment, disposal and waste treatment equipment housing. By plotting a mark on a continuum which is defined as good and poor on the extremes and is connected with all other marks in a spoke arrangement, it’s possible to describe a baseline for HCWM in any specific hospital. This baseline can be used to improve awareness of the actors and policy-makers, compare the same hospital at a different point in time, to compare observations by different evaluators and to track improvements. Results suggest that in Kenya, the application of such indicators is useful for evaluating which priorities should be addressed to improve outcomes in HCWM systems. Systematic sampling technique was used to identify and collect data by use of observational checklist, interviews, visual verification and review of documents and a HCWM assessment tool. The objective is to suggest an integrated management tool as a method to identify prevailing problems with a HCWM system. The method can be replicated in other contexts worldwide, with a focus on the developing world. The integrated indicators focus on management of HCW and not its potential impact on human health and environment, an area recognized to be critical for future research.

关键词： Developing Countries HCW Management Indicators Management Tools

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滇金丝猴夜宿树的选择及夜宿地的利用方式

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兽类学报 2024年第1期44卷 37-49页

作者：任宝平吴瑞东黎大勇 paul AGarber 李明海南师范大学生命科学学院热带岛屿生态学教育部重点实验室海南省热带动植物生态学重点实验室海口571158 中国国科学院动物研究所动物生态与保护生物学院重点实验室北京100101 云南大学国际河流与生态学研究院昆明650091 西华师范大学西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室南充637009 Department of Anthropology and Program in Ecology Evolutionand Conservation BiologyUniversity of IllinoisUrbana 61801USA 大理大学国际生物多样性与灵长类保护中心大理671003 中国科学院动物进化与遗传前沿交叉卓越创新中心昆明650223

野生灵长类夜宿地的利用方式可以明确地反映一个物种特有的生境利用方式和生存之道。2003年12月至2004年10月,我们利用可自动脱落GPS无线电项圈对云南省丽江市金丝厂的一个滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)群体的活动进行了持续跟踪记录... 详细信息

野生灵长类夜宿地的利用方式可以明确地反映一个物种特有的生境利用方式和生存之道。2003年12月至2004年10月,我们利用可自动脱落GPS无线电项圈对云南省丽江市金丝厂的一个滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)群体的活动进行了持续跟踪记录。本研究着重于对所研究猴群夜宿树的选择和夜宿地的利用方式的考查,并结合可能影响夜宿地选择和利用的环境因素,比如天气、季节、日均温度等做了系统分析。研究群计有180余只个体,家域面积约27.8 km^(2)。GPS项圈记录到夜宿树的有272个夜晚,由此我们确认了131个夜宿地。其中70个(54.3%)夜宿地仅利用了一次,剩余的则不同程度地多次利用(2~9次)。在这些重复利用的夜宿地中,持续利用同一夜宿点的情形共发生了19次,其中连续3个夜晚在同一夜宿地过夜的现象出现了3次,剩下的16次是连续利用同一夜宿地2次。这种连续利用同一夜宿地的情况占重复利用同一夜宿的7.0%,发生频率不高,而且几乎都出现在冬季(84.0%)。滇金丝猴对于同一夜宿地的重复造访的时间间隔约50 d。一旦发生连续重复利用的情况,猴群当天的移动距离显著缩短(527 m vs.884 m),降低了群体移动所必需的能量消耗。明显地,滇金丝猴夜宿点的选择受其当天下午和第二天早上觅食点的位置的影响。鉴于较大的群体和明显回避夜宿地重复利用的特性,提示这是猴群对家域内食物分布的行为响应,避免对同一地点的过度利用造成食物的不足。采用大量(131个)而分散的夜宿地利用方式会保证猴群能够获得充足的食物供应。此外,相较于其他树种,滇金丝猴更喜欢在云南铁杉(Tsuga dumosa)树上过夜,而且尽量不以夜宿点作为觅食点,可能与卫生和安全有关。

关键词：过夜树夜宿地移动模式滇金丝猴

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Nonlinear Rydberg exciton-polaritons in Cu2O microcavities

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 619-627页

作者： Maxim Makhonin Anthonin Delphan Kok Wee Song paul Walker Tommi Isoniemi Peter Claronino Konstantinos Orfanakis Sai Kiran Rajendran Hamid Ohadi Julian Heckötter Marc Assmann Manfred Bayer Alexander Tartakovskii Maurice Skolnick Oleksandr Kyriienko Dmitry Krizhanovskii Department of Physics and Astronomy University of SheffieldSheffield S37RHUK. Department of Physics and Astronomy University of ExeterStocker RoadExeter EX44PYUK. SUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsSt Andrews KY169SSUK. Fakultät Physik TU DortmundAugust-Schmidt-Straße 444227 DortmundGermany

Rydberg excitons(analogues of Rydberg atoms in condensed matter systems)are highly excited bound electron-hole states with large Bohr *** interaction between them as well as exciton coupling to light may lead to strong optical nonlinearity,with applications in sensing and quantum information ***,we achieve strong effective photon–photon interactions(Kerr-like optical nonlinearity)via the Rydberg blockade phenomenon and the hybridisation of excitons and photons forming polaritons in a Cu2O-filled *** pulsed resonant excitation polariton resonance frequencies are renormalised due to the reduction of the photon-exciton coupling with increasing exciton *** analysis shows that the Rydberg blockade plays a major role in the experimentally observed scaling of the polariton nonlinearity coefficient as∝n4.4±1.8 for principal quantum numbers up to n=*** high principal quantum numbers studied in a polariton system for the first time are essential for realisation of high Rydberg optical nonlinearities,which paves the way towards quantum optical applications and fundamental studies of strongly correlated photonic(polaritonic)states in a solid state system.

关键词： density Rydberg polar

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Targeted therapy for capillary-venous malformations

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第7期9卷 3024-3039页

作者： Lola Zerbib Sophia Ladraa Antoine Fraissenon Charles Bayard Marina Firpion Quitterie Venot Sanela Protic Clément Hoguin Amandine Thomas Sylvie Fraitag Jean-paul Duong Sophie Kaltenbach Estelle Balducci Coline Lefevre Patrick Villarese Vahid Asnafi Christine Broissand Nicolas Goudin Ivan Nemazanyy Gwennhael Autret Bertrand Tavitian Christophe Legendre Nadia Arzouk Veronique Minard-Colin Caroline Chopinet Michael Dussiot Denise MAdams Tristan Mirault Laurent Guibaud paul Isenring Guillaume Canaud UniversitéParis Cité ParisFrance INSERM U1151 Institut Necker-Enfants MaladesParisFrance Service d’Imagerie Pédiatrique Hôpital Femme-Mère-EnfantHCLBronFrance CREATIS UMR 5220 Villeurbanne 69100France Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant Hôpital NordSaint EtienneFrance Service d’Anatomie pathologique Hôpital Necker-Enfants MaladesAP-HPParisFrance Laboratoire d’Oncohématologie Hôpital Necker-Enfants MaladesAP-HPParisFrance Pharmacie Hôpital Necker-Enfants MaladesAP-HPParisFrance Necker Bio-Image Analysis INSERM US24/CNRS UMS 3633ParisFrance Platform for Metabolic Analyses Structure Fédérative de Recherche NeckerINSERM US24/CNRS UMS 3633ParisFrance Plateforme Imageries du Vivant Universitéde ParisPARCCINSERMParisFrance Service de Néphrologie Transplantation AdultesHôpital Necker-Enfants MaladesAP-HPParisFrance Service de Transplantation Hôpital La PitiéSalpétrièreAP-HPParisFrance Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology INSERM 1015Gustave RoussyUniversitéParis-SaclayVillejuifFrance Service de Physiologie&Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires CHU de LilleLille 59000France INSERM U1163 Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic ImplicationsLaboratoire d’Excellence GR-ExParisFrance Division of Oncology Comprehensive Vascular Anomalies ProgramChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Service de Médecine Vasculaire hôpital Européen Georges-PompidouParisFrance Nephrology Research Group L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Research CenterDepartment of MedicineFaculty of MedicineLaval UniversityQuebecQC G1R2J6Canada Unitéde médecine translationnelle et thérapies ciblées Hôpital Necker-Enfants MaladesAP-HPParisFrance CNRS UMR8253 Institut Necker-Enfants MaladesParisFrance

Sporadic venous malformations are genetic conditions primarily caused by somatic gain-of-function mutation of PIK3CA or TEK,an endothelial transmembrane receptor signaling through *** malformations are associated with pain,bleedings,thrombosis,pulmonary embolism,esthetic deformities and,in severe cases,life-threatening *** authorized medical treatment exists for patients with venous ***,we created a genetic mouse model of PIK3CA-related capillary venous malformations that replicates patient *** showed that these malformations only partially signal through AKT *** compared the efficacy of different drugs,including rapamycin,a mTORC1 inhibitor,miransertib,an AKT inhibitor and alpelisib,a PI3Kαinhibitor at improving the lesions seen in the mouse *** demonstrated the effectiveness of alpelisib in preventing vascular malformations’occurrence,improving the already established ones,and prolonging *** these findings,we were authorized to treat 25 patients with alpelisib,including 7 children displaying PIK3CA(n=16)or TEK(n=9)-related capillary venous malformations resistant to usual therapies including sirolimus,debulking surgical procedures or percutaneous *** assessed the volume of vascular malformations using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)for each *** demonstrated improvement in all 25 *** malformations previously considered intractable were reduced and clinical symptoms were *** showed a decrease of 33.4%and 27.8%in the median volume of PIK3CA and TEK malformations respectively,over 6 months on *** conclusion,this study supports PI3Kαinhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy in patients with PIK3CA or TEK-related capillary venous malformations.

关键词： PIK3CA malformations venous

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新型野生食用菌硬皮地星通过RONS介导线粒体依赖途径诱导人急性淋巴细胞白血病细胞的强凋亡（英文）

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2024年第1期 67-77+152页

作者： Amrita Pal Ribhu Ray Anirban Chouni Subhadip Hajra Santanu paul Department of Botany University of Calcutta Department of Cancer Chemoprevention Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute

目标:探讨新型野生食用菌硬皮地星（Astraeus hygrometricus）对人急性淋巴细胞白血病细胞的治疗作用。方法：采用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(MTT)试验，对5种野生菌类（硬皮地星、竹荪、香菇、口蘑和干朽菌）的提取物... 详细信息

目标:探讨新型野生食用菌硬皮地星（Astraeus hygrometricus）对人急性淋巴细胞白血病细胞的治疗作用。方法：采用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(MTT)试验，对5种野生菌类（硬皮地星、竹荪、香菇、口蘑和干朽菌）的提取物针对6种癌细胞系和正常细胞的抗增殖及化学预防的潜力进行了广泛筛选。采用流式细胞术分析细胞凋亡、细胞周期、细胞内活性氧(ROS)和活性氮(RNS)以及线粒体膜电位进行检测。采用比色法测定半胱天冬酶活性，分析线粒体蛋白的表达模式。结果：硬皮地星甲醇提取物的抗增殖活性最强，且MOLT-4细胞系最为敏感。菌类提取物可诱导MOLT-4细胞的强选择性凋亡，并在G0/G1期阻滞细胞周期进程。提取物可破坏线粒体膜电位，增强MOLT-4细胞的ROS生成。甲醇提取物通过下调Bcl-2的表达，增加Bax的表达，以及激活caspase级联反应来诱导细胞凋亡。结论：这种新型野生食用菌为抗白血病药物的开发提供了潜在的生物分子库。

关键词：菌类硬皮地星细胞凋亡抗白血病

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Heterophase junction engineering-induced Co spin-state modulation of CoSe_(2) for large-current hydrogen evolution reaction

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Rare Metals 2024年第6期43卷 2660-2670页

作者： Bao-Chai Xu Ya-Ping Miao Min-Qin Mao Dong-Lian Li Song Xie Wei-Hong Jin Shu Xiao Jing Wen Zaenab Abd-Allah Zhi-Tian Liu Xiang Peng paul K.Chu Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China School of Textile Science and Engineering Xi'an Polytechnic UniversityXi'an 710048China Institute of Advanced Wear and Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Institute of Safety Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China Department of Engineering Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUK Department of Physics Department of Materials Science and Engineeringand Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

Efficient electrocatalysts are vital to large-current hydrogen production in commercial water splitting for green energy ***,a novel heterophase engineering strategy is described to produce polymorphic CoSe_(2)*** composition of the electrocatalysts consisting of both cubic CoSe_(2)(c-CoSe_(2))and orthorhombic CoSe_(2)(o-CoSe_(2))phases can be controlled *** results demonstrate that junction-induced spin-state modulation of Co atoms enhances the adsorption of intermediates and accelerates charge transfer resulting in superior large-current hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)***,the CoSe_(2)based heterophase catalyst with the optimal c-CoSe_(2)content requires an overpotential of merely 240 mV to achieve 1,000 mA·cm^(-2)as well as a Tafel slope of 50.4 mV·dec^(-1).Furthermore,the electrocatalyst can maintain a large current density of 1,500 mA·cm^(-2)for over 320 h without *** results reveal the advantages and potential of heterophase junction engineering pertaining to design and fabrication of low-cost transition metal catalysts for large-current water splitting.

关键词： Heterophase junction Spin-state Hydrogen evolution reaction Large current electrochemical hydrogen production Water splitting

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Surface Metallization of Glass Fiber(GF)/Polyetheretherketone(PEEK) Composite with Cu Coatings Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering and Electroplating

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2024年第1期39卷 213-220页

作者：钟利金凡亚朱剑豪 TONG Honghui DAN Min Southwest Institute of Physics Chengdu 610000China City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee AvenueKowloonHong Kong 999077China

Surface metallization of glass fiber(GF)/polyetheretherketone(PEEK)[GF/PEEK] is conducted by coating copper using electroplating and magnetron sputtering and the properties are determined by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD).The coating bonding strength is assessed by pull-out tests and scribing in accordance with GB/T *** results show that the Cu coating with a thickness of 30 μm deposited on GF/PEEK by magnetron sputtering has lower roughness, finer grain size, higher crystallinity, as well as better macroscopic compressive stress,bonding strength, and electrical conductivity than the Cu coating deposited by electroplating.

关键词： surface metallization Cu coating magnetron sputtering electroplating

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Decision-Making and Management of Self-Care in Persons with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries: A Preliminary Study

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2024年第2期14卷 47-63页

作者： paul E. Plonski Jasmin Vassileva Ryan Shahidi paul B. Perrin William Carter Lance L. Goetz Amber Brochetti James M. Bjork Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center Richmond VA USA Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Spinal Cord Injury Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center Cleveland OH USA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA

Patients and physicians understand the importance of self-care following spinal cord injury (SCI), yet many individuals with SCI do not adhere to recommended self-care activities despite logistical supports. Neurobehavioral determinants of SCI self-care behavior, such as impulsivity, are not widely studied, yet understanding them could inform efforts to improve SCI self-care. We explored associations between impulsivity and self-care in an observational study of 35 US adults age 18 - 50 who had traumatic SCI with paraplegia at least six months before assessment. The primary outcome measure was self-reported self-care. In LASSO regression models that included all neurobehavioral measures and demographics as predictors of self-care, dispositional measures of greater impulsivity (negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance), and reduced mindfulness were associated with reduced self-care. Outcome (magnitude) sensitivity, a latent decision-making parameter derived from computationally modeling successive choices in a gambling task, was also associated with self-care behavior. These results are preliminary;more research is needed to demonstrate the utility of these findings in clinical settings. Information about associations between impulsivity and poor self-care in people with SCI could guide the development of interventions to improve SCI self-care and help patients with elevated risks related to self-care and secondary health conditions.

关键词： Spinal Cord Injury Self-Care Decision-Making Paraplegia Impulsive Behavior Health Care

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众脑之力:通过开放神经影像数据和大规模协作催化神经精神疾病的创新发现

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Science Bulletin 2024年第10期69卷 1536-1555页

作者：鲁彬陈骁 Francisco Xavier Castellanos paul M.Thompson 左西年臧玉峰严超赣 CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science Institute of PsychologyBeijing 100101China Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew York 10016USA d Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research Orangeburg 10962USA Imaging Genetics Center Mark&Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging&InformaticsKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles 90033USA Developmental Population Neuroscience Research Center IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China National Basic Science Data Center Beijing 100190China Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 310004China Institute of Psychological Science Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 310030China Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairment Hangzhou 311121China International Big-Data Center for Depression Research Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Recent advances in open neuroimaging data are enhancing our comprehension of neuropsychiatric *** pooling images from various cohorts,statistical power has increased,enabling the detection of subtle abnormalities and robust associations,and fostering new research *** collaborations in imaging have furthered our knowledge of the neurobiological foundations of brain disorders and aided in imaging-based prediction for more targeted ***-scale magnetic resonance imaging initiatives are driving innovation in analytics and supporting generalizable psychiatric *** also emphasize the significant role of big data in understanding neural mechanisms and in the early identification and precise treatment of neuropsychiatric ***,challenges such as data harmonization across different sites,privacy protection,and effective data sharing must be *** proper governance and open science practices,we conclude with a projection of how large-scale imaging resources and collaborations could revolutionize diagnosis,treatment selection,and outcome prediction,contributing to optimal brain health.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging Neuropsychiatric disorders Big data Open science Artificial intelligence

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