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The Application of Indicators to Assess the Severity of Seasonal Influenza Epidemics in Democratic Republic of Congo, 2015 to 2019

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2022年第1期12卷 1-14页

作者： Saleh Muhemedi paul lusamba Jean-Claude Changachanga Leopold Lubula Edith Nkwembe Pelagie Babakazo Kinshasa School of Public Health Kinshasa University Kinshasa DRC National Institute of Biomedical Researches Ministry of Health Kinshasa DRC Department of Surveillance Disease Ministry of Health Kinshasa DRC

Introduction: Among the lessons learned from the 2009 influenza pandemic was the lack of a robust, standardized method that would allow a timely assessment of the severity of pandemic influenza. To remedy this deficiency, WHO has set up an evaluation tool based on the following indicators: 1) transmissibility, 2) seriousness of disease, and 3) impact of the influenza pandemic. By using this pandemic influenza severity assessment (PISA) tool, this study aimed to evaluate the severity of DRC influenza seasons between 2015 and 2019 to better prepare the country against the possible occurrence of an influenza pandemic. Methods: We performed a secondary data analysis from the DRC Influenza routine surveillance. We only explored the transmissibility among PISA indicators. Results: The results of our study showed that the DRC influenza seasons had two waves. The first went from the 40th week to the 10th week, with a peak at the 50th week, and the second wave ran from the 15th week to the 40th, with a peak at the 19th week. There was an inter-wave period between the 10th and 15th weeks. Of all the studied seasons, 42.8% were characterized by low intensity, 33.3% by moderate intensity, 19.0% by high intensity, and 4.8% by extraordinary intensity. Conclusion: The use of the PISA transmissibility indicator has contributed to better understanding influenza seasons in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

关键词： PISA Influenza DRC

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Epidemiological, Clinical and Virological Profiles of Influenza Infection in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, from 2009 to 2018

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2022年第3期12卷 329-342页

作者： Saleh Muhemedi paul lusamba Edith Nkwembe Leopold Lubula Leonie Manya Pélagie Babakazo Antoinette Tshefu Kinshasa School of Public Health University of Kinshasa Kinshasa The Democratic Republic of Congo National Institute for Biomedical Research Ministry of Health Hygiene and Prevention Kinshasa The Democratic Republic of Congo Directorate of Epidemiological Surveillance Ministry of Health Hygiene and Prevention Kinshasa The Democratic Republic of Congo

Background: To better understand the epidemiological characteristic of influenza infection, the Democratic Republic of Congo set up the sentinel influenza surveillance system in 2007 with eleven health facilities. Oral and nasopharyngeal specimens were sampled from outpatients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and inpatients with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) using case definitions. Those specimens were shipped to the Influenza National Laboratory for testing with the real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. This study aimed to describe ILI and SARI patients’ epidemiological, clinical, and virological profiles. Material and Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study based on a documentary review of suspected notified influenza cases from January 2009 to December 2018. As variables, we exploited sex, age, symptoms, sentinel site of provenance, patient category, viral type and subtype identified, and period of health facility visit. Results: Of 18,461 notified cases, 1795 (9.7%) were positive for the Influenza virus, among them;53.1% of patients under five years old;68% of type A virus, 31.5% of type B;21% of SARI positive vs. 79% for ILI positive cases. The majority of cases occurred during the rainy season. Conclusion: The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the influenza infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

关键词： Sentinel Surveillance Influenza DRC

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