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同情

疯狂英语（阅读版） 2010年第8期 54-55页

作者： paul laurence dunbar 娅楠

哎，我了解笼中鸟的感受！当太阳照在山坡上；当微风轻轻吹拂飞速生长的草儿，而河流如一弯玻璃浆液流淌；

关键词：《同情》英语学习学习方法阅读

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诺言

语言教育 1999年第7期 14-15页

作者： paul laurence dunbar 汤海滨

关键词：玫瑰蔷薇属

A close look at Nauru’s ecosystem

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疯狂英语（新读写） 2018年第3期 15-15页

作者： paul laurence dunbar

The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful *** it is an ecological disaster ***’s heartbreaking story could have one good consequence-other countries might learn from its *** thousands of years,Polynesian people lived in the remote island of Nauru,far from western *** first European to arrive was John Fearn in *** was the British captain of the Hunter,a whaling *** called the island Pleasant Island.

关键词： A close look at Nauru’s ecosystem

Cardiac Surgery at Yaoundé General Hospital by a Local Team: Activity Report from September 2022 to January 2024

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2024年第6期14卷 87-94页

作者： laurence Carole Ngo Yon Charles Mve Mvondo Hermann Nestor Tsague Kengni Zephanie Kobe Fokalbo Sépolin Lowe Mireille Dakleu Alain Patrick Menanga William Ngatchou Djomo Vincent De paul Djientcheu Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Yaound General Hospital Yaound Cameroon Department of Surgery and Specialities Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound Yaound Cameroon Department of Surgery and Specialities Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound Yaound Cameroon

Introduction: The practice of cardiac surgery (CS) in sub-Saharan Africa faces a number of challenges. We report on the surgical activities of the first 17 months of the program launched at the Yaoundé General Hospital (YGH), describing the types of interventions and the early results. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study including patients who underwent CS from September 2022 to January 2024 at the YGH. Clinical, operative and postoperative data were collected and analysed retrospectively by R software. Results: A total of 37 patients underwent CS during the study period, divided into 23 (62.2%) open-heart and 14 (37.8%) closed-heart cases. Males predominated (sex ratio 1.17). The median age and interquartile range (IQR) were 36 years (9 - 51). Isolated valve surgery, in 15 (40.5%) cases, was the most common procedure in open-heart surgery cases. Closed-heart surgery involved closure of the patent ductus arteriosus in 9 (24.3%) cases, coronary artery bypass grafting in 3 (8.1%) cases, and pericardectomy in 2 (5.4%) cases. The median duration of extracorporeal circulation and aortic cross-clamping was 101 min (IQR 84 - 143) and 74 min (IQR 54 - 112) respectively. The median duration of mechanical ventilation was 2 hours (IQR 2 - 3). The median intensive care unit stay and median hospital stay were 2 days (IQR 2 - 3) and 7 days (IQR 5 - 8) respectively. Operative mortality was 2 (5.4%). Conclusion: Cardiac surgery remains a major challenge for African populations. The early results achieved by the local team are satisfactory. An increase in surgical activity should be strongly encouraged to facilitate local training and ensure the sustainability of the activity.

关键词： Cardiac Surgery Sub-Saharan Africa Cameroon

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面具下的悲歌

海外英语 2005年第10期 41-页

作者： paul laurence dunbar

　　[诗歌风格]　　邓巴写诗注意向黑人民谣学习,善于运用黑人土语.诗作质朴简洁,颇见才华.但作为一个黑人诗人,邓巴有着自己的难言之隐.他自信有才华,但又意识到自己的黑皮肤;他既对社会的不公平、对黑人的遭遇怀有义愤,但又不敢得罪... 详细信息

　　[诗歌风格]　　邓巴写诗注意向黑人民谣学习,善于运用黑人土语.诗作质朴简洁,颇见才华.但作为一个黑人诗人,邓巴有着自己的难言之隐.他自信有才华,但又意识到自己的黑皮肤;他既对社会的不公平、对黑人的遭遇怀有义愤,但又不敢得罪白人社会;他既想呐喊,却又渴望博得白人上层社会的青睐.由于有这样一些难以解决的内心矛盾,做诗时难免不出现思想情绪上的动荡不定.他有时谴责奴隶制度,有时却又把种植园美化成人间乐园;有时把种族矛盾写得触目惊心,有时却又把白黑种族和谐写得令人神往.无法摆脱的矛盾使他极度痛苦,他把自己比做忍痛唱歌的鸟儿,比做心脏流血却强颜欢笑的假面人.这里的这首(WeWear the Mask,1896)就表达了作者这样一种矛盾痛苦的心情.……

关键词：种族矛盾黑人思想情绪诗歌风格上层社会奴隶制度内心矛盾白人种植园成人间自信运用意向意识学习心脏土语诗作诗人皮肤

The Specimen Data Refinery:A Canonical Workflow Framework and FAIR Digital Object Approach to Speeding up Digital Mobilisation of Natural History Collections

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Data Intelligence 2022年第2期4卷 320-341页

作者： Alex Hardisty paul Brack Carole Goble laurence Livermore Ben Scott Quentin Groom Stuart Owen Stian Soiland-Reyes School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff UniversityCardiff CF243AAUK The Department of Computer Science The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK The Natural History Museum London SW75BDUK Meise Botanic Garden 1860 MeiseBelgium Informatics Institute Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Amsterdam1090 GH AmsterdamThe Netherlands

A key limiting factor in organising and using information from physical specimens curated in natural science collections is making that information computable,with institutional digitization tending to focus more on imaging the specimens themselves than on efficiently capturing computable data about *** data are traditionally manually transcribed today with high cost and low throughput,rendering such a task constrained for many collection-holding institutions at current funding *** show how computer vision,optical character recognition,handwriting recognition,named entity recognition and language translation technologies can be implemented into canonical workflow component libraries with findable,accessible,interoperable,and reusable(FAIR)*** libraries are being developed in a cloudbased workflow plaform-the Specimen Data Refinery'(SDR)-founded on Galaxy workflow engine,Common Workflow Language,Research Object Crates(RO-Crate)and WorkflowHub *** SDR can be applied to specimens'labels and other artefacts,offering the prospect of greatly accelerated and more accurate data capture in computable *** kinds of FAIR Digital Objects(FDO)are created by packaging outputs of SDR workflows and workflow components as digital objects with metadata,a persistent identifier,and a specific type *** first kind of FDO are computable Digital Specimen(DS)objects that can be consumed/produced by workflows,and other applications.A single DS is the input data structure submitted to a workflow that is modified by each workflow component in turn to produce a refined DS at the *** Specimen Data Refinery provides a library of such components that can be used individually,or in *** cofunction,each library component describes the fields it requires from the DS and the fields it will in turn populate or *** second kind of FDO,RO-Crates gather and archive the diverse set of digital and real-world resources,configurations,a

关键词： Digital Specimen Workflow FAIR Digital Object RO-Crate

Kinase inhibitors:look beyond the label on the bottle

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2019年第4期2卷 1032-1043页

作者： paul Dent Andrew Poklepovic laurence Booth John F.Hancock Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology1 Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298-0035USA Department of Medicine Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298-0035USA Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology University of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonTX 77030USA

The majority of scientists working in the field of cancer experimental therapeutics recognize that many drugs that claim to be“specific”for one target enzyme in fact regulate to varying degrees the activities of other additional protein *** of these targets are known and are recognized as being an essential component of a drug’s ***,many other targets fall into the category of“unknown unknowns”.Thus,the collective therapeutic outcome for almost all clinically relevant drugs is reliant on both the claimed primary and secondary“on”targets as well as some of the unexpected unknown“off”*** review discusses the biology of several FDA approved cancer therapeutic drugs whose initial reported targets only represented the tip-of-the-iceberg in terms of how each agent acted as an anti-tumor *** review also discusses a putative thorough pre-visualization methodology for drug-based research,prior to executing any wet *** approaches should be performed in an agnostic fashion and be based in part on the clinically safe drug’s C max and its area under the curve in a *** on tumor heterogeneity,considerations of how to approach developmental therapeutics in the age of“personalized medicine”are also discussed.

关键词： Autophagy histone deacetylase chaperone cancer

Epidemiological profiles of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infections in Malian women:Risk factors and relevance of disparities

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World Journal of Hepatology 2013年第4期5卷 196-205页

作者： Nouhoum Bouare Andre Gothot Jean Delwaide Sebastien Bontems Dolores Vaira laurence Seidel paul Gerard Christiane Gerard Department of Clinical Biology Laboratory HematologyImmuno-Hematology and AIDS Reference Laboratory B35Centre Hospitalier UniversitaireUniversité de Liège4000 LiègeBelgium Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Centre Hospitalier UniversitaireUniversité de Liège4000 LiègeBelgium Department of Public Health(Biostatistics) Centre Hospitalier UniversitaireUniversité de Liège4000 LiègeBelgium Institute of Mathematics Université de Liège4000 LiègeBelgium

AIM:To document the epidemiologic patterns and risk factors of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)infections in Mali in order to develop prevention means for both ***:Two prospective studies were conducted in Bamako in 2009 among 1000 pregnant women(i.e.,young women)who consulted six reference health centers,and in 2010,among 231 older women who attended general practice in two *** tests and molecular analysis(performed only for HCV)were used to quantify the frequencies of both *** data were collected from patients recruited through a *** risk factors of both diseases were identified by univariate and multivariate ***:HCV seroprevalence was 0.2% for young and 6.5% for older *** prevalence was similar in both populations(4.1% vs 6.1%).In older women,the analysis of risk factors highlighted an association between HCV infection and episodes of hospitalization(P < 0.01).The study did not show an association between HIV infection and the variables such as hospitalization,transfusion,tattoo,dental care,and endoscopy.A significant decrease of HIV seroprevalence was detected in young women who used condoms for contraception more than for other purposes(P < 0.01).By contrast,HIV seroprevalence was significantly increased in young women using condoms mainly to prevent sexual infections rather than for contraception(P < 0.01).No HCV/HIV coinfection was detected in our ***:Risk factors and epidemiologic data of HIV and HCV as well as the absence of co-infection strongly suggest epidemiological disparities between these diseases.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Human immunodeficiency virus Epidemiology Risk factors Women Mali Bamako

Speaker and Hearer in Neo-Gricean Pragmatics

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外国语 2006年第4期29卷 2-26页

作者： laurence R.Horn Yale University

现代词汇语用学研究可追溯到JimMcCawley1978年发表的“会话含义与词汇”一文。该文深入探讨了格莱斯含意推导机制对于词项结构和用法的制约作用及其具体方式。然而早在一个世纪之前,Hermannpaul(1880)通过对一系列结构的分析指出,这些... 详细信息

现代词汇语用学研究可追溯到JimMcCawley1978年发表的“会话含义与词汇”一文。该文深入探讨了格莱斯含意推导机制对于词项结构和用法的制约作用及其具体方式。然而早在一个世纪之前,Hermannpaul(1880)通过对一系列结构的分析指出,这些结构的形式和分布特点反映了两种操控会话的功能原则的阴阳互动,一种是(以言者需求为基础的)精减表达的倾向——后来成为Zipf最少努力原则的语言表达体现,而另一种则是(以听者需求为基础的)提供足够信息的交际需求。这种功能原则的辩证对立后来发展成为Zipf和Martinet的言者经济和听者经济的阴阳对立,以及Grice合作原则下数量准则的两个次准则(使言语表达尽可能提供所要求的信息/不要提供超出需求之外的信息)的对立互动。而从两个次准则又衍生了荷恩(1984)的数量原则和关联原则(基本上等于“说的足够多”/“不要说太多”)的对立互动,以及关联理论中努力和效果间的阴阳互动(Sperber&Wilson1986;Carston2002)。paul和Grice所主张的语用原则间的阴阳互动渗透到整个语言系统中的各个层次,比如在功能语音学中,发声“懒惰”和听觉清晰两方面的动态平衡就突出表现了这种阴阳互动关系,而该文所要重点探讨的就是这种阴阳互动对心理词汇所形成的影响。自从McCawley的开创性论文发表以来,词汇化在很大程度上受到语用原则的导引这一点已逐渐成为明显的事实,如ElizabethTraugott等人的研究就说明了新格莱斯推导机制在语义变化中的作用。除了说明词汇化的语用限制(以数量原则为基础)以外,该文还探讨了言者经济原则(数量原则)和听者经济原则(关联原则)的阴阳互动在横组合缩减、词义扩展/缩小、委婉、加强否定,以及词汇复制结构及其跨语言的对应结构等语言现象中的体现。最后,在(以言者需求为基础的)“避免同义词”原则和(以听者需求为基础的)“避免同形异义词”原则的互补互动研究的基础上,作者提出,词汇语用学的共时、历时和习得研究为自然语言语义的新格莱斯二元图景提供了有力的支持。

关键词：语用负荷的分担新格莱斯语用学数量原则关联原则避免同义词避免同形异义词