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The Effects of a Four-Week Neuromuscular Training Program on Landing Kinematics in Pre-and Post-Peak Height Velocity Male Athletes

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journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第1期3卷 37-46页

作者： paul j.read jon L.Oliver Ian j.Dobbs Megan A.Wong Nakul Tumkur Anil Kumar Rhodri S.Lloyd Institute of Sport Exercise and HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK School of Sport and Exercise University of GloucestershireGloucesterUK School of Sport and Health Sciences Cardiff Metropolitan UniversityCardiffUK Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand(SPRINZ)AUT UniversityAuckland Centre for Sport Science and Human Performance Waikato Institute of TechnologyHamiltonNew Zealand

Purpose Neuromuscular training aims to enhance motor skill competency and increase muscle ***,the effectiveness of short-duration interventions focused on addressing lower limb injury risk factors in male youth athletes at different stages of maturity remains *** Forty-eight young male academy cricket players[pre-peak height velocity(PHV)(n=26)and post-PHV(n=22)]were subdivided into an experimental group(EXP)who completed a 4-week progressive neuromuscular training program and controls(CON)participating in sport training *** in injury risk were examined using the Tuck jump Assess-ment(TjA)and Landing Error Scoring System(LESS).Results Total LESS score was significantly lower in both EXP maturity groups compared to CON following the 4-week program(10 to 6 and 6 to 4(~20%to 40%))in the pre-and post-PHV EXP groups,*** within-group reductions in total LESS score were shown for the pre-PHV EXP group only(PjA total score were shown in post-PHV(5 to 3;40%)versus pre-PHV EXP(6 to 4.5;26%).Pre-PHV players showed positive changes in individual LESS criteria indicative of frontal plane control but not in knee valgus during the TjA,whereas post-PHV players did improve this *** This study indicates it is possible to reduce TjA and LESS scores in male youth athletes by performing a 4-week neuromuscular training program,improving landing mechanics and reducing injury risk irrespective of maturity,but their effects are somewhat influenced by stage of maturation and the task performed.

关键词： Injury risk Maturation Landing

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Utility of Kinetic and Kinematic jumping and Landing Variables as Predictors of Injury Risk: A Systematic Review

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journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2020年第4期2卷 287-304页

作者： jason S.Pedley Rhodri S.Lloyd paul j.read Isabel S.Moore Mark De Ste Croix Gregory D.Myer jon L.Oliver Youth Physical Development Centre Cardiff Metropolitan UniversityCardiffUK Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand AUT UniversityAucklandNew Zealand Centre for Sport Science and Human Performance Waikato Institute of TechnologyWaikatoNew Zealand Institute of Sport Exercise and HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK School of Sport and Exercise University of GloucestershireGloucesterUK Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences Cardiff Metropolitan UniversityCardiffUK School of Sport and Exercise University of GloucestershireCheltenhamUK The SPORT Center Division of Sports MedicineCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA Departments of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Emory Sport Performance and Research Center Flowery BranchAtlantaGAUSA Emory Sports Medicine Center AtlantaGAUSA Department of Orthopaedics Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention WalthamMAUSA

Purpose jump-landing assessments provide a means to quantify an individual’s ability to attenuate ground reaction forces,generate lower limb explosive power and maintain joint *** order to identify risk factors that can be targeted through appropriate training interventions,it is necessary to establish which(scalar)objective kinetic,kinematic,and performance measures are most associated with lower-extremity *** Online searches of MEDLINE,SCOPUS,EBSCOHost,SPORTDiscus and PubMed databases were completed for all articles published before March 2020 in accordance with PRISMA *** 40 articles investigating nine jump-landing assessments were included in this *** 79%of studies using drop jump(n=14)observed an association with future injury,while only 8%of countermovement jump studies(n=13)observed an association with injury *** 57%of studies using unilateral assessments found associations with risk of injury(n=14).Studies using performance measures(jump height/distance)as outcome measure were only associated with injury risk in 30%of ***,those using kinetic and/or kinematic analyses(knee abduction moment,knee valgus angle,knee separation distance,peak ground reaction force)found associations with injury in 89%of *** The landing element of jump-landing assessments appears to be superior for identifying individuals at greater risk of injury;likely due to a closer representation of the injury ***,jump-landing assessments that involve attenuation of impact forces such as the drop jump appear most suited for this purpose but should involve assessment of frontal plane knee motion and ground reaction forces.

关键词： Plyometric Screening Anterior cruciate ligament Lower-extremity

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The Influence of Biological Maturity on Dynamic Force-Time Variables and Vaulting Performance in Young Female Gymnasts

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journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2020年第4期2卷 319-329页

作者： Sylvia Moeskops jon L.Oliver paul j.read john B.Cronin Gregory D.Myer G.Gregory Haff Isabel S.Moore Rhodri S.Lloyd Youth Physical Development Centre Cardiff School of Sport and Health SciencesCardiff Metropolitan UniversityCyncoed CampusCyncoed RoadCardiffCF52YBUK Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand(SPRINZ) AUT UniversityAuckland 1142New Zealand Centre for Sport Science and Human Performance Waikato Institute of TechnologyHamilton 3240New Zealand Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine HospitalDohaQatar Division of Sports Medicine Cincinnati Children’s HospitalCincinnatiOH45229USA Department of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 45267USA The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention WalthamMA 02453USA Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and Its Prevention(ACRISP) Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia University of Gloucestershire GloucesterGL502RHUK

Purpose This cross-sectional study investigated dynamic force-time variables and vaulting performance in young female gymnasts of different maturity *** 120 gymnasts aged 5-14 years were sub-divided into maturity groupings using percent of predicted adult height(%PAH)*** performed three jumping protocols,the squat jump(Sj),countermovement jump(CMj)and drop jump(Dj),before completing straight jump vaults that were recorded using two-dimensional *** jumping performance improved with biological maturity evidenced by the most mature gymnasts’producing sig-nificantly more absolute force(P0.78),impulse(P0.75)and power(P0.91)than the least mature group,resulting in the greater jump heights(P0.70).While,no significant differences were observed in relative peak force across multiple tests,measures of relative peak power did significantly increase with *** upon regression analyses,maturation was found to influence vertical take-off velocity during vaulting,explaining 41%of the variance in each jumping *** all tests,the Dj was found to have the highest predictive ability of vaulting vertical take-off velocity,explaining 55%of the total *** Biological maturation impacts jump height and underpinning mechanical variables in young female *** vertical take-off velocity appears to be influenced by maturation and various dynamic force-time variables,par-ticularly those during Dj,which had the highest explained total variance.

关键词： Youth Maturation Squat jump Countermovement jump Drop jump Gymnastics

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Surface engineering with ionic polymers on membranes for boron removal

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 61-69页

作者： Xiting Zhang Chenyi Fang j paul Chen Sui Zhang Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117576Singapore Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 119260Singapore College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Removal of boric acid from seawater and wastewater using reverse osmosis membrane technologies is imperative and yet remains inadequately addressed by current commercial *** research efforts performed post-modification of reverse osmosis membranes to enhance boron rejection,which is usually accompanied by substantial sacrifice in water *** study delves into the surface engineering of low-pressure reverse osmosis membranes,aiming to elevate boron removal efficiency while maintaining optimal salt rejection and water *** were modified by the self-polymerization and co-deposition of dopamine and polystyrene sulfonate at varying ratios and *** surfaces became smoother and more hydrophilic after *** optimum membrane exhibited a water permeability of 9.2±0.1 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)·bar^(-1),NaCl rejection of 95.8%±0.3%,and boron rejection of 49.7%±0.1% and 99.6%±0.3% at neutral and alkaline pH,*** water permeability is reduced by less than 15%,while the boron rejection is 3.7 times higher compared to the blank *** research provides a promising avenue for enhancing boron removal in reverse osmosis membranes and addressing water quality concerns in the desalination process.

关键词： membrane low-pressure reverse osmosis boron surface engineering

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A vectorial model for the nonlinear gradient force exerted on metallic Rayleigh nanoparticles

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第2期22卷 207-213页

作者：朱政张聿全闵长俊 Aurèle j.LAdam H.paul Urbach 袁小聪 Research Center for Humanoid Sensing Research Institute of Intelligent SensingZhejiang LabHangzhou 311100China Nanophotonics Research Center Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics&State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous IntegrationShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Optics Research Group ImPhys DepartmentFaculty of Applied SciencesDelft University of TechnologyDelft 2628 CJThe Netherlands

Optical tweezers have proved to be a powerful tool with a wide range of *** gradient force plays a vital role in the stable optical trapping of *** scalar method is convenient and effective for analyzing the gradient force in traditional optical ***,when the third-order nonlinear effect of the nano-object is stimulated,the scalar method cannot adequately present the optical response of the metal nanoparticle to the external optical ***,we propose a theoretical model to interpret the nonlinear gradient force using the vector *** combining the optical Kerr effect,the polarizability vector of the metallic nanoparticle is derived.A quantitative analysis is obtained for the gradient force as well as for the optical potential *** vector method yields better agreement with reported experimental *** suggest that this method could lead to a deeper understanding of the physics relevant to nonlinear optical trapping and binding phenomena.

关键词： gradient forces nonlinear effect metallic nanoparticles

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Quasi-static and dynamic compressive behaviour of additively manufactured Menger fractal cube structures

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第7期37卷 39-49页

作者： Damith Mohotti Dakshitha Weerasinghe Madhusha Bogahawaththa Hongxu Wang Kasun Wijesooriya paul jHazell School of Engineering and Technology UNSWCanberraACT2600Australia School of Civil Mining and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia

This paper presents the first-ever investigation of Menger fractal cubes'quasi-static compression and impact *** cubes with different void ratios were 3D printed using polylactic acid(PLA)with dimensions of 40 mm×40 mm×40 *** different orders of Menger cubes with different void ratios were considered,namely M1 with a void ratio of 0.26,M2 with a void ratio of 0.45,and M3with a void ratio of ***-static Compression tests were conducted using a universal testing machine,while the drop hammer was used to observe the behaviour under impact *** fracture mechanism,energy efficiency and force-time histories were *** the structured nature of the void formation and predictability of the failure modes,the Menger geometry showed some promise compared to other alternatives,such as foams and *** the increasing void ratio,the Menger geometries show force-displacement behaviour similar to hyper-elastic materials such as rubber and *** third-order Menger cubes showed the highest energy absorption efficiency compared to the other two geometries in this *** findings of the present work reveal the possibility of using additively manufactured Menger geometries as an energy-efficient system capable of reducing the transmitting force in applications such as crash barriers.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Fractal geometries Menger cube Energy absorption Quasi-static

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Effects of pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides on reared black soldier fly larvae(Hermetia illucens)

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 817-834页

作者： Nathan Meijer Lisa Zoet Theo de Rijk paul Zomer Deborah Rjkers H.j.van der Fels-Klerx joop j.A.van Loon Wageningen Food Safety Research(WFSR) Part of Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands Bestico B.V. Industrieweg 6Berkel en RodenrjsThe Netherlands Plant Sciences Group Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityWageningenTheNetherlands

Black soldier fly larvae(Hermetia illucens)receive growing interest as a potential alternative animal feed *** insects may be exposed to insecticide residues in the rearing *** study aimed to investigate the effects of six different pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides on this insect species'*** toxicity of two"model"substances for each of these classes(cypermethrin;pirimiphosmethyl)was quantified,with and without the synergist piperonyl butoxide(PBO).Critical effect doses corresponding to 10%yield(CED10)for cypermethrin(0.4 mg/kg)and pirimiphos-methyl(4.8 mg/kg)were *** addition of PBO to cypermethrin enhanced its relative potency with a factor *** data were compared against the relative toxicity of two analogue substances in each class(permethrin,deltamethrin;chlorpyrifosmethyl,malathion).Results suggest that exposure to concentrations complying with legal limits can cause significant reductions in *** to multiple substances at lower concentrations resulted in negative additive and synergistic *** the tested substances,deltamethrin was most toxic,causing 94%yield at 0.5 mg/*** results suggested that transfer of tested substances to the larval biomass was substance-and concentration-specific,but appeared to be correlated to reduced yields and the presence of *** of organophosphates was overall low(justing legally allowed maximum residue levels in insect feed.

关键词： feed insects pesticides rearing substrate

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Long-term Integration Ability of the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite(SWAS)Spectral Line Receivers

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 315-322页

作者： Bing-Ru Wang Di Li paul F.Goldsmith jingwen Wu Chao-Wei Tsai Rudolf Schieder Gary j.Melnick National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311100China jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91109USA Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China KOSMA I.Physik.InstitutUniversität zu KölnZülpicher Str.7750937 KölnGermany Center for Astrophysics|Harvard&Smithsonian 60 Garden StreetMS 66CambridgeMA 02138USA

The Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite(SWAS)was the first space telescope capable of high spectral resolution observations of terahertz spectral *** have investigated the integration ability of its two receivers and spectrometer during five and a half years of on-orbit *** CI,O_(2),H_(2)O,and^(13)CO spectra taken toward all observed Galactic sources were *** present results are based on spectra with a total integration time of up to 2.72×10~4hr(■10~8s).The noise in the spectra is generally consistent with that expected from the radiometer equation,without any sign of approaching a noise *** noise performance reflects the extremely stable performance of the passively cooled front end as well as other relevant components in the SWAS instrument throughout its mission lifetime.

关键词： telescopes space vehicles:instruments instrumentation:miscellaneous ISM:lines and bands

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Legal and Ethical Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence

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International Relations and Diplomacy 2024年第4期12卷 139-146页

作者： paul j.Morrow Husson University BangorUSA

People are enormously nervous about Artificial *** many are constructive and want to move forward,many want more answers from a business perspective,a legal perspective,and an economic *** today,another class action lawsuit was filed in *** paper will address concerns and hopefully help you understand Artificial Intelligence *** these perspectives,you may decide how you feel and think about Artificial Intelligence based on the information presented in this paper and other research.

关键词： artificial intelligence hallucinations privacy data analytics

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Enhancements to Modified Chebyshev-Picard Iteration Efficiency for Perturbed Orbit Propagation

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2016年第1期111卷 29-64页

作者： B.Macomber A.B.Probe R.Woollands j.read j.L.junkins Texas A&M University College StationTXUSA.

Modified Chebyshev Picard Iteration is an iterative numerical method for solving linear or non-linear ordinary differential *** a serial computational environment the method has been shown to compete with,or outperform,current state of practice numerical *** paper presents several improvements to the basic method,designed to further increase the computational efficiency of solving the equations of perturbed orbit propagation.

关键词： Astrodynamics Orbit Propagation Cheybshev Polynomials Picard Iteration.

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