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Empowering local research ethics review of antibacterial mass administration research

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第5期11卷 1-13页

作者： Nelson K.Sewankambo paul Kutyabami Department of Medicine School of MedicineCollege of Health SciencesMakerere UniversityP.O.Box 7072KampalaUganda Department of Pharmacy School of Health SciencesCollege of Health SciencesMakerere UniversityP.O.Box 7072KampalaUganda

Background::Recent studies using mass drug administration(MDA)of antibiotics to entire communities have focused global attention on the unique ethical challenges of MDA of antibiotics in research and public health ***,there is no specific guidance for Research Ethics Committees(RECs)or Institutional Review Boards(IRBs)to review such *** surveyed the literature to identify the unique ethical challenges and to strengthen the competencies of RECs or IRBs in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs)in their ethical reviews of these ***::We employed a desk *** searched PubMed,Web of Science,and google Scholar,combining terms for"mass drug administration"with terms for"research ethics committees,""institutional review boards,"and"ethics."We reviewed citations of search results to retrieve additional *** articles published and indexed in the above databases up to 6 January 2022 in English were ***(without full articles),books and articles that had exclusive veterinary and environmental focus were *** synthesized the literature to identify particularly challenging ethical issues relevant to antibacterial MDA trials in ***::The most challenging ethical issues can be categorised into four broad domains:determining the social value of MDA,assessing risks and benefits,engaging all stakeholders meaningfully,and study design-related ethical *** four domains interact and impact each ***,they reveal the need for RECs/IRBs to review MDA studies through a broader lens than that of clinical trials per *** our findings,we propose a framework to guide the RECs and IRBs in LMICs to perform the initial and continuing review of antibiotic MDA *** also recommend strengthening the competencies of LMIC RECs or IRBs through ongoing training and collaboration with RECs or IRBs from high-income ***::REC/IRB review of research using MDA of antibiotics plays a critic

关键词： Antibiotic Mass drug administration Ethics Review Committee Ethics Review Institutional Review Board Empowerment guidance Trials

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A PERISHABLE INVENTORY SYSTEM WITH SERVICE FACILITIES, MAP ARRIVALS AND PH- SERVICE TIMES

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2007年第1期16卷 62-73页

作者： paul MANUEL B. SIVAKUMAR g. ARIVARIgNAN Department of Information Science Kuwait University Kuwait. Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics School of Mathematics Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai Tamilnadu India

We consider a continuous review perishable （s,S） inventory system with a service facility consisting of a waiting hall of finite capacity and a single server. We assume two types of customers, ordinary and negative, arrive according to a Markovian Arrival Process （MAP）. An ordinary customer joins the queue and a negative customer instead of joining the queue removes one ordinary customer from the queue. The removal rule adopted in this paper is RCE （removal of a customer from the end）. The individual customer＇s unit demand is satisfied after a random time of service which is assumed to have a phase-type distribution. The life time of each item and the lead time of the reorders have been assumed to be independent exponential distributions. The joint probability distribution of the number of customers in the system and the inventory level is obtained for the steady state case. Various stationary system performance measures are computed and the total expected cost rate is calculated. The results are illustrated numerically.

关键词： Stochastic inventory Markovian demands service facility positive lead time negative customers

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Protective effects of trilinolein extracted from Panax notoginseng against cardiovascular disease

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2002年第12期23卷 104-109页

作者： paul CHAN,g Neil THOMAS,Brian TOMLINSON Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Taipei Medical College Affiliated Taipei Wan Fang Hospital Taipei China Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin NT Hong Kong SAR China Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin NT Hong Kong SAR China

Trilinolein is a triacylglycerol purified from a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine Panax notoginseng. Trilinolein has been reported to provide a number of beneficial effects including reducing thrombogenicity and arrhythmias and increasing erythrocyte deformability. Additionally, trilinolein has been reported to be an antioxidant, which can counteract free radical damage associated with atherogenesis, and myocardial damage seen with is-chaemia and reperfusion. These pharmacologic effects may explain the perceived benefits derived from treating circulatory disorders with the herb over the centuries.

关键词： antioxidants cardiovascular system Chinese traditional medicine trilinolein Panax notoginseng

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Reduced upper limb lean mass on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry predicts adverse outcomes in male liver transplant recipients

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World Journal of Transplantation 2022年第6期12卷 120-130页

作者： Penelope Hey Rudolf Hoermann paul gow Timothy P Hanrahan Adam g Testro Ross Apostolov Marie Sinclair Liver Transplant Unit Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084Australia Department of Medicine University of MelbourneMelbourne 3052Australia

BACKgROUND Pre-transplant muscle wasting measured by computed tomography has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes after liver transplantation including increased rates of sepsis and hospitalisation *** limb lean mass(LM)measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA)was recently identified as a novel predictor of sarcopenia-associated mortality in men waitlisted for *** To investigate the use of DEXA LM in predicting gender-stratified early posttransplant *** Liver transplant recipients who underwent pre-transplant DEXA body composition imaging between 2002 and 2017 were *** included posttransplant mortality and graft failure,bacterial infections,acute cellular rejection(ACR)and intensive care and total hospital length of *** Four hundred and sixty-nine patients met inclusion criteria of which 338 were male(72%).Median age was 55.0 years(interquartile range 47.4,59.7)and model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score *** time from assessment to transplantation was 7 mo(3.5,12).Upper limb LM was inversely associated with bacterial infections at 180 d post-transplant(hazard ratio=0.42;95%confidence interval:0.20-0.89;P=0.024)in males *** was a negative correlation between upper limb LM and intensive care(τb=-0.090,P=0.015)and total hospital length of stay(τb=-0.10,P=0.0078)in *** women,neither MELD nor body composition parameters were associated with post-transplant adverse outcomes or increased length of *** composition parameters,MELD and age were not associated with 90-d mortality or graft failure in either *** were no significant predictors of early *** Sarcopenia is an independent and potentially modifiable predictor of increased post-transplant bacterial infections and hospital length of stay in men with *** upper limb LM provides a novel measure of muscle wasting that has prognostic value in this *** lack of association in women req

关键词： Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry Sarcopenia Body composition Liver transplantation Survival

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Retro Placental Hematoma: Maternal and Fetal Prognosis at the Maternity of the University Hospital of Bouake

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and gynecology 2024年第1期14卷 44-56页

作者： Samake Yaya Djanhan Lydie Estelle Menin-Messou Benie Michele Kouadio Kouadio Narcisse Akanji Iburaima Alamun M’bro Clausen georgie Boko Dagoun Dagbesse Elysee Camara Sokhona N’guessan Kouadio Ismael Foua Bi paul Hyacinthe Keita Ismael Vaho Magnificat Marina Kone Minzata Yasmine Doumbia Yacouba gynaecology-Obstetrics Department Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bouaké Bouake Ivory Coast Mother and Child Department Alassane Ouattara University Bouake Ivory Coast

Introduction: Retroplacental haematoma (RPH) is a very serious complication of pregnancy, with life-threatening consequences for both the mother and foetus. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of patients with retroplacental haematoma (RPH) and describe the maternal-foetal complications at Bouaké University Hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional prospective, descriptive and analytical study carried out at Bouaké University Hospital over a period of 3 years, from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021. All parturients with RPH whose delivery took place at the hospital were included in the study. Data were entered and analysed using EPI INFO software version 7.***.2.6. Results: We recorded 2,0959 deliveries, including 202 cases of RPH, representing an incidence of 0.96%. The 21 to 35 age group accounted for 64.4%, multigestas and large multigestas accounted for 58.5% and multiparas accounted for 41.6%. The main signs on clinical examination were metrorrhagia (100%), arterial hypertension (84.6%) and cervical cerclage (79.7%). Preeclampsia accounted for 50% of per-gestational pathologies. Maternal mortality was 12.9%. Morbidity was dominated by anaemia in 64.1%, followed by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in 21.8%, and the factors associated with this maternal prognosis were multiple gestations, multiparity, Sher grade IIIb and the occurrence of complications such as DIC, shock, renal complications and HELLP syndrome. Neonatal mortality was 79.2%, and the factors associated with these fetal prognoses were cup size ≥ 5 cm and hematoma weight ≥ 500 g. Conclusion: Better screening of at-risk populations, early diagnosis and treatment in an organised and equipped medical and surgical facility would improve prognosis.

关键词： Retroplacental Haematoma Lethality Bouaké and Prognosis

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Battery state-of-charge estimation using machine learning analysis of ultrasonic signatures

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2022年第4期10卷 60-72页

作者： Elias galiounas Tom g.Tranter Rhodri E.Owen James B.Robinson paul R.Shearing Dan J.L.Brett Electrochemical Innovation Lab Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK The Faraday Institution Quad OneBecquerel AvenueHarwell CampusDidcotOX11 The Alan Turing Institute British Library96 Euston RoadLondon NW12DB

The potential of acoustic signatures to be used for State-of-Charge(SoC)estimation is demonstrated using artificial neural network regression *** approach represents a streamlined method of processing the entire acoustic waveform instead of performing manual,and often arbitrary,waveform peak *** applications where computational economy is prioritised,simple metrics of statistical significance are used to formally identify the most informative waveform *** alone can be exploited for SoC *** is further shown that signal portions representing both early and late interfacial reflections can correlate highly with the SoC and be of predictive value,challenging the more common peak selection methods which focus on the *** later echoes represent greater through-thickness coverage,and are intuitively more information-rich,their presence is not *** waveform treatment offers a more robust approach to correlating acoustic signatures to electrochemical *** is further demonstrated that transformation into the frequency domain can reduce the dimensionality of the problem significantly,while also improving the estimation *** importantly,it is shown that acoustic signatures can be used as sole model inputs to produce highly accurate SoC estimates,without any complementary voltage *** makes the method suitable for applications where redundancy and diversification of SoC estimation approaches is *** is obtained experimentally from a 210 mAh LiCoO2/graphite pouch *** estimation errors as low as 0.75%are achieved on a SoC scale of 0-100%.

关键词： Battery diagnostics Ultrasonic battery monitoring Acoustic battery inspection Mechanical-electrochemical correlation Machine learning Artificial neural networks

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Involvement of autophagy in alcoholic liver injury and hepatitis C pathogenesis

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2011年第20期17卷 2507-2514页

作者： Natalia A Osna paul g Thomes Terrence M Donohue University of Nebraska Medical Center VA Medical Center

This review describes the principal pathways of macroautophagy (i.e. autophagy), microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy as they are currently known to occur in mammalian cells. Because of its crucial role as an accessory digestive organ, the liver has a particularly robust autophagic activity that is sensitive to changes in plasma and dietary components. Ethanol consumption causes major changes in hepatic protein and lipid metabolism and both are regulated by autophagy, which is significantly affected by hepatic ethanol metabolism. Ethanol exposure enhances autophagosome formation in liver cells, but suppresses lysosome function. Excessive ethanol consumption synergizes with hepatitis C virus (HCV) to exacerbate liver injury, as alcohol-consuming HCV patients frequently have a longer course of infection and more severe manifestations of chronic hepatitis than abstinent HCV patients. Alcohol-elicited exacerbation of HCV infection pathogenesis is related to modulation by ethanol metabolism of HCV replication. Additionally, as part of this mechanism, autophagic proteins have been shown to regulate viral (HCV) replication and their intracel-lular accumulation. Because ethanol induces autophagosome expression, enhanced levels of autophagic proteins may enhance HCV infectivity in liver cells of alcoholics and heavy drinkers.

关键词：丙型肝炎病毒酒精性肝损伤发病机制自噬乙醇代谢哺乳动物细胞病毒感染消化器官

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Hybrid magnetorheological elastomers enable versatile soft actuators

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1546-1559页

作者： Miguel Angel Moreno-Mateos Mokarram Hossain paul Steinmann Daniel garcia-gonzalez Department of Continuum Mechanics and Structural Analysis Universidad Carlos III de MadridAvda.de la Universidad 3028911LeganésMadridSpain Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering Faculty of Science and EngineeringSwansea UniversitySA18ENSwanseaUK Institute of Applied Mechanics University of Erlangen-NurembergEgerland Str.5ErlangenGermany glasgow Computational Engineering Centre School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowG128QQGlasgowUK

Recent advances in magnetorheological elastomers(MREs)have posed the question on whether the combination of both soft-and hard-magnetic particles may open new routes to design versatile multifunctional ***,we conceptualise ultra-soft hybrid MREs(≈1–10 kPa stiffness)combining experimental and computational ***,a comprehensive experimental characterisation is *** results unravel that the magneto-mechanical performance of hybrid MREs can be optimised by selecting an adequate mixing ratio between ***,a multi-physics computational framework provides insights into the synergistic magneto-mechanical interactions at the *** particles amplify the magnetisation and hard particles contribute to torsional *** numerical results suggest that the effective response of hybrid MREs emerges from these intricate ***,we uncover exciting possibilities to push the frontiers of MRE *** are demonstrated by simulating a bimorph beam that provides actuation flexibility either enhancing mechanical bending or material stiffening,depending on the magnetic stimulation.

关键词： versatile magneto enable

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A simple denoising approach to exploit multi-fidelity data for machine learning materials properties

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2226-2238页

作者： Xiaotong Liu Pierre-paul De Breuck Linghui Wang gian-Marco Rignanese Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials genome Engineering Beijing Information Science and Technology UniversityNo.35 Beisihuan Middle RoadBeijing100101BeijingP.R.China School of Computer Beijing Information Science and Technology UniversityNo.35 Beisihuan Middle RoadBeijing100101BeijingP.R.China Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences UCLouvainChemin desÉtoiles 8Louvain-la-Neuve1348Belgium School of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityNo.127 Youyi West RoadXi’an710072ShaanxiP.R.China

Machine-learning models have recently encountered enormous success for predicting the properties of *** are often trained based on data that present various levels of accuracy,with typically much less high-than low-fidelity *** order to extract as much information as possible from all available data,we here introduce an approach which aims to improve the quality of the data through *** investigate the possibilities that it offers in the case of the prediction of the band gap using both limited experimental data and density-functional theory relying on different exchange-correlation *** analyzing the raw data thoroughly,we explore different ways to combine the data into training sequences and analyze the effect of the chosen *** also study the effect of applying the denoising procedure several times until ***,we compare our approach with various existing methods to exploit multi-fidelity data and show that it provides an interesting improvement.

关键词： approach learning exploit

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Simulating geometrically complex blast scenarios

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第2期12卷 134-146页

作者： Ian g.CULLIS Nikos NIKIFORAKIS Peter FRANKL Philip BLAKELY paul BENNETT paul gREENWOOD QinetiQ Fort Halstead Sevenoaks Kent T N14 7BP UK Cavendish Laboratory Cambridge University Cambridge CB30LH UK Cambridge Numerical Solutions Ltd Ely Cambridge CB7 5NE UK

The effects of blast waves generated by energetic and non-energetic sources are of continuing interest to the ballistics research *** conflicts are increasingly characterised by asymmetric urban warfare, with improvised explosive devices(IEDs) often playing a dominant role on the one hand and an armed forces requirement for minimal collateral effects from their weapons on the other. These problems are characterised by disparate length- and time-scales and may also be governed by complex physics. There is thus an increasing need to be able to rapidly assess and accurately predict the effects of energetic blast in topologically complex scenarios. To this end, this paper presents a new Qineti Q-developed advanced computational package called EAgLE-Blast, which is capable of accurately resolving the generation, propagation and interaction of blast waves around geometrically complex shapes such as vehicles and buildings. After a brief description of the numerical methodology, various blast scenario simulations are described and the results compared with experimental data to demonstrate the validation of the scheme and its ability to describe these complex scenarios accurately and efficiently. The paper concludes with a brief discussion on the use of the code in supporting the development of algorithms for fast running engineering models.

关键词：爆炸装置复杂场景场景模拟能量来源武装部队时间尺度相互作用形状复杂

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