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Metabolic effects of intestinal absorption and enterohepatic cycling of bile acids

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2015年第2期5卷 129-134页

作者： Courtney B.Ferrebee paul A.dawson Department of Pediatrics Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Emory University Molecular Medicine Graduate Program Wake Forest School of Medicine

The classical functions of bile acids include acting as detergents to facilitate the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the gut. In addition, bile acids also act as signaling molecules to regulate glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and energy expenditure. The signaling potential of bile acids in compartments such as the systemic circulation is regulated in part by an efficient enterohepatic circulation that functions to conserve and channel the pool of bile acids within the intestinal and hepatobiliary compartments. Changes in hepatobiliary and intestinal bile acid transport can alter the composition, size,and distribution of the bile acid pool. These alterations in turn can have significant effects on bile acid signaling and their downstream metabolic targets. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the inter-relationship between the enterohepatic cycling of bile acids and the metabolic consequences of signaling via bile acid-activated receptors, such as farnesoid X nuclear receptor(FXR)and the G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor(TGR5).

关键词： Bile acids Liver Intestine Transporters Lipid metabolism Energy homeostasis

Cloning and expression of SLC10A4,a putative organic anion transport protein

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第42期12卷 6797-6805页

作者： Patrick L Splinter Konstantinos N Lazaridis paul A dawson Nicholas F LaRusso The Center for Basic Research in Digestive Disease Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Medical School Clinic and Foundation Rochester Minnesota 55905 United States Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenter-ology Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem North Carolina 27157 United States

AIM: To determine if novel bile acid transporters may be expressed in human tissues. METHODS: SLC10A1 (NTCP) was used as a probe to search the NCBI database for homology to previously uncharacterized ESTs. The homology search identified an EST (termed SLC10A4) that shares sequence identity with SLC10A1 and SLC10A2 (ASBT). We performed Northern blot analysis and RT-PCR to determine the tissue distribution of SLC10A4. SLC10A4 was cloned in frame with an epitope tag and overexpressed in CHO cells to determine cellular localization and functional analysis of bile acid uptake. RESULTS: Northern analysis revealed that SLC10A4 mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues with the highest levels of mRNA expression in brain, placenta, and liver. In SLC10A4-transfected CHO cells, immunoblotting analysis and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated a 49-kDa protein that is expressed at the plasma membrane and intracellular compartments. Functional analysis of SLC10A4 showed no significant taurocholate uptake in the presence of sodium when compared to untransfected CHO cells. CONCLUSION: To date, we have shown that this protein has no capacity to transport taurocholate relative to SLC10A1; however, given its ubiquitous tissue distribution, it may play a more active role in transporting other endogenous organic anions.

关键词： SLC10A4 Bile acid transport Biliaryepithelium Taurocholate Plasma membrane

Development of starch-based films reinforced with cellulosic nanocrystals and essential oil to extend the shelf life of red grapes

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Food Bioscience 2022年第3期47卷 403-412页

作者： Sneh Punia Bangar William Scott Whiteside Fatih Ozogul Kyle D.Dunno George Armstrong Cavender paul dawson Department of Food Nutrition and Packaging SciencesClemson UniversitySC 29634USA Department of Seafood Processing Technology Faculty of FisheriesCukurova UniversityBalcaliAdana01330Turkey Department of Packaging Science Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNYUSA

Packaging material has an important role in extending the shelf-life of *** study investigated the effectiveness of cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs)derived from Kudzu(Pueraria montana)vine to reinforce to starch-based *** addition,the essential oil was incorporated into these nanocomposite films to evaluate further improvement in film properties and *** packaging materials,including the pearl millet starch(PMS),PMS reinforced with Kudzu CNCs,and PMS reinforced with Kudzu CNCs stabilized pickering emulsion containing clove bud oil(CBO),was used to develop biodegradable nanocomposite *** films were investigated for their thermal,morphological,mechanical,and barrier *** addition,the films were used as packaging material to improve the shelf life of the grapes for 15 days at 5℃.PMS films reinforced with Kudzu CNCs stabilized pickering emulsion of CBO were most effective in extending the shelf life of red grapes up to 15 days at 5℃ by maintaining the weight,firmness,and soluble solids in grapes for a longer duration during *** study suggests that PMS+Kudzu CNCs+EO films have the potential for commercial packaging of fruits during short storage periods without adversely affecting their quality and sensory attributes.

关键词： Packaging material Nanocomposites Cellulose nanocrystals Red grapes Shelf life

Analysis of ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter and related nuclear receptor genes in a family with multiple cases of idiopathic bile acid malabsorption

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第47期12卷 7710-7714页

作者： Marco Montagnani Anna Abrahamsson Cecilia Glman Gsta Eggertsen Hanns-Ulrich Marschall Elisa Ravaioli Curt Einarsson paul A dawson Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia Università di Bologna Bologna Italy Center for Applied Biomedi-cal Research Università di Bologna Bologna Italy Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Stockholm Sweden Center for Metabolism and Endocrinology Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Stockholm Sweden Department of Laboratory Medicine Division of Clinical Chemistry Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Stockholm Sweden Department of Internal Medicine Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC 27157 United States

The etiology of most cases of idiopathic bile acid malabsorption （IBAH） is unknown. In this study, a Swedish family with bile acid malabsorption in three consecutive generations was screened for mutations in the ileal apical sodium-bile acid cotransporter gene （ASBT; gene symbol, SLC10A2） and in the genes for several of the nuclear receptors known to be important for ASBT expression： the farnesoid X receptor （FXR） and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha （PPARα）. The patients presented with a clinical history of idiopathic chronic watery diarrhea, which was responsive to cholestyramine treatment and consistent with IBAH. Bile acid absorption was determined using ^75Se-homocholic acid taurine （SeHCAT）; bile acid synthesis was estimated by measuring the plasma levels of 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one （C4）. The ASBT, FXR, and PPARα genes in the affected and unaffected family members were analyzed using single stranded conformation polymorphism （SSCP）, denaturing HPLC, and direct sequencing. No ASBT mutations were identified and the ASBT gene did not segregate with the bile acid malabsorption phenotype. Similarly, no mutations or polymorphisms were identified in the FXR or PPARα genes associated with the bile acid malabsorption phenotype. These studies indicate that the intestinal bile acid malabsorption in these patients cannot be attributed to defects in ASBT. In the absence of apparent ileal disease, alternative explanations such as accelerated transit through the small intestine may be responsible for the IBAM.

关键词： Bile acid malabsorption Diarrhea Genetics ^75Se-homocholic acid taurine test Nuclear receptors

Antioxidant Activity Assessment and Color Analysis of Skin from Different Peach Varieties Grown in South Carolina

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第1期6卷 18-28页

作者： Yueyuan Zhang Inyee Han paul dawson Department of Food Nutrition and Packaging Sciences Clemson University Clemson USA

Peach skin is a byproduct from the further processing of fresh peaches with the potential to be recovered and utilized as a natural antioxidant. Color analysis, phenolic content and antioxidant activity of peach skin from 13 varieties of peaches grown in South Carolina were determined. Color analysis indicated that Norman, Cary Mac, Ruby Prince and Flame Prince differed from other varieties of peaches. Antioxidant activity of peach skin extracts were evaluated by the total phenolics (TP), DPPH free radical scavenging (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and ferrous ion chelating (FIC) assays. The range of total phenolics content was 8.38 - 18.81 (gallic acid equivalent mg/g dry weight). The total phenolic content was highly correlated to DPPH and FRAP activity in peaches ranging from 8 - 23 AE/mg and 5 - 12 AE/mg, respectively. Three peach varieties with skins having the greatest antioxidant capacity were Red Globe, Scarlet Prince, and O’Henry.

关键词： Peach Skin Antioxidant Total Phenolics DPPH Assay FRAP Assay

Bacterial Transfer from Hands While Eating Popcorn

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第15期6卷 1333-1338页

作者： Kimberly A. Baker Inyee Y. Han J. Bailey Lauren Johnson Edward Jones Amy Knight Mollye MacNaughton Peter Marvin Katherine Nolan Rose Martinez-dawson paul L. dawson Department of Food Nutrition and Packaging Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA Department of Mathematical Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA

Popcorn is a very social food, often shared with others and offered at many major sporting events, concerts, movies, and fairs. However, sharing may not be safe since microorganisms found on hands may be transferred onto the shared popcorn. This study was conducted to determine if bacteria are transferred from hands to popcorn during handling. Over 30 samplings revealed that bacterial transfer to popcorn from hands was very low;however transfer did occur with large variation between subjects. Since hands and surfaces can carry bacteria in situations where food is being shared, transferring bacteria from one person to another person is always a risk.

关键词： Component Popcorn Bacterial Transfer Food Safety Sharing Food

Bioavailability of Soy Protein and Corn Zein Films

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第10期2卷 1105-1113页

作者： Laura B. Matthews M. Elizabeth Kunkel James C. Acton Amod A. Ogale paul L. dawson 不详

The in vivo bioavailability of soy protein isolates and corn zein film material before and after film formation by heat/ pressure was determined. The In vitro digestibility of corn zein before and after film formation was also measured. Films were produced from anhydrous protein with 30% glycerol added using a heat-press method with no use of casting solvents or cross-linking agents. Corn zein raw and film material were ground under liquid nitrogen then digested in two enzyme-acid cocktails with free amino acid analysis before and after digestion. The protein efficiency ratio and net protein ratio were determined for both zein and soy protein using a weanling Sprague-Dawley descended rat feeding study. The In vitro digestibility study indicated that the non-heat pressed corn zein was more digestible than the heat pressed zein. However, the in vivo results indicated that corn and soy protein were equally bioavailable whether they were derived from film mixture prior to or after film formation. Both corn zein and soy protein material had lower protein efficiency ratio than the control diet. Furthermore, soy protein films materials had a higher protein efficiency ratio than corn zein.

关键词： Bioavailability Bio-Based Films Edible Films Protein Digestibility Packaging

Bacterial Transfer to Cups and Water by Drinking

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2018年第12期9卷 1386-1390页

作者： paul dawson Hayley Thorson Kelly Hooton Justin Runey David Hughes Sally Foster Melissa Roskosky Sutton Fain-Swartz Danielle Lynn Inyee Han Food Nutrition and Packaging Sciences Department Clemson University Clemson SC USA

Bacterial transfer is a concern when sharing food and drink, so to address this concern, this study examined the bacterial transfer onto and into plastic drinking cups. Two experiments were performed to: 1) test bacterial transfer to the rim of a plastic drinking cup, and 2) test residual bacteria in the liquid that was consumed from the cup. Bacteria were enumerated from the cup rim and the water in the cup. The results for both types of transfer showed higher bacterial populations on cups exposed to drinking compared to those where no drinking occurred. However, there was more bacterial transfer to the rim of the plastic cup than the liquid inside the cup.

关键词： Drinking from Cups Bacterial Transfer

All-optical tuning of a diamond micro-disk resonator on silicon

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Photonics Research 2020年第3期8卷 318-324页

作者： paul HILL CHARALAMBOS KLITIS BENOIT GUILHABERT MARC SOREL ERDAN GU MARTIN D.dawson MICHAEL J.STRAIN Institute of Photonics Department of PhysicsTechnology and Innovation CentreUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgow G11RDUK Diamond Science and Technology Centre for Doctoral TrainingUniversity of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK School of Engineering University of GlasgowGlasgow G128LTUK

High-quality integrated diamond photonic devices have previously been demonstrated in applications from nonlinear photonics to on-chip quantum ***,the small sample sizes of single crystal material available,and the difficulty in tuning its optical properties,are barriers to the scaling of these *** of these issues can be addressed by integrating micrometer-scale diamond devices onto host photonic integrated circuits using a highly accurate micro-assembly *** this work a diamond micro-disk resonator is integrated with a standard single-mode silicon-on-insulator waveguide,exhibiting an average loaded Q-factor of 3.1×10^4 across a range of spatial modes,with a maximum loaded Q-factor of 1.05×10^*** micrometer-scale device size and high thermal impedance of the silica interface layer allow for significant thermal loading and continuous resonant wavelength tuning across a 450 pm range using a milliwatt-level optical *** diamond-on-demand integration technique paves the way for tunable devices coupled across large-scale photonic circuits.

关键词： tuning resonator waveguide