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Engineered Regeneration 2024年第1期5卷 11-20页

作者： Selina Beal Iain Stewart paul Hatton Marysia Placzek Ilida Ortega School of Clinical Dentistry and Insigneo Institute Claremont CrescentUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TAUK School of Biosciences University of SheffieldEnglandUK National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial CollegeLondon SW36LYUK

Tanycytes are stem/progenitor cells that reside in the hypothalamus of the adult vertebrate *** can be cultured as free-floating neurospheres in vitro but tend to spontaneously differentiate over *** we asked whether morphological cues provided by engineered polymer scaffolds can modify spontaneous ***-derived neurospheres were cultured on electrospun scaffolds,prepared with either random or aligned fiber *** dispersed widely on the scaffolds,and-on aligned scaffolds-were highly organized,orientated parallel to the *** analysis showed that cells cultured on aligned scaffolds showed significantly greater expression of the neural stem/progenitor cell marker,NrCAM and reduced expres-sion of differentiated cell markers in comparison to those cultured on random *** this shows that tanycytes respond to local engineered cues,and that a morphologically constrained environment can better main-tain tanycytes as stem *** aligned scaffold culture system provides a powerful tool to better investigate this novel stem/progenitor cell population.

关键词： Scaffold Tanycytes Neural stem/progenitor cells Fiber alignment Electrospinning

Diagnosing upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A review of the role of diagnostic ureteroscopy and novel developments over last two decades

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 242-252页

作者： paul Gravestock Daniel Cullum Bhaskar Somani Rajan Veeratterapillay Urology Department Freeman HospitalNewcastle Upon TyneUK Department of Urology University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUK

Objective: The role of ureteroscopy in the diagnosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma is yet to be fully determined. We aimed to provide an up to date evaluation of its role and the emerging technologies in the ***: A literature search of the last two decades (from 24th May, 2001 to 24th May, 2021) was carried out identifying 147 papers for potential inclusion within this narrative ***: Diagnostic ureteroscopy is undeniably useful in its ability to visualise and biopsy indeterminate lesions, and to risk stratify malignant lesions that may be suitable for kidney sparing surgery. However, an increased risk of intravesical recurrence following nephroureterectomy when a prior diagnostic ureteroscopy has been performed, inadequate sampling at biopsy, complications from the procedure, and difficult ureteric access are all potential drawbacks. Furthermore, whilst generally an accurate diagnostic procedure, it risks missing carcinoma in-situ lesions. Despite this, evidence shows that routine use of ureteroscopy changes the management of patients in a large proportion of cases, preventing unnecessary surgery or facilitating kidney sparing surgery. The overall rate of complications is low, and improved biopsy techniques and the use of tissue biomarkers for improved staging and grading are encouraging. The risks of delays to definitive management and post-ureteroscopy intravesical recurrence do not seem to affect survival, and trials are in progress to determine whether intravesical therapy can mitigate the latter. Further promising techniques are being investigated to improve shortcomings, particularly in relation to improved diagnosis of carcinoma in situ and preoperative ***: Ureteroscopy has a role in the diagnosis of upper tract malignancy, though whether it should be used routinely is yet to be determined.

关键词： Ureteroscopy Carcinoma Transitional cell Ureteralneoplasms Urinary bladder neoplasms Carcinomainsitu Biopsy

Three-stage pyrolysis–steam reforming–water gas shift processing of household,commercial and industrial waste plastics for hydrogen production

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第1期6卷 25-37页

作者： Rayed Alshareef Robert Sait-Stewart Mohamad A.Nahil paul T.Williams School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

Five common single plastics and nine different household,commercial and industrial waste plastics were processed using a three-stage(i)pyrolysis,(ii)catalytic steam reforming and(iii)water gas shift reaction system to produce *** of plastics produces a range of different hydrocarbon species which are subsequently catalytically steam reformed to produce H_(2)and CO and then undergo water gas shift reaction to produce further H_(2).The process mimics the commercial process for hydrogen production from natural *** of the single polyalkene plastics(high-density polyethylene(HDPE),low-density polyethylene(LDPE),and polypropylene(PP))produced similar H_(2)yields between 115 mmol and 120 mmol per gram *** though PS produced an aromatic product slate from the pyrolysis stage,further stages of reforming and water gas shift reaction produced a gas yield and composition similar to that of the polyalkene plastics(115 mmol H_(2)per gram plastic).PET gave significantly lower H_(2)yield(41 mmol per gram plastic)due to the formation of mainly CO,CO_(2)and organic acids from the pyrolysis stage which were not conducive to further reforming and water gas shift reaction.A mixture of the single plastics typical of that found in municipal solid waste produced a H_(2)yield of 102 mmol per gram *** the gas yields and composition from the single plastics enabled an estimation of the yields from a simulated waste plastic mixture and a‘real-world’waste plastic mixture to be *** different household,commercial and industrial waste plastic mixtures produced H_(2)yields between 70 mmol and 107 mmol per gram *** H_(2)yield and gas composition from the single waste plastics gave an indication of the type of plastics in the mixed waste plastic samples.

关键词： Waste plastic Hydrogen Catalyst Pyrolysis reforming Water gas shift

Deep learning-based detection of indicator species for monitoring biodiversity in semi-natural grasslands

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第5期21卷 238-247页

作者： Deepak H.Basavegowda Inga Schleip paul Mosebach Cornelia Weltzien Technische Universitat Berlin Straße des 17.Juni 13510623BerlinGermany Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik und Biookonomie e.V.(ATB) Max-Eyth-Allee 10014469PotsdamGermany Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde Schicklerstraße 516225EberswaldeGermany

Deep learning(DL)has huge potential to provide valuable insights into biodiversity changes in speciesrich agricultural ecosystems such as semi-natural grasslands,helping to prioritize and plan conservation ***,DL has been underexplored in grassland conservation efforts,hindered by data scarcity,intricate ecosystem interactions,and limited economic ***,we developed a DL-based object-detection model to identify indicator species,a group of vascular plant species that serve as surrogates for biodiversity assessment in high nature value(HNV)*** selected indicator species Armeria maritima,Campanula patula,Cirsium oleraceum,and Daucus *** overcome the hurdle of limited data,we grew indicator plants under controlled greenhouse conditions,generating a sufficient dataset for DL model *** model was initially trained on this greenhouse ***,smaller datasets derived from an experimental grassland plot and natural grasslands were added to the training to facilitate the transition from greenhouse to field *** optimized model achieved remarkable average precision(AP)on test datasets,with 98.6 AP50 on greenhouse data,98.2 AP50 on experimental grassland data,and 96.5 AP50 on semi-natural grassland *** findings highlight the innovative application of greenhouse-grown specimens for the in-situ identification of plants,bolstering biodiversity monitoring in grassland ***,the study illuminates the promising role of DL techniques in conservation programs,particularly as a monitoring tool to support result-based agrienvironment schemes.

关键词： Species-rich grasslands Biodiversity monitoring Object detection Cross-domain knowledge transfer

A vectorial model for the nonlinear gradient force exerted on metallic Rayleigh nanoparticles

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第2期22卷 207-213页

作者：朱政张聿全闵长俊 Aurèle J.LAdam H.paul Urbach 袁小聪 Research Center for Humanoid Sensing Research Institute of Intelligent SensingZhejiang LabHangzhou 311100China Nanophotonics Research Center Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics&State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous IntegrationShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Optics Research Group ImPhys DepartmentFaculty of Applied SciencesDelft University of TechnologyDelft 2628 CJThe Netherlands

Optical tweezers have proved to be a powerful tool with a wide range of *** gradient force plays a vital role in the stable optical trapping of *** scalar method is convenient and effective for analyzing the gradient force in traditional optical ***,when the third-order nonlinear effect of the nano-object is stimulated,the scalar method cannot adequately present the optical response of the metal nanoparticle to the external optical ***,we propose a theoretical model to interpret the nonlinear gradient force using the vector *** combining the optical Kerr effect,the polarizability vector of the metallic nanoparticle is derived.A quantitative analysis is obtained for the gradient force as well as for the optical potential *** vector method yields better agreement with reported experimental *** suggest that this method could lead to a deeper understanding of the physics relevant to nonlinear optical trapping and binding phenomena.

关键词： gradient forces nonlinear effect metallic nanoparticles

AB_(2)-type rare earth-based compounds with C-15 structure:Looking for reversible hydrogen storage materials

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第5期42卷 803-816,I0001页

作者： Hao Shen Junxian Zhang Valerie paul-Boncour Ping Li Zhinian Li Yuanfang Wu Lijun Jiang National Engineering Research Center of Nonferrous Metals Materias and Products for New Energy GRINM Group Co.LtdBeijing00088China Univ Paris Est Creteil CNRSICMPEUMR 71822 rue Henri Dunant94320ThiaisFrance Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and TechnologyBeijing100083China GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co. Ltd.Beijing101407China

AB_(2)-type(A=rare earth,B=transition metal)intermetallic compounds with C15 structure can easily absorb large amount of hydrogen,showing their potential use as hydrogen storage *** crucial problem hindering their application is hydrogen induced amorphization(HIA),which leads to the irreversible hydrogen sorption *** stability of the AB_2 Laves phase compounds,the structural properties,the hydrogenation properties and the controlling factors of HIA are discussed in this *** with other factors,the atomic radii ratio r_A/r_B is the most important one influencing the ***-element substitution is an efficient way to suppress or limit HIA and may enable AB_2 compounds to be suitable for hydrogen storage.

关键词： Rare earth-based AB_2-type compounds Hydrogenation properties Hydrogen induced amorphization Elemental substitution

Evidence supporting the relationship between maternal asthma and risk for autism spectrum disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1101-1102页

作者： Hadley Osman paul Ashwood Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and the M.I.N.D.InstituteUniversity of California at DavisSacramentoCAUSA

During pregnancy,maternal immune activation(MIA),due to infection,chronic inflammatory disorders,or toxic exposures,can result in lasting health impacts on the developing *** has been associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders,such as autism spectrum disorder(ASD)in the *** is characterized by increased repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and decreased *** of 2020,1 in 36 children are diagnosed with ASD by the age of 8 years,with ASD rates continuing to increase in prevalence in USA(Tamayo et al.,2023).Post-mortem brain studies,biomarker and transcriptomic studies,and epidemiology studies have provided compelling evidence of immune dysregulation in the circulation and brain of individuals diagnosed with ***,the etiology of ASD is largely unknown,however,genetic components and environmental factors can contribute to increased *** allergic asthma(MAA),a form of MIA,has been identified as a potential risk factor for developing neurodevelopmental disorders(Patel et al.,2020).Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition driven by a T-helper type(TH)2 immune response.

关键词： disorders epidemiology fetus

Enhancing ChatGPT’s Querying Capability with Voice-Based Interaction and CNN-Based Impair Vision Detection Model

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3129-3150页

作者： Awais Ahmad Sohail Jabbar Sheeraz Akram Anand paul Umar Raza Nuha Mohammed Alshuqayran College of Computer and Information Sciences Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11432Saudia Arabia 2 School of Computer Science and EngineeringKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566South Korea 3 Department of EngineeringManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterM156BHUK

This paper presents an innovative approach to enhance the querying capability of ChatGPT,a conversational artificial intelligence model,by incorporating voice-based interaction and a convolutional neural network(CNN)-based impaired vision detection *** proposed system aims to improve user experience and accessibility by allowing users to interact with ChatGPT using voice ***,a CNN-based model is employed to detect impairments in user vision,enabling the system to adapt its responses and provide appropriate *** research tackles head-on the challenges of user experience and inclusivity in artificial intelligence(AI).It underscores our commitment to overcoming these obstacles,making ChatGPT more accessible and valuable for a broader *** integration of voice-based interaction and impaired vision detection represents a novel approach to conversational ***,this innovation transcends novelty;it carries the potential to profoundly impact the lives of users,particularly those with visual *** modular approach to system design ensures adaptability and scalability,critical for the practical implementation of these ***,the solution places the user at its *** responses for those with visual impairments demonstrates AI’s potential to not only understand but also accommodate individual needs and preferences.

关键词： Accessibility in conversational AI CNN-based impair vision detection ChatGPT voice-based interaction recommender system

Existing and emerging biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma:relevance in staging,determination of minimal residual disease,and monitoring treatment response:a narrative review

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第1期13卷 39-55页

作者： Dana A.Dominguez paul Wong Laleh G.Melstrom Department of Surgical Oncology City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCAUSA University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA

Background and Objective:With the development of novel active systemic therapies,the landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)management is rapidly ***,HCC lacks sensitive and specific biomarkers to predict prognosis,monitor for minimal residual disease after locoregional therapy,and predict treatment *** this review,we aim to summarize the best supporting evidence for refining existing,and development of novel biomarkers for staging,prognosis,determination of minimal residual disease and monitoring treatment response in HCC,focusing on those with evidence in clinical ***:PubMed and Embase databases were searched using the keywords;hepatocellular carcinoma,biomarker,minimal residual disease,surveillance,prognosis,staging,alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),liquid biopsy,treatment response,adjuvant,*** clinical studies were *** Content and Findings:AFP remains the major workhorse as the most widely used biomarker in HCC,however,its lack of wide applicability due to the high proportion of patients with HCC who are AFP negative,limits its value throughout all stages of HCC *** work has been done to combine AFP with other clinical and serologic factors to increase its accuracy and utility as a ***,it is likely that other more novel biomarkers such as those obtained through liquid biopsy will provide the prognostic power necessary for applications such as detecting recurrence and predicting treatment *** biopsy provides not only a wealth of potential biomarkers including circulating tumor cells and cell-free RNA/DNA,but also the ability to examine the mutational characteristics of the tumor with next generation *** early evidence supports the potential impact of many new biomarkers,validation in large clinical trials is ***:This review highlights the paucity of sensitive and specific,widely applicable biomarkers,throughout all phases of management of

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) biomarker liquid biopsy alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)

Utilization of Pyrrolic Compounds as Indicators of Secondary Migration for Woodford Oils in the Anadarko Basin,Oklahoma,USA

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第5期35卷 1499-1512页

作者： Mu Liu R.paul Philp Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Geosciences University of OklahomaNorman 73109United States

Migration pathways and distances of the oils in reservoir are thought to affect the distribution of pyrrolic compounds such as carbazole,its alkyl derivatives(alkylated carbazoles)and benzocarbazoles,although other factors,including maturity and depositional environments may also affect the distribution of these organic nitrogen *** this study,14 oil samples produced from conventional reservoirs in pauls Valley,south Oklahoma were investigated using organic geochemical *** sterane and hopane fingerprints suggest that most of the oils were sourced from the Devonian Woodford *** parameters consistently indicate that the maturity level of the studied samples are all of similar maturity(Rc=~0.7%),suggesting the distribution of the organic nitrogen organic compounds is possibly reflecting variations in relative migration *** distribution of alkylcarbazoles revealed a preferential enrichment during migration,with the nitrogen-shielded alkylcarbazole tending to be enriched relative to the nitrogen-semi-shielded alkylcarbozoles particularly in oils produced close to the Arbuckle uplift to the ***,another family of pyrrolic compounds,benzocarbazoles,whose distributions also indicated that the pauls Valley Woodford oils came from deeper part of the Anadarko Basin as the benzo-[a]/([a]+[c])-carbazole ratios decrease *** more specific migration systems,although the pyrrolic compound indicators are potentially disturbed by the structural complexes,the general migration directions suggest that the studied oils in pauls Valley Hunton uplift were sourced from the deep basin area,and migrate upwards in porous sediments due to the *** study investigates the feasibility of using pyrrolic compounds to estimate relative migration distances and will aid in the interpretation of migration history by using the distribution of carbazole,alkylated carbazoles,benzocarbazoles isomers in the Anadarko and Ardmore Basin

关键词： carbazole migration oil Oklahoma biomarker organic geochemistry