检索结果-南通市图书馆

Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2019年第2期9卷 17-28页

作者： Rebecca chung Eunice Yujin Kang Yun Jae Shin Justin Jong Park Peter Sang Park Chang Hyun Han Byungjun Kim Seog In Moon Jooheon Park paul Sung chung Centreville High School Clifton VA USA West Springfield High School Springfield VA USA Department of Biological Science University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Biology College of Arts & Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA Biological Science Mellon College of Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Biology Amherst College Amherst MA USA Biology Science Program University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Fuzbien Technology Institute (FTI) Rockville USA

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical systems that convert chemical energy contained in organic matter into electrical energy by using the catalytic (metabolic) activity of living microorganisms. Mediator-less two chamber H-type MFCs were constructed in the current study, using dairy digester microbial population as anode inocula to convert finely ground pine tree (Avicel) at 2% (w/v) to electricity. MFCs were placed at 37°C and after the circuit voltage was stabilized on d9, bovine rumen microorganisms cultured anaerobically for 48 hrs in cellulose broth media were added to treatment group of MFC at 1% v/v dosage. MFC power and current across an external resistor were measured daily for 10 d. At the end of incubation on d19 head space gas and anode chamber liquid solutions were collected and analyzed for total gas volume and composition, and volatile fatty acids, respectively. Addition of enriched rumen microorganisms to anaerobic anode chamber increased cellulose digestibility and increased both CO2 and methane production;however, it decreased the methane to CO2 ratio. Over the experimental period, electricity generation was increased with rumen microorganism addition, and power density normalized to anode surface area was 17.6 to 67.2 mW/m2 with average of 36.0 mW/m2 in treatment, while control group had 3.6 to 21.6 (AVE 12.0) mW/m2. These observations imply that biocatalysis in MFCs requires additional cellulolytic activities to utilize structural biomass in bioenergy production.

关键词： Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) Bovine Rumen Bacteria Bioenergy

The COVID-19 Outbreak in South Korea: Lessons to Be Learned

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第2期12卷 298-311页

作者： Hark Joon Lee Richard Kang Michelle Kim Justin Kong Woo Jun Shim Kunmin Kim paul S. chung Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Philadelphia USA School of Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond USA Youth With Talents Fairfax USA Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine Blacksburg USA Department of Biology Washington University St. Louis USA Bachelor of Science in Biology California Institute of Technology Pasadena USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego USA

The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel type of coronavirus-related disease that has over 4 million confirmed cases worldwide as of May 13th, 2020. With over 200 countries impacted by the pandemic, many countries have taken drastic measures such as temporary closure of international borders. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the South Korean response to COVID-19 and the keys to successful containment of the disease. Real time analysis was performed on data provided by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Comparisons of disease containment among countries with the highest confirmed cases were normalized for population size differences by taking the proportion of confirmed cases to population size. We further compared the disease outbreak in Seoul, a very urban environment, to the whole country of South Korea, to compare public health in urban and rural environments. We found that the efficient partnership between the private sector and the state led to rapid development in testing kits, which was integral to the South Korean response to COVID-19. In addition, the South Koreans’ community spirit, approval of government-led interventions, and societal norm of wearing masks were also efficient social responses to the spreading disease. In this paper, we navigate the impacts of a universal healthcare system and its ability to battle infectious diseases and the efficacy of various governmental actions in response to a public health crisis.

关键词： Infectious Diseases Respiratory Viral Infections Public Health Disease Prevention

Global Genomic Variations of Pathogenic Bacteria SalmonellaReading

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Computational Molecular Bioscience 2021年第3期11卷 57-68页

作者： Woo Hyung Lee Yein Jeon Jonathan S. chung Woo Jun Shim Min Jae Shin Seok Gyu Han Seunghan Baek James Kim Jaewoo Kim paul S. chung Biotechnology School of Sciences Hong Kong University of Science of Technology Hong Kong China Fuzbien Technology Institute Rockville USA Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers University New Brunswick USA College of Letters & Sciences University of California Los Angeles USA Biology Bachelor of Science California Institute of Technology Pasadena USA School of Arts & Sciences Johns Hopkins University Baltimore USA School of Arts & Sciences University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA Youth with Talents Fairfax USA

US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates food-borne pathogenic Salmonella bacteria cause about 1.35 million infections, 26,500 hospitalizations, and 420 deaths in the U.S. every year. Outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Reading linked mainly to raw turkey products and alfalfa sprouts have accounted for human illness including mortality. Therefore, we downloaded and compared genome sequences of 897 Salmonella Reading isolated from 27 resources in 11 countries at 21 year-points from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. Isolates were clustered into 10 clades which consisted of 3 major and 7 minor or single node clades. Although 3 major clades included both Europe and American isolates, one clade consisted of 605 North American isolates out of 614 isolates. Evolutionary distance is more related to the continent than the source of isolation. The host source, continent (North America and Europe) and phylogenetic clade were related to the prevalence of isolates encoding Antimicrobial Resistance Genes (ARGs). Prevalence of prophages was greater in bovine and swine isolates than poultry and human isolates and the least prevalence was found in human isolates. Between continents, the prevalence of phage was greater in North Ame- rican isolates than European. The diversity of virulence factors in swine isolates differed from poultry isolate while no difference was found among continents. In conclusion, evolutionary distance is related to isolation host source rather than the continent, and genome features were distinguished by host and cluster. Our genomic analysis implies that Salmonella Reading evolved independently to environments within its lineages.

关键词： Salmonella Serovar Reading Genome Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Virulence Factors Phylogenomic Tree

An Assessment of the Social, Cultural, and Economical Barriers to Option B+Retention and Their Solutions in Malawi: A Review

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of AIDS 2021年第1期11卷 15-24页

作者： Jamie Yoon David S. chung Michelle Kim Kunmin Kim Sang Heon Lee Tae Youn Kim Hark Joon Lee Seog In Moon Jooheon Park paul S. chung Thomas Nyirenda School of Medical Boston University Boston USA Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine Blacksburg USA School of Medicine University of Virginia Charlottesville USA Youth with Talents Fairfax USA Department of Art & Science Biology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore USA Clinical Research Education and Management Service Lilongwe Malawi

Malawi has one of the highest rates of HIV prevalence in the world, and accounts for 4% of the total number of people living in sub-Saharan Africa with HIV. Approximately one million people in Malawi were living with HIV in 2016, with 24,000 HIV-related deaths. The Option B+ program, first implemented in Malawi, aimed to initiate ART for all pregnant women, regardless of their CD4 cell count or disease stage. This study serves to analyze and assess the effectiveness of Option B+ retention, in relation to the facilitation of how various social and cultural barriers were handled. A literature review of 29 publications was conducted. Careful evaluation of various studies indicates that although there is a myriad of reasons explaining low levels of retention, the women who were at the highest risk for low retention were young pregnant women who were treated on the same day of HIV-diagnosis. Solutions focused around women and their partners or communities showed promising evidence of success in increasing adherence, as these strategies likely provided women reliable social and emotional support to address major barriers to retention such as a lack of support from male partners, ineffective education from healthcare workers, or stigma towards their HIV disclosure statue.

关键词： HIV Option B+ Malawi Retention CHTC PMTCT

Distribution of Eye Diseases in Kasungu District, Malawi, Central Africa—A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Advances in Infectious Diseases 2018年第2期8卷 64-69页

作者： Richard Kang Jae Jun Kim paul chung Gyuri Hwang Jung Sung Kim Seunghan Baek Eun Jung Im George Talama The School of Public Health UC Berkeley Berkeley CA USA College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA The Biology Department Allegheny College Meadville PA USA Korea International School Gyeonggi-do South Korea Henry M. Gunn High School Palo Alto California USA Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA Classics College of Letters Arts and Sciences USC LA USA Kasungu District Hospital Kasungu Malawi

Analysis of eye diseases of patients at Kasungu District Hospital in Malawi was made. Malawi is one of the poorest countries in the world and the health system faces a lot challenges in terms of resources. The study was, therefore, done to understand the burden and distribution of eye diseases in this resource-limited setting. A retrospective study was conducted by extracting data from data registers in the outpatient eye department for the period of May 2015 to June 2016. The data of the reported eye diseases analyzed with variables such as patient gender, eye disease type, patient age and times of the year. There was no association between eye diseases and gender nor with times of the year. However, it was noted that the commonest type of eye disease was conjunctivitis. And, there was strong association of some disease type with age, for example, conjunctivitis was common in young age group while cataract was common in the elderly. It was shown in this study that many of the eye diseases endemic in Africa do generally occur in this selected district as well. However, the analysis presents the possibility of reducing the incidences of many diseases by preventive measures and access to health facilities on time.

关键词： Eye Diseases Kasungu District Malawi

NMR State Diagram Concept

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

NMR State Diagram Concept

Influence of Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Addition on Bioenergy Production in Microbial Fuel Cells

中国食品科学技术学会第五届年会暨第四届东西方食品业高层论坛

作者： Xiangyang Lin Roger Ruan paul Chert Myongsoo chung Xiaofei Ye Tom Yang Cheris Doona Tom Wagner

This article introduces a new concept,the NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance)state diagram, in the context of food shelf-life stability as affected by the molecular mobility of the food *** literature review shows that some shelf-life-related changes cannot be explained or predicted by the current a w and glass transition temperature *** article presents the theoretical principles and some experimental evidence of the NMR state diagram concept that could be complementary to the a w and glass transition *** NMR state diagram is a curve of NMR relaxation time versus *** of the curve features were found to correlate highly to the physiochemical states and changes of food polymers,for example,caking,stickiness,and *** potential applications of this concept in quality and safety of food products,especially dry and intermediate moist foods,may include ingredients screening,prediction of physiochemical changes,chemical degradation,and microbiological *** goal concept of this article is to provoke more in-depth studies to analyze the relationships among NMR relaxation,molecular mobility,and stability of foods.

关键词： glass transition NMR nuclear magnetic resonance shelf-life state diagram

来源： cnki会议评论

在线全文

cnki会议

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2019年第4期9卷 179-188页

作者： Sohyun Chang Min Jae Shin Yujin Kim Sung Jun Jang Seog In Moon Seoyeon Jeong Richard Shim Fengjun Shen Sara Kang paul S. chung School of Arts & Sciences Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA Fuzbien Technology Institute Rockville MD USA Youth with Talents Fairfax VA USA

The current study was performed to evaluate the beneficial effect in the power output of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) through supplementation of dried red pepper (Capsicum annuum) powder into the anodic chamber. Mediator-less H-type MFCs were set up where the anode chamber contained rumen microorganisms as inocula on cellulose (Avicel) and the cathode chamber of phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4), both separated by cation exchange membrane. Electrical power generation in MFC was monitored daily over a 10-day period and the accumulated amounts and components of gaseous byproducts were measured at the end of 10 d operation of MFC. For both groups of MFCs with red pepper and the control, the head space gases collected were methane and CO2, and its volume and composition were similar between treatments. Methane and CO2 produced for 10 d operation were 210.7 and 106.5 mL, respectively, in MFC. The addition of red pepper powder caused an average power density to increase from 24.0 mW/m2 to 39.6 mW/m2 (P 2 for control and bellflower, respectively. This study provides the strong evidence that red pepper (Capsicum annuum) supplementation might modify the anaerobic fermentation characteristics of rumen microorganisms in anode chamber and improve the cellulosic bioenergy production in MFC.

关键词： MFC Capsicum annuum Bioenergy Production

Improvement of Renewable Bioenergy Production in Microbial Fuel Cells with Saponin Supplementation

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2021年第2期11卷 82-93页

作者： Skylar Choi Yongjin Park Immanuel H. Anaborne Jin Sik Song Ji Woo Han So Hyun Jeon Jaewoo Kim James Kim Jinkwon Lee paul S. chung Horace Greeley High School Chappaqua NY USA Deerfield Academy Deerfield MA USA Oakton High School Vienna VA USA School of Arts & Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA School of Arts & Sciences Emory University Atlanta GA USA Bachelor of Science Villanova University Villanova PA USA College of Letters & Sciences University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA School of Arts & Sciences University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Division of Biological Sciences Revelle College University of California San Diego CA USA Fuzbien Technology Institute Rockville MD USA

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is one of renewable biofuel production technology that directly converts biomass to electricity. Cellulosic biomass is particularly attractive renewable resources for its low cost and abundance and neutral carbon balance. However, methanogenesis remains as a major factor limiting MFC performance. The current study reports that saponin addition at 0.05% w/v dose to anolyte in MFCs inhibited methanogenesis and improves power generation and cellulose fermentation. Mediator-less two chamber H-type MFCs were prepared using rumen fluid as anode inocula at 20% v/v of anolyte to convert finely ground pine tree (Avicel) at 2%, w/v to electricity. Saponin was added to the anode of MFC at 0.005% or 0.05% v/v dosage for treatment. MFC power and current across an external resistor were measured daily for 10d. On d10, collected gases from anode compartment were measured for total gas volume and analyzed for gas composition on gas chromatography. Supplementation of saponin to MFC at 0.005% did not have any effects on electricity generation or biogas production and composition. Saponin at 0.05% dose reduced 10% of methane prod

关键词： Microbial Fuel Cells Saponin Bioenergy

Enhancement of Power Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells through Supplementation of Platycodon grandiflorumin Doraji Roots

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2019年第4期9卷 169-178页

作者： Jung-In Park Hyunjin Kim Dae Kyung Go Peter S. Park Sang Heon Lee Min Jung Koh Jonathan Jo Donghoon Lee Seungshin Lee paul S. chung Fuzbien Technology Institute Rockville MD USA Youth with Talents Fairfax VA USA St. Johnsbuury Academy Jeju Korea Department of Biology School of Arts and Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA School of Arts and Sciences Johns Hopkins Baltimore MD USA

The current study reports the evidence of enhancement in power generation from cellulosic biomass in microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems by supplementing dried Doraji (Platycodon grandiflorum) roots powder. Mediator-less two chamber H-type MFCs were prepared using rumen fluid as anode inocula to convert finely ground pine tree (Avicel) at 2% (w/v) to electricity. Dried Doraji roots were ground to pass 1 mm sieve and added to the anode of MFC at 0.1% w/v dosage for treatment. MFC power and current across an external resistor were measured daily for 10 d. At the end of incubation on d10, collected gases were measured for total gas volume and analyzed for gas composition on gas chromatography. Supplementation of Doraji roots powder to MFC anode chamber increased power generation and CO2 production. Over the 10d experimental period, power density normalized to anode surface area were between 17.0 and 37.7 with average of 32.5 mW/m2 in Doraji MFCs, and between 16.8 and 19.8 with average of 18.2 mW/m2 in control group. CO2 production increased and methane to CO2 ratio decreased in Doraji root treatment comparing to control group. These observations imply that Doraji root components would inhibit methanogenesis and alter microbial fermentation of cellulose compounds favorable to produce bioenergy efficiently in MFC.

关键词： MFC Platycodon grandiflorum