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All-optical forward-viewing photoacoustic probe for high-resolution 3D endoscopy

Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 337-345页

作者： Rehman Ansari Edward Z.Zhang Adrien E.Desjardins paul c.beard Department Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College LondonGower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUK Wellcome/EPSRc centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences University College LondonCharles Bell House67-73 Riding House StreetLondon W1W 7EJUK

A miniature forward-viewing endoscopic probe that provides high-resolution 3D photoacoustic images is *** probe is of outer diameter 3.2mm and comprised of a transparent Fabry-Pérot(FP)polymer-film ultrasound sensor that is located at the distal end of a rigid optical fiber *** laser pulses are coupled simultaneously into all cores of the bundle and are transmitted through the FP sensor to provide wide-field tissue illumination at the distal *** resulting photoacoustic waves are mapped in 2D by sequentially scanning the input end of the bundle with an interrogation laser beam in order to individually address different points on the FP *** this way,the sensor acts as a high-density ultrasound array that is comprised of 50,000 individual elements,each of which is 12μm in diameter,within the 3.2mm diameter footprint of the *** fine spatial sampling that this affords,along with the wide bandwidth(f_(-3dB)=34 MHz)of the sensor,enables a high-resolution photoacoustic image to be *** measured on-axis lateral resolution of the probe was depth-dependent and ranged from 45-170μm for depths between 1 and 7 mm,and the vertical resolution was 31μm over the same depth *** system was evaluated by acquiring 3D images of absorbing phantoms and the microvascular anatomies of a duck embryo and mouse *** image fidelity was *** is anticipated that this type of probe could find application as a tool for guiding laparoscopic procedures,fetal surgery and other minimally invasive interventions that require a millimeter-scale forward-viewing 3D photoacoustic imaging probe.

关键词： optical millimeter resolution

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Improving Heat Transfer in Parabolic Trough Solar collectors by Magnetic Nanofluids

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Energy Engineering 2024年第4期121卷 835-848页

作者： Ritesh Singh Abhishek Gupta Akshoy Ranjan paul Bireswar paul Suvash c.Saha Department of Applied Mechanics Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology AllahabadPrayagrajIndia Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia

A parabolic trough solar collector(PTSc)converts solar radiation into thermal ***,low thermal efficiency of PTSc poses a hindrance to the deployment of solar thermal power *** performance of PTSc is enhanced in this study by incorporating magnetic nanoparticles into the working *** circular receiver pipe,with dimensions of 66 mm diameter,2 mm thickness,and 24 m length,is exposed to uniform temperature and velocity *** working fluid,Therminol-66,is supplemented with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles at concentrations ranging from 1%to 4%.The findings demonstrate that the inclusion of nanoparticles increases the convective heat transfer coefficient(HTc)of the PTSc,with higher nanoparticle volume fractions leading to greater heat transfer but increased pressure *** thermal enhancement factor(TEF)of the PTSc is positively affected by the volume fraction of nanoparticles,both with and without a magnetic ***,the scenario with a 4%nanoparticle volume fraction and a magnetic field strength of 250 G exhibits the highest TEF,indicating superior thermal *** findings offer potential avenues for improving the efficiency of PTScs in solar thermal plants by introducing magnetic nanoparticles into the working fluid.

关键词： Parabolic trough solar collector(PTSc) magnetic nanofluid(MNF) heat transfer convective heat transfer coefficient(HTc) thermal enhancement factor(TEF)

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A marathon,not a sprint:Increasing population physical activity as a legacy of sports mega-events

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 732-735页

作者： Fiona c.Bull paul J.Simpson Physical Activity Unit Department of Health PromotionWorld Health OrganizationGeneva CH-1211Switzerland The BMJ London WC1H 9JPUK

*** matters The withdrawal of Australia as hosts for the commonwealth Games in 2026 demonstrates that large international sporting events are more than just sporting mastery,medals,and *** also matters.1 The cost of hosting a major international tournament is eye-wateringly *** governments need to show that the billions of dollars of investment deliver a return beyond sporting glory to justify the resources that are spent.

关键词： return dollar sport

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The Axiology of consciousness in Mocombeian consciousness Field Theory

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Philosophy Study 2024年第4期14卷 168-185页

作者： paul c.Mocombe West Virginia State University West VirginiaUSA The Mocombeian Foundation Inc.FloridaUSA

This work explores the axiology of consciousness in Mocombe’s consciousness field in the material *** paper critically assesses Mocombe’s consciousness field theory(cFT)within the larger body of contemporary ontological debates regarding the nature,origin,and constitution of consciousness in the *** work goes on to highlight the manifestation of Mocombe’s consciousness field in the material resource framework that is the earth,and the nature and origins of ethics and values.

关键词： structuration theory phenomenological structuralism structure/agency mythopraxis quantum mechanics social class language game Haitian epistemology Haitian/Vilokan idealism consciousness field theory

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Exploring innovative synthetic solutions for advanced polymer-based electrochromic energy storage devices:Phenoxazine as a promising chromophore

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 433-452页

作者： catalin-paul constantin Mihaela Balan-Porcarasu Gabriela Lisa “Petru Poni”Institute of Macromolecular chemistry Electroactive Polymers&Plasmochemistry Laboratory41A Grigore Ghica Voda AlleyIasi 700487Romania “Gh.Asachi”Technical University Iasi Faculty of Chemical EngineeringBd.Mangeron 71Iasi 700050Romania

The current investigation offers an innovative synthetic solution regarding electrochromic(Ec)and energy storage applications by exploring phenoxazine(POZ)***,three POZ-based polymers(polyimide,polyazomethine,and polyamide)were synthesized to ascertain the superior *** polyamide exhibited remarkable attributes,including high redox stability during 500 repetitive cVs,optical contrast of 61.98%,rapid response times of 1.02 and 1.38 s for coloring and bleaching,Ec efficiency of 280 cm^(2)c^(-1).and decays of the optical density and Ec efficiency of only 12.18%and 6.23%after 1000 ***,the energy storage performance of polyamide PA was tested,for which the following parameters were obtained:74.7 F g^(-1)(cV,scan rate of 10 mV s^(-1))and 118 F g^(-1)(GcD,charging current of 0.1 A g^(-1)).Then,the polyamide was tested in EES devices,which yielded the following Ec parameters:an optical contrast of 62.15%,response times of 9.24 and 5.01 s for coloring and bleaching,Ec efficiency of 178 cm^(2)c^(-1),and moderate decays of 20.25%and 23.24%for the optical density and Ec efficiency after 500 *** energy storage performance included a capacitance of 106 F g^(-1)(cV,scan rate of 0.1 mV s^(-1))and 9.23 F g^(-1)(GcD,charging current of 0.1 A g^(-1)),capacitance decay of 11.9%after500 cycles,and 1.7 V retention after 2 ***,two EES devices connected in series powered a 3 V LED for almost 30 s.

关键词： Polymers Phenoxazine Electrochromic Energy storage Electrochromi cenergy storage devices

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Post-fire recovery of Puya raimondii, vegetation and birds in the puna of Huascarán National Park, Perú

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 20-32页

作者： Mery L.SUNI Giovana P.VADILLO césar ARANA Enoc JARA-PENA Letty SALINAS M.Estela PONcE paul M.RAMSAY Plant Physiology Laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Natural History Museum Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15072Peru Applied Phytology Laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Statistics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of chemical and Biological Sciences Universidad de las Américas PueblaSan Andrés Cholula CP Cholula CP 72810Mexico

A large fire of 233 ha in Huascarán National Park in Peru provided an opportunity to compare plant and bird responses in burned and nearby unburned zones of the puna. Heights and live diameters of flagship Puya raimondii rosettes(assigned to four broad developmental phases), plant communities(66 species in 24 families and nine growth forms) and bird communities(77 species in six trophic guilds) were monitored after the fire. Although no mortality was observed, Puya raimondii plants were affected by the fire, losing approximately 60% of their photosynthetic area across all developmental phases, but recovered quickly during the first two years after fire. The comparison of Puya rosette recovery after fire was complicated by the changes in live rosette diameter for unburned plants, which showed plasticity of photosynthetic area linked to seasonal and annual fluctuations in precipitation in this relatively dry environment(decreased by 26% for mature adult plants over the study period). Fire caused an immediate change in the density, biomass and composition of vegetation. Although the species present remained similar, their abundances changed significantly immediately after the fire, with notable reductions in dominant tussock grasses. This provided opportunities for other plants, resulting in higher postfire diversity of plant species, genera, families and growth forms. In turn, the changes in vegetation after fire affected the composition of birds according to their trophic guild. Granivores largely disappeared,generalists were mostly unaffected, and other guilds showed a more complex response. As the vegetation recovered, most displaced birds returned within approximately one year.

关键词： Burning Plant biomass Trophic guilds Andes Giant rosette plants

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Application of a simplified ADM1 for full-scale anaerobic co-digestion of cattle slurry and grass silage:assessment of input variability

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 125-139页

作者： Sofia Tisocco Sören Weinrich Gary Lyons Michael Wills Xinmin Zhan paul crosson civil Engineering College of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation CentreDunsanyC15 PW93Ireland Biochemical conversion Department Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbHLeipzig 04347Germany Faculty of Energy·Building Services·Environmental Engineering Münster University of Applied SciencesSteinfurt 48565Germany Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute HillsboroughBT266DRUK Ryan Institute University of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland MaREI Research centre for Energy Climate and MarineRyan InstituteUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

Mathematical modeling of anaerobic digestion is a powerful tool to predict gas yields and optimize the *** Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1(ADM1)is a widely implemented model for this ***,modeling full-scale biogas plants is challenging due to the extensive substrate and parameter characterization *** study describes the modification of the ADM1 through a simplification of individual process phases,characteristic components and required ***,the ability of the simplified model to simulate the co-digestion of grass silage and cattle slurry was evaluated using data from a full-scale biogas *** impacts of substrate composition(crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration)and variability of carbohydrate degradability on simulation results were assessed to identify the most influential *** indicated that the simplified version was able to depict biogas and biomethane production with average model efficiencies,according to the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE)coefficient,of 0.70 and 0.67,respectively,and was comparable to the original ADM1(average model efficiencies of 0.71 and 0.63,respectively).The variability of crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration did not significantly impact biogas and biomethane output for the data sets *** contrast,carbohydrate degradability seemed to explain much more of the variability in the biogas and methane ***,the application of simplified models provides a reliable basis for the process simulation and optimization of full-scale agricultural biogas plants.

关键词： ADM1 Agricultural feedstocks Biogas technology Input variability Parameter estimation

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Tensorial tomographic Fourier ptychography with applications to muscle tissue imaging

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第2期6卷 50-60页

作者： Shiqi Xu Xi Yang paul Ritter Xiang Dai Kyung chul Lee Lucas Kreiss Kevin c.Zhou Kanghyun Kim Amey chaware Jadee Neff carolyn Glass Seung Ah Lee Oliver Friedrich Roarke Horstmeyer Duke University DurhamNorth CarolinaUnited States Friedrich-Alexander University ErlangenGermany Uc San Diego La JollaCaliforniaUnited States Yonsei University SeoulRepublic of Korea Uc Berkeley BerkeleyCaliforniaUnited States Duke University Medical center DurhamNorth CarolinaUnited States

We report tensorial tomographic Fourier ptychography(T^(2)oFu),a nonscanning label-free tomographic microscopy method for simultaneous imaging of quantitative phase and anisotropic specimen information in *** upon Fourier ptychography,a quantitative phase imaging technique,T^(2)oFu additionally highlights the vectorial nature of *** imaging setup consists of a standard microscope equipped with an LED matrix,a polarization generator,and a polarization-sensitive *** tensors of anisotropic samples are computationally recovered from polarized intensity measurements across three *** demonstrate T^(2)oFu’s efficiency through volumetric reconstructions of refractive index,birefringence,and orientation for various validation samples,as well as tissue samples from muscle fibers and diseased heart *** reconstructions of healthy muscle fibers reveal their 3D fine-filament structures with consistent ***,we demonstrate reconstructions of a heart tissue sample that carries important polarization information for detecting cardiac amyloidosis.

关键词： computational imaging three-dimensional imaging phase retrieval microscopy polarization-sensitive imaging labelfree imaging

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Quantifying source-sink relationships in leaf-color modified rice genotypes during grain filling

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第9期23卷 2923-2940页

作者： Zhenxiang Zhou paul cStruik Junfei Gu Peter E.L.van der Putten Zhiqin Wang Jianchang Yang Xinyou Yin centre for crop Systems Analysis Department of Plant SciencesWageningen University&ResearchWageningen 6700 AKThe Netherlands college of Agriculture Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Leaf-color modification can affect canopy photosynthesis,with potential effects on rice yield and yield *** source-sink relationships through crop management is often used to improve crop *** study investigated whether and how modifying leaf color alters source-sink relationships and whether current crop cultivation practices remain applicable for leaf-color modified *** collected data of total biomass and nitrogen(N)accumulation in rice genotypes of four genetic backgrounds and their leaf-color modified variants(greener or yellower)were analyzed,using a recently established modelling method to quantify the source-sink(im)balance during grain *** all leaf-color variants,only one yellower-leaf variant showed a higher source capacity than its normal *** was associated with greater post-flowering N-uptake that prolonged the functional leaf-N duration,and this greater post-flowering N-uptake was possible because of reduced pre-flowering N-uptake.A density experiment showed that current management practices(insufficient planting density accompanied by abundant N application)are unsuitable for the yellower-leaf genotype,ultimately limiting its yield ***-color modification affects source-sink relationships by regulating the N trade-off between pre-and post-flowering uptake,as well as N translocation between source and sink *** best exploit leaf-color modification for improving crop productivity,adjustments of crop management practices are required.

关键词： source-sink relationship biomass nitrogen Oryza sativa leaf-color modification

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AB_(2)-type rare earth-based compounds with c-15 structure:Looking for reversible hydrogen storage materials

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第5期42卷 803-816,I0001页

作者： Hao Shen Junxian Zhang Valerie paul-Boncour Ping Li Zhinian Li Yuanfang Wu Lijun Jiang National Engineering Research center of Nonferrous Metals Materias and Products for New Energy GRINM Group Co.LtdBeijing00088China Univ Paris Est creteil CNRSICMPEUMR 71822 rue Henri Dunant94320ThiaisFrance Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and TechnologyBeijing100083China GRIMAT Engineering Institute co. Ltd.Beijing101407China

AB_(2)-type(A=rare earth,B=transition metal)intermetallic compounds with c15 structure can easily absorb large amount of hydrogen,showing their potential use as hydrogen storage *** crucial problem hindering their application is hydrogen induced amorphization(HIA),which leads to the irreversible hydrogen sorption *** stability of the AB_2 Laves phase compounds,the structural properties,the hydrogenation properties and the controlling factors of HIA are discussed in this *** with other factors,the atomic radii ratio r_A/r_B is the most important one influencing the ***-element substitution is an efficient way to suppress or limit HIA and may enable AB_2 compounds to be suitable for hydrogen storage.

关键词： Rare earth-based AB_2-type compounds Hydrogenation properties Hydrogen induced amorphization Elemental substitution

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