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Long‑term outcomes of two first‑generation trabecular micro‑bypass stents(iStent)with phacoemulsification in primary open‑angle glaucoma:eight‑year results

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Eye and Vision 2021年第4期8卷 431-442页

作者： Ali Salimi Harrison Watt paul Harasymowycz Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Montreal Glaucoma Institute MontrealQCCanada Faculty of Medicine McGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Ophthalmology University of Montreal4135 de RouenMontrealQC H1V1G5Canada

Background:The short-and medium-term outcomes of iStent have been extensively studied;however,only few studies have investigated its long-term ***,we assessed the long-term efficacy and safety of two iStents with concomitant cataract surgery in glaucomatous eyes while also evaluating measures of disease stability using visual field and optical coherence tomography(OCT)of the optic nerve and the macula throughout 8 years of ***:This longitudinal,single-center consecutive case series included glaucomatous eyes that underwent implantation of two first-generation trabecular micro-bypass stents(iStent)with concomitant cataract ***-year efficacy outcomes included mean intraocular pressure(IOP)and medications,as well as surgical ***-year safety outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),visual field mean deviation(VF-MD),cup-todisc ratio(CDR),retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness,ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer(GC-IPL)thickness,and adverse ***:A total of 62 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG)were *** 8 years postoperative,IOP reduced by 26%from 19.2±3.9 mmHg preoperatively to 14.2±2.4 mmHg(P<0.001),91.1%of eyes achieved IOP≤18 mmHg(vs.51.6%preoperatively),69.6%of eyes achieved IOP≤15 mmHg(vs.14.5%preoperatively),and 25%of eyes achieved IOP≤12 mmHg(vs.1.6%preoperatively).Medication use decreased by 17.9%from 2.8±1.1 preoperatively to 2.3±1.2(P=0.018).Surgical success was 90%,as six eyes underwent subsequent glaucoma *** measures of BCVA,CDR,RNFL thickness and GC-IPL thickness remained stable through 8 years ***-MD remained stable until postoperative year 5 and subsequently progressed according to the natural history of glaucomatous ***:Implantation of two iStents with concomitant cataract surgery is an effective and safe treatment option for surgery-naïve POAG eyes,evidenced by significant IOP and medication reductions,reasonable surgical success

关键词： Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery MIGS Trabecular micro-bypass stent iStent Glaucoma Cataract surgery Long-term outcomes

State of the Art in Alcohol Sensing with 2D Materials

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Nano-Micro Letters 2020年第3期12卷 22-54页

作者： Ramin Boroujerdi Amr Abdelkader Richard paul Faculty of Science and Technology Bournemouth UniversityTalbot CampusFern BarrowPoole BH125BBUK Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FSUK

Since the discovery of graphene,the star among new materials,there has been a surge of attention focused on the monatomic and monomolecular sheets which can be obtained by exfoliation of layered *** materials are known as two-dimensional(2D)materials and offer enormous versatility and *** ultimate single atom,or molecule,thickness of the 2D materials sheets provides the highest surface to weight ratio of all the nanomaterials,which opens the door to the design of more sensitive and reliable chemical *** variety of properties and the possibility of tuning the chemical and surface properties of the 2D materials increase their potential as selective sensors,targeting chemical species that were previously difficult to *** planar structure and the mechanical flexibility of the sheets allow new sensor designs and put 2D materials at the forefront of all the candidates for wearable *** developing sensors for alcohol,the response time is an essential factor for many industrial and forensic applications,particularly when it comes to hand-held ***,we review recent developments in the applications of 2D materials in sensing alcohols along with a study on parameters that affect the sensing *** review also discusses the strategies used to develop the sensor along with their mechanisms of sensing and provides a critique of the current limitations of 2D materials-based alcohol sensors and an outlook for the future research required to overcome the challenges.

关键词： Sensors and biosensors Alcohol probes Electrochemical detectors Ethanol metabolites 2D materials

An Overview of Oligocene to Recent Sediments of the Western Pacific Warm Pool(WPWP)(International Ocean Discovery Program-IODP Exp.363)Using Warm and Cool Foraminiferal Species

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Journal of Marine Science 2021年第3期3卷 21-35页

作者： Patrícia Pinheiro beck Eichler Christofer paul Barker Moab Praxedes Gomes Helenice Vital Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geodinâmica e Geofísica(PPGG) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte(UFRN)Campus UniversitárioLagoa Nova59072-970-NatalRNBrazil Ecologic Project Boulder CreekCaliforniaUnited States

We use the excellent sediment recovery of International Ocean Discovery Program(IODP)Exp.363,in the Western Pacific Warm Pool(WPWP)to assess down-core variations in the abundance of warm versus cool benthic foraminiferal species through a warm benthic foraminifers(WBF)*** total percentage of the“warm”shallower species group(Laticarinina pauperata,Cibicidoides kullenbergi,***,Cibicidoides sp.,Hoeglundina elegans,and Bulimina aculeata)and of the“cool”species group from deep waters(Pyrgo murrhina,Planulina wuellerstorfi,Uvigerina peregrina,and Globobulimina hoeglundi,Hopkinsina pacifica)at all sites is used to assess paleo temporal and spatial variations in preservation and marine *** study sites span water depths ranging from 875 m to 3421 m and our results indicate that well-preserved living and fossil foraminifera characterize mudline and core sediments at all water depths attesting the wide environmental tolerance of these species to temperature and *** magneto-and biostratigraphy datum,these sediments are of Oligocene *** low-resolution study showed that with the exception of core 1486B which the linear tendency of warmer species is toward cool sediments in old times,all of them show that older sediments indicate warmer periods than today,which is expected from Miocene to *** results provide evidence for the preservation potential of deeply buried sediments,which has implications on climate reconstructions based on the population dynamics of calcareous benthic foraminifera.

关键词： Miocene Population dynamics Climate change Tolerance Temporal Spatial

Search for pulsations in the LMXB EXO 0748-676

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2011年第5期11卷 577-582页

作者： Chetana Jain Biswajit paul Raman Research Institute SadashivnagarC.V.Raman AvenueBangalore 560080India

We present here results from our search for X-ray pulsations of the neu- tron star in the low mass X-ray binary EXO 0748-676 at a frequency near the burst- oscillation frequency of 44.7 Hz. Using the observations made with the Proportional Counter Array onboard the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer, we did not find any pulsations in the frequency band of 44.4Hz to 45.0Hz and obtained a 3σ upper limit of 0.47% on the pulsed fraction for any possible underlying pulsation in this frequency band. We also discuss the importance of EXO 0748-676 as a promising source for the detection of Gravitational Waves.

关键词： X-ray: neutron stars - X-ray binaries: individual (EXO 0748-676)

Seismic anisotropy of upper mantle in eastern Tibetan Plateau and related crust-mantle coupling pattern

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第8期50卷 1150-1160页

作者： paul SILVER Lucy FLESCH Carnegie Institution of Washington Washington DC 200015 USA

By using the polarization analysis of teleseismic SKS waveform data recorded at 116 seismic stations which respectively involved in China National Digital Seismograph Network, and Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu and Qinghai regional digital networks, and portable broadband seismic networks deployed in Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet, we obtained the SKS fast-wave direction and the delay time between fast and slow waves of each station by use of the stacking analysis method, and finally acquired the fine image of upper mantle anisotropy in the eastern Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent regions. We analyzed the crust-mantle coupling deformation on the basis of combining the GPS observation results and the upper mantle anisotropy distribution in the study area. The Yunnan region out of the plateau has dif-ferent features of crust-mantle deformation from the inside plateau. There exists a lateral transitional zone of crust-mantle coupling in the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, which is located in the region between 26° and 27°N in the west of Sichuan and Yunnan. To the south of transitional zone, the fast-wave direction is gradually turned from S60°―70°E in southwestern Yunnan to near EW in south-eastern Yunnan. To the north of transitional zone in northwestern Yunnan and the south of western Sichuan, the fast-wave direction is nearly NS. From crust to upper mantle, the geophysical parameters (e.g. the crustal thickness, the Bouguer gravity anomaly, and tectonic stress direction) show the feature of lateral variation in the transitional zone, although the fault trend on the ground surface is inconsis-tent with the fast-wave direction. This transitional zone is close by the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, and it may play an important role in the plate boundary dynamics.

关键词： upper mantle anisotropy SKS wave fast-wave direction crust-mantle coupling lithospheric deformation

Increased Light, Moderate, and Severe Clear-Air Turbulence in Response to Climate Change

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第5期34卷 576-586页

作者： paul D. WILLIAMS Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading RG6 6BB United Kingdom

Anthropogenic climate change is expected to strengthen the vertical wind shears at aircraft cruising altitudes within the atmospheric jet streams. Such a strengthening would increase the prevalence of the shear instabilities that generate clear-air turbulence. Climate modelling studies have indicated that the amount of moderate-or-greater clear-air turbulence on transatlantic flight routes in winter will increase significantly in future as the climate changes. However,the individual responses of light,moderate,and severe clear-air turbulence have not previously been studied,despite their importance for aircraft operations. Here,we use climate model simulations to analyse the transatlantic wintertime clear-air turbulence response to climate change in five aviation-relevant turbulence strength categories. We find that the probability distributions for an ensemble of 21 clear-air turbulence diagnostics generally gain probability in their right-hand tails when the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is doubled. By converting the diagnostics into eddy dissipation rates,we find that the ensembleaverage airspace volume containing light clear-air turbulence increases by 59%(with an intra-ensemble range of 43%–68%),light-to-moderate by 75%(39%–96%),moderate by 94%(37%–118%),moderate-to-severe by 127%(30%–170%),and severe by 149%(36%–188%). These results suggest that the prevalence of transatlantic wintertime clear-air turbulence will increase significantly in all aviation-relevant strength categories as the climate changes.

关键词： turbulence climate change aviation jet stream

CR Geometry in 3-D(Dedicated to Professor Haim Brezis with admiration)

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2017年第2期38卷 695-710页

作者： paul C.YANG department of mathematics princeton universityFine HallW ashington RoadPrinceton NJ 08544 USA.

CR geometry studies the boundary of pseudo-convex manifolds. By concentrating on a choice of a contact form, the local geometry bears strong resemblence to conformal geometry. This paper deals with the role conformally invariant operators such as the Paneitz operator plays in the CR geometry in dimension three. While the sign of this operator is important in the embedding problem, the kernel of this operator is also closely connected with the stability of CR structures. The positivity of the CR-mass under the natural sign conditions of the Paneitz operator and the CR Yamabe operator is discussed. The CR positive mass theorem has a consequence for the existence of minimizer of the CR Yamabe problem. The pseudo-Einstein condition studied by Lee has a natural analogue in this dimension, and it is closely connected with the pluriharmonic *** author discusses the introduction of new conformally covariant operator P-prime and its associated Q-prime curvature and gives another natural way to find a canonical contact form among the class of pseudo-Einstein contact forms. Finally, an isoperimetric constant determined by the Q-prime curvature integral is discussed.

关键词： Paneitz operator, Embedding problem, Yamabe equation, Mass,P-prime, Q-prime curvature

Two pedogenic models for paleoclimatic records of magnetic susceptibility from Chinese and Siberian loess

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第2期51卷 284-293页

作者： paul HESSE Jiri CHLACHULA Department of Physical Geography Macquarie University NSW 2109 Australia Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Institute of Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

The magnetic susceptibility (MS) of Chinese loess showing a general proportional relationship to pedogenic grade has been widely recognized and used for reconstruction of paleoclimate by Quaternary scientists. The in-... 详细信息

关键词： Siberian loess Chinese loess paleoclimate magnetic susceptibility magnetic mineralogy environmental magnetism

A sweeping preconditioner for Yee＇s finite difference approximation of time-harmonic Maxwell＇s equations

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2012年第2期7卷 347-363页

作者： paul TSUJI Lexing YING ICES University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA Department of Mathematics University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

This paper is concerned with the fast iterative solution of linear systems arising from finite difference discretizations in electromagnetics. The sweeping preconditioner with moving perfectly matched layers previously developed for the Helmholtz equation is adapted for the popular Yee grid scheme for wave propagation in inhomogeneous, anisotropic media. Preliminary numerical results are presented for typical examples.

关键词： Electromagnetic scattering Yee grid finite difference methods perfectly matched layers LDLT factorizations multifrontal method wave propagation in inhomogeneous and anisotropic media matrix preconditioners