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Vegetated treatment area (VTAs) efficiencies for E. coli and nutrient removal on small-scale swine operations

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第2期6卷 153-164页

作者： R.Daren Harmel Rehanon Pampell Terry Gentry Doug R.smith Chad Hajda kevin Wagner patti k.smith Rick L.Haney kori D.Higgs USDA-ARS 2150Centre Ave.Bldg.DSuite340Fort CollinsCO80526USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research 720E.Blackland RoadTempleTX76502USA Soil and Crop Sciences Dept. Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA USDA-ARS 808E.Blackland RoadTempleTX76502USA Oklahoma State University 139Ag HallStillwaterOK74078USA Biological and Agricultural Engineering Dept. Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA

As small-scale animal feeding operations work to manage their byproducts and avoid regulation, they need practical, cost-effective methods to reduce environmental impact. One such option is using vege-tative treatment areas (VTAs) with perennial grasses to treat runoff;however, research is limited on VTA effectiveness as a waste management alternative for smaller operations. This study evaluated the effi-ciencies of VTAs in reducing bacteria and nutrient runoff from small-scale swine operations in three counties in Central Texas. Based on 4 yr of runoff data, the Bell and Brazos VTAs significantly reduced loads and concentrations of E. coli and nutrients (except NO3-N) and had treatment efficiencies of 73–94%. Most notably, the Bell VTA reduced loads of E. coli, NH4-N, PO4-P, total N, and total P similar to that of the background (control). In spite of significant reductions, runoff from the Brazos VTA had higher concentrations and loads than the control site, especially following installation of concrete pens and increased pen washing, which produced standing water and increased E. coli and nutrient influx. The Robertson VTA produced fewer significant reductions and had lower treatment efficiencies (29–69%);however, E. coli and nutrient concentrations and loads leaving this VTA were much lower than observed at the Bell and Brazos County sites due to alternative solids management and enclosed pens. Based on these results and previous research, VTAs can be practical, effective waste management alternatives for reducing nutrient and bacteria losses from small-scale animal operations, but only if properly designed and managed.

关键词： Bacteria Nutrients Swine manure Waste management Water quality

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Minimally invasive esophagectomy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第30期16卷 3811-3815页

作者： Fernando A Herbella Marco G patti Department of Surgery University of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChicagoIL 60637United States

Esophageal resection is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) might theoretically decrease this rate. We reviewed the current literature on MIE, with a focus on the available techniques, outcomes and comparison with open surgery. This review shows that the available literature on MIE is still crowded with heterogeneous studies with different techniques. There are no controlled and randomized trials, and the few retrospective comparative cohort studies are limited by small numbers of patients and biased by historical controls of open surgery. Based on the available literature, there is no evidence that MIE brings clear benef its compared to conventional esophagectomy. Increasing experience and the report of larger series might change this scenario.

关键词： Esophageal resection Transhiatal esophagectomy Transthoracic esophagectomy Esophageal cancer Minimally invasive esophagectomy Laparoscopy Thoracoscopy

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease:From pathophysiology to treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第30期16卷 3745-3749页

作者： Fernando A Herbella Marco G patti Department of Surgery University of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChicagoIL 60637United States

This review focuses on the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its implications for treatment. The role of the natural anti-reflux mechanism (lower esophageal sphincter, esophageal peristalsis, diaphragm, and trans-diaphragmatic pressure gradient), mucosal damage, type of refluxate, presence and size of hiatal hernia, Helicobacter pylori infection, and Barrett’s esophagus are reviewed. The conclusions drawn from this review are: (1) the pathophysiology of GERD is multifactorial; (2) because of the pathophysiology of the disease, surgical therapy for GERD is the most appropriate treatment; and (3) the genesis of esophageal adenocarcinoma is associated with GERD.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Pathophysiology Acid reflux Non-acid reflux Esophageal manometry Ambulatory pH Barrett’s esophagus Esophageal adenocarcinoma

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease:From heartburn to cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第30期16卷 3743-3744页

作者： Marco G patti Irving Waxman Department of Surgery University of ChicagoPritzker School of MedicineChicagoIL 60637United States Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics (CERT) University of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChicagoIL 60637United States

About 10%-15% of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease develop Barrett’s esophagus. This is considered a premalignant condition because it can progress from metaplasia to high-grade dysplasia, and eventually to adenocarcinoma. Recently, major advances have been made in the endoscopic treatment of Barrett’s esophagus, therefore limiting the role of surgery in the treatment of this disease.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Barrett’s esophagus Esophageal adenocarcinoma Laparoscopic fundoplication Radiofrequency ablation Esophageal endoscopic mucosal resection Minimally invasive esophagectomy

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Splenic lymphangiomatosis showing rapid growth during lactation:A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第9期16卷 1155-1157页

作者： Rosalia patti Emilio Iannitto Gaetano Di Vita General Surgery Unit Department of Surgical and Oncological SciencesUniversity of Palermo Haematological Division University of Palermo

Splenic lymphangiomatosis is a very rare condition that,from 1990 to date,has been described only nine *** the present report,we describe the first case of splenic lymphangiomatosis with rapid growth during lactation in a 35-year-old *** also underline the difficultly in making an accurate preoperative diagnosis,despite more modern imaging *** splenectomy was considered to be the treatment needed,both to make a definitive diagnosis and to exclude the presence of malignancy.

关键词： Lymphangiomatosis Spleen Lactation

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Pathophysiological significance of increased α-synuclein deposition in sympathetic nerves in Parkinson’s disease: a post-mortem observational study

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 737-746页

作者： Risa Isonaka patti Sullivan David S.Goldstein Autonomic Medicine Section Clinical Neurosciences ProgramDivision of Intramural ResearchNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by intra-neuronal deposition of the protein α-synuclein (α-syn) and by deficiencies of the catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine (NE) in the brain and heart. Accumulation of α-syn in sympathetic noradrenergic nerves may provide a useful PD biomarker;however, whether α-syn buildup is pathophysiological has been unclear. If it were, one would expect associations of intra-neuronal α-syn deposition with catecholaminergic denervation and with decreased NE contents in the same samples. Methods: We assayed immunoreactive α-syn and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, a marker of catecholaminergic innerva-tion) concurrently with catecholamines in coded post-mortem scalp skin, submandibular gland (SMG), and apical left ventricular myocardial tissue samples from 14 patients with autopsy-proven PD and 12 age-matched control subjects who did not have a neurodegenerative disease. Results: The PD group had increased α-syn in sympathetic noradrenergically innervated arrector pili muscles (5.7 times control, P kin or SMG. Conclusions: PD entails increased α-syn in skin, SMG, and myocardial tissues. In skin and SMG, augmented α-syn deposition in sympathetic nerves does not seem to be pathogenic. The pathophysiological significance of intra-neuronal α-syn deposition appears to be organ-selective and prominent in the heart.

关键词： Synuclein Tyrosine hydroxylase Norepinephrine Immunofluorescence Parkinson Post-mortem

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Dystrophic calcification and heterotopic ossification in fibrocartilaginous tissues of the spine in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis(DISH)

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Bone Research 2020年第2期8卷 209-218页

作者： Dale E.Fournier patti k.kiser Ryan J.Beach S.Jeffrey Dixon Cheryle A.Séguin Health and Rehabilitation Sciences(Physical Therapy) Faculty of Health SciencesThe University of Western OntarioLondonON N6A 5B9Canada Bone and Joint Institute The University of Western OntarioLondonON N6G 2V4Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryThe University of Western OntarioLondonON N6A 5C1Canada Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryThe University of Western OntarioLondonON N6A 5C1Canada

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis(DISH) is a prevalent noninflammatory spondyloarthropathy characterized by ectopic mineral formation along the anterolateral aspect of the vertebral column, yet little is known about its underlying pathogenesis. Our objective was to evaluate the histopathological features and composition of ectopic mineral within spinal tissues affected by DISH in humans. Thoracic spine segments from six embalmed cadaveric donors(one female and five males;median age 82 years)meeting the radiographic diagnostic criteria for DISH were evaluated using radiological, histological, and physical analyses. Overall,the histological features of ectopic mineralization at individual motion segments were heterogeneous, including regions of heterotopic ossification and dystrophic calcification. Heterotopic ossifications were characterized by woven and lamellar bone,multifocal areas of metaplastic cartilage, and bony bridges along the anterior aspect of the intervertebral disc space. Dystrophic calcifications were characterized by an amorphous appearance, a high content of calcium and phosphorus, an X-ray diffraction pattern matching that of hydroxyapatite, and radiodensities exceeding that of cortical bone. Dystrophic calcifications were found within the anterior longitudinal ligament and annulus fibrosus in motion segments both meeting and not meeting the radiographic criteria for DISH. In summary, our findings indicate that in DISH, ectopic mineral forms along the anterior aspect of the spine by both heterotopic ossification and dystrophic calcification of fibrocartilaginous tissues. Although both types of ectopic mineralization are captured by current radiographic criteria for DISH, dystrophic calcification may reflect a distinct disease process or an early stage in the pathogenesis of DISH.

关键词： DISH ossification calcification

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease and morbid obesity: To sleeve or not to sleeve?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第13期23卷 2269-2275页

作者： Fabrizio Rebecchi Marco E Allaix Marco G patti Francisco Schlottmann Mario Morino Department of Surgical Sciences University of Torino Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing University of North Carolina

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy(LSG) has reached wide popularity during the last 15 years, due to the limited morbidity and mortality rates, and the very good weight loss results and effects on comorbid conditions. However, there are concerns regarding the effects of LSG on gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD). The interpretation of the current evidence is challenged by the fact that the LSG technique is not standardized, and most studies investigate the presence of GERD by assessing symptoms and the use of acid reducing medications only. A few studies objectively investigated gastroesophageal function and the reflux profile by esophageal manometry and 24-h p H monitoring, reporting postoperative normalization of esophageal acid exposure in up to 85% of patients with preoperative GERD, and occurrence of de novo GERD in about 5% of cases. There is increasing evidence showing the key role of the surgical technique on the incidence of postoperative GERD. Main technical issues are a relative narrowing of the mid portion of the gastric sleeve, a redundant upper part of the sleeve(both depending on the angle under which the sleeve is stapled), and the presence of a hiatal hernia. Concomitant hiatal hernia repair is recommended. To date, either medical therapy with proton pump inhibitors or conversion of LSG to laparoscopic Rouxen-Y gastric bypass are the available options for the management of GERD after LSG. Recently, new minimally invasive approaches have been proposed in patients with GERD and hypotensive LES: the LINX? Reflux Management System procedure and the Stretta? procedure. Large studies are needed to assess the safety and long-term efficacy of these new approaches. In conclusion, the recent publication of p H monitoring data and the new insights in the association between sleeve morphology and GERD control have led to a wider acceptance of LSG as bariatric procedure also in obese patients with GERD, as recently stated in the 5^(th) International Consensus Con

关键词： Sleeve gastrectomy Gastroesophageal reflux Morbid obesity Ambulatory p H monitoring Esophageal manometry

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The role of latitudinal, genetic and temperature variation in the induction of diapause of Papilio glaucus （Lepidoptera： Papilionidae）

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Insect Science 2018年第2期25卷 328-336页

作者： Sean F. Ryan patti Valella Gabrielle Thivierge Matthew L. Aardema J. Mark Scriber Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana USA USDA-ARS Center for Medical Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology 1600/1700 Southwest 23rd Drive Gainesville Florida USA Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA Life Science Department Long Beach City College Long Beach California USA Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics American Museum of Natural History New York New York USA McGuire Centerfor Lepidoptera and Diversity University of Florida Gainesville Florida US

A key adaptation in insects for dealing with variable environmental conditions is the ability to diapause. The tiger swallowtail butterflies, Papilio glaucus and P. canadensis are ideal species to explore the genetic causes and population genetic consequences of diapause because divergence in this trait is believed to be a salient factor in maintaining a hybrid zone between these species. Yet little is known about the factors that influence diapause induction in this system. Here we explored how spatial （latitudinal）, environmental （temperature） and genetic （hybridization） factors affect diapause induction in this system. Specifically, a series of growth chamber experiments using wild caught individuals from across the eastern United States were performed to：（1） evaluate how critical photoperiod varies with latitude, （2） isolate the stage in which induction occurs, （3） test whether changes in temperature affected rates of diapause induction, and （4） explore how the incidence of diapause is affected in hybrid offspring. We find that induction occurs in the larval stage, is not sensitive to a relatively broad range of temperatures, appears to have a complex genetic basis （i.e., is not simply a dominant trait following a Mendelian inheritance pattern） and that the critical photoperiod increases by 0.4 h with each increasing degree in latitude. This work deepens our understanding of how spatial, environmental and genetic variation influences a key seasonal adaptation （diapause induction） in a well-developed ecological model system and will make possible future studies that explore how climatic variation affects the population dynamics and genetics of this system.

关键词： adaptation critical photoperiod development diapauses facultative hybridization

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Deletion of Glutl in early postnatal cartilage reprograms chondrocytes toward enhanced glutamine oxidation

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Bone Research 2021年第4期9卷 507-520页

作者： Cuicui Wang Jun Ying Xiangfeng Niu Xiaofei Li Gary J.patti Jie Shen Regis J.O’keefe Department of Orthopaedic Surgery School of MedicineWashington UniversitySt.LouisMOUSA Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina Zhejiang Chinese Medical University HangzhouChina Department of Chemistry Genetics and MedicineWashington UniversitySt.LouisMOUSA

Glucose metabolism is fundamental for the functions of all tissues,including *** the emerging evidence related to glucose metabolism in the regulation of prenatal cartilage development,little is known about the role of glucose metabolism and its biochemical basis in postnatal cartilage growth and *** show here that genetic deletion of the glucose transporter Glutl in postnatal cartilage impairs cell proliferation and matrix production in growth plate(GPs)but paradoxically increases cartilage remnants in the metaphysis,resulting in shortening of long *** the other hand,articular cartilage(AC)with Glutl deficiency presents diminished cellularity and loss of proteoglycans,which ultimately progress to cartilage ***,predisposition to Glutl deficiency severely exacerbates injury-induced *** of the disparities in glucose metabolism between GP and AC chondrocytes under normal conditions,both types of chondrocytes demonstrate metabolic plasticity to enhance glutamine utilization and oxidation in the absence of glucose ***,uncontrolled glutamine flux causes collagen overmodification,thus affecting extracellular matrix remodeling in both cartilage *** results uncover the pivotal and distinct roles of Glutl-mediated glucose metabolism in two of the postnatal cartilage compartments and link some cartilage abnormalities to altered glucose/glutamine metabolism.

关键词： metabolism cartilage chondrocytes

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