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Climate Change Adaptation for People and Nature:A Case Study from the ***

Advances in Climate Change Research 2012年第1期3卷 22-37页

作者： patrick D.MCCARTHY The Nature Conservancy Santa Fe 87501U.S.

In the ***,global climate change,acting in concert with extant stressors such as urbanization and over-allocation of water resources,is changing ecosystems in measureable and sometimes dramatic ***-first century projections indicate accelerating climate change and cascading ecological *** observed to date include large-scale forest dieback,large and severe wildfires,and changes in the flow regimes of rivers and streams with attendant changes to riparian and aquatic *** temperatures and changing precipitation patterns are pushing ecosystems across physiological and ecological thresholds,causing widespread mortality and,in some cases,major changes in composition,structure and *** changes have prompted action by the conservation community to reduce the adverse effects of climate *** Southwest Climate Change Initiative(SWCCI),a project led by The Nature Conservancy,works with local stakeholders in affected landscapes,reduces adverse impacts on ecological and social systems using scientific knowledge and practical *** Initiative has learned through practical experience that: 1) managers must embrace change and manage for resilience rather than resistance;2) strong local science-management partnerships are critical to effective adaptation planning and implementation;3) planners and managers must broaden the scope and accelerate the pace of conservation activities if ecosystem services are to be sustained;4) adaptation often does not require radically new or different management practices,rather,conservationists already have many of the tools they need;and 5) rapid documentation and widespread communication of methods and findings can build rapidly regional capacity for climate change *** experience suggests that adaptation efforts can be effective if they are focused at the local scale;employ learning networks;and engage in ecosystem-based adaptation:the sustainable management,conservation

关键词： climate change adaptation ecosystem-based adaptation ecological thresholds learning networks

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DCAF1 (VprBP): emerging physiological roles for a unique dual-service E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate receptor

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journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2019年第9期11卷 725-735页

作者： N.Max Schabla Koushik Mondal patrick C.Swanson Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Creighton University2500 California PlazaOmahaNE 68178USA Present address:Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology Georg-August-University of GottingenMedical FacultyHumboldtallee 3437073 GottingenGermany Present address:Department of Ophthalmology Hamilton Eye InstituteUniversity of Tennessee Health Sciences Center930 Madison AvenueMemphisTN 38163USA

Cullin-RING ligases(CRLs)comprise a large group of modular eukaryotic E3 ubiquitin *** this family,the CRL4 ligase(consisting of the Cullin4[CUL4]scaffold protein,the Rbxl RING finger domain protein,the DNA damage-binding protein 1[DDB1],and one of many DDBl-associated substrate receptor proteins)has been intensively studied in recent years due to its involvement in regulating various cellular processes,its role in cancer development and progression,and its subversion by viral accessory *** discovered as a target for hijacking by the human immunodeficiency virus accessory protein r,the normal targets and function of the CRL4 substrate receptor protein DDBl-Cul4-associated factor 1(DCAF1;also known as VprBP)had remained elusive,but newer studies have begun to shed light on these ***,we review recent progress in understanding the diverse physiological roles of this DCAF1 in supporting various general and cell type-specific cellular processes in its context with the CRL4 E3 ligase,as well as another HECT-type E3 ligase with which DCAF1 also associates,called EDD/*** also discuss emerging questions and areas of future study to uncover the dynamic roles of DCAF1 in normal physiology.

关键词： V(D)j recombination Merlin Dicer p53 EDD/DYRK2 TET Hippo

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Comparison of novel tools with traditional cognitive tests in detecting delirium in elderly medical patients

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World journal of Psychiatry 2020年第4期10卷 46-58页

作者： David j Meagher Henry O’Connell Maeve Leonard Olugbenga Williams Fahad Awan Chris Exton Michael Tenorio Margaret O’Connor Colum P Dunne Walter cullen john McFarland Dimitrios Adamis Cognitive Impairment Research Group Graduate Entry Medical SchoolUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 YVHOIreland Department of Computer Sciences University of LimerickLimerick V94 YVHOIreland School of Medicine University College DublinDublin 4 D04 V1W8Ireland Sligo Mental Health Services BallytivanSligo F91 CD34Ireland

BACKGROUND Efficient detection of delirium and comorbid delirium-dementia is a key diagnostic *** of new,efficient delirium-focused methods of cognitive assessment is a key challenge for improved detection of neurocognitive disorders in everyday clinical *** To compare the accuracy of two novel bedside tests of attention,vigilance and visuospatial function with conventional bedside cognitive tests in identifying delirium in older hospitalized *** 180 consecutive elderly medical inpatients(mean age 79.6±7.2;51%female)referred to a psychiatry for later life consultation-liaison service with delirium,dementia,comorbid delirium-dementia and cognitively intact *** were assessed cross-sectionally with conventional bedside cognitive tests[WORLD,Months Backward test(MBT),Spatial span,Vigilance A and B,Clock Drawing test and Interlocking Pentagons test]and two novel cognitive tests[Lighthouse test,Letter and Shape Drawing test(LSD)-4].RESULTS Neurocognitive diagnoses were delirium(n=44),dementia(n=30),comorbid delirium-dementia(n=60)and no neurocognitive disorder(n=46).All conventional tests had sensitivity of>70%for delirium,with best overall accuracy for the Vigilance-B(78.3%),Vigilance-A(77.8%)and MBT(76.7%)*** sustained attention component of the Lighthouse test was the most distinguishing of delirium(sensitivity 84.6%;overall accuracy 75.6%).The LSD-4 had sensitivity of 74.0%and overall accuracy 74.4%for delirium *** tests allowed for enhanced sensitivity(>90%)and overall accuracy(≥75%)with the highest overall accuracy for the combination of MBT-Vigilance A and the combined Vigilance A and B tests(both 78.3%).When analyses were repeated for those with dementia,there were similar findings with the MBTVigilance A the most accurate overall combination(80.0%).Combining the Lighthouse-SA with the LSD-4,a fail in either test had sensitivity for delirium of 91.4 with overall accuracy of 74.4%.

关键词： Visuospatial function Attention Vigilance Letter and Shape Drawing test Lighthouse test Delirium Dementia Phenomenology Assessment

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Adaptive optics in laser processing

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 140-155页

作者： patrick S.Salter Martin j.Booth Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PJUK

Adaptive optics are becoming a valuable tool for laser processing,providing enhanced functionality and flexibility for a range of *** a single adaptive element,it is possible to correct for aberrations introduced when focusing inside the workpiece,tailor the focal intensity distribution for the particular fabrication task and/or provide parallelisation to reduce processing *** is particularly promising for applications using ultrafast lasers for threedimensional *** review recent developments in adaptive laser processing,including methods and applications,before discussing prospects for the future.

关键词： laser optics workpiece

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Zinc deficiency in patients with chronic pancreatitis

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第5期25卷 600-607页

作者： Miroslav Vujasinovic AleksANDra Hedstr?m patrick Maisonneuve Roberto Valente Henrik von Horn j-Matthias L?hr Stephan L Haas Department for Digestive Diseases Karolinska University Hospital Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS Department for Digestive Diseases Sapienza University of Rome Division of Clinical Chemistry Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC)Karolinska Institute

BACKGROUND Zinc is a key element in numerous proteins and plays an important role in essential cell functions such as defense against free radicals and DNA damage repair. Chronic pancreatitis(CP) is a chronic inflammation with progressive fibrosis of pancreas ultimately resulting in pancreatic exocrine insufficiency(PEI),which is associated with malnutrition. Studies analyzing zinc levels in patients with CP are sparse and lead to conflicting *** To investigate serum zinc levels in patients with CP of various *** Between October 2015 and March 2018, patients with a diagnosis of CP were identified and recruited from the Pancreatic Outpatient Clinic at the Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were analyzed. Etiology of CP was determined according to the MANNHEIM classification system into the following etiological subcategories:alcohol consumption, nicotine consumption, hereditary factors, efferent pancreatic duct factors and immunological factors. Pancreatic exocrine function was defined as normal(fecal elastase 1 > 200 μg/g), mildly reduced(100-200μg/g) and severely reduced(fecal elastase 1 0.002]. Smoking and number of packyears were additionally associated with low zinc levels. The risk of zinc deficiency in current smokers and smokers with ≥ 20 pack-years was approximately three times higher

关键词： Zinc Pancreas Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency Chronic pancreatitis Malnutrition

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Temporal changes in inflammatory mitochondria-enriched microRNAs following traumatic brain injury and effects of miR-146a nanoparticle delivery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第3期16卷 514-522页

作者： Wang-Xia Wang Paresh Prajapati Hemendra j.Vekaria Malinda Spry Amber L.Cloud patrick G.Sullivan joe E.Springer Sanders Brown Center on Aging University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA Department of Pathology&Laboratory Medicine University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA Department of Neuroscience University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression and contribute to all aspects of cellular *** previously reported that the activities of several mitochondria-enriched miRNAs regulating inflammation(i.e.,miR-142-3p,miR-142-5p,and miR-146a)are altered in the hippocampus at 3–12 hours following a severe traumatic brain *** the present study,we investigated the temporal expression profile of these inflammatory miRNAs in mitochondria and cytosol fractions at more chronic post-injury times following severe controlled cortical impact injury in *** addition,several inflammatory genes were analyzed in the cytosol *** analysis showed that while elevated levels were observed in cytoplasm,the mitochondria-enriched miRNAs,miR-142-3p and miR-142-5p continued to be significantly reduced in mitochondria from injured hippocampi for at least 3 days and returned to near normal levels at 7 days *** not statistically significant,miR-146a also remained at reduced levels for up to 3 days following controlled cortical impact injury,and recovered by 7 *** contrast,miRNAs that are not enriched in mitochondria,including miR-124a,miR-150,miR-19b,miR-155,and miR-223 were either increased or demonstrated no change in their levels in mitochondrial fractions for 7 *** one exception was that miR-223 levels were reduced in mitochondria at 1 day following *** major alterations were observed in sham operated *** temporal pattern was unique to mitochondria-enriched miRNAs and correlated with injury-induced changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics as well as expression levels of several inflammatory *** observations suggested a potential compartmental re-distribution of the mitochondria-enriched inflammatory miRNAs and may reflect an intracellular mechanism by which specific miRNAs regulate injury-induced inflammatory *** test this,we utilized a novel peptide-based

关键词： cell permeable peptide-delivery controlled cortical impact inflammatory pathway mitochondria-associated microRNA nanoparticle nuclear factor-kappa B traumatic brain injury

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Non-destructive microstructural analysis by electrical conductivity:Comparison with hardness measurements in different materials

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第3期35卷 360-368页

作者： Gon?alo L.Sorger j.P.Oliveira patrick L.Inácio Norbert Enzinger Pedro Vila? R.M.Miranda Telmo G.Santos Department of Engineering Design and Production School of Engineering Aalto University Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State University UNIDEMI Departamento de Engenharia Mecanica e Industrial Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade Nova de Lisboa IMAT-Institute of Materials Science Joining and FormingTU Graz

The use of non-destructive evaluation(NDE) techniques for assessing microstructural changes in processed materials is of particular importance as it can be used to assess, qualitatively, the integrity of any material/structure. Among the several NDE techniques available, electrical conductivity measurements using eddy currents attract great attention owing to its simplicity and reliability. In this work, the electrical conductivity profiles of friction stir processed Ti6Al4 V, Cu, Pb, S355 steel and gas tungsten arc welded AISI 304 stainless steel were determined through eddy currents and four-point probe. In parallel, hardness measurements were also performed. The profiles matched well with the optical macrographs of the materials: while entering in the processed region a variation in both profiles was always observed. One particular advantage of electrical conductivity profiles over hardness was evident: it provides a better resolution of the microstructural alterations in the processed materials. Moreover, when thermomechanical processing induces microstructural changes that modify the magnetic properties of a material,eddy currents testing can be used to qualitatively determine the phase fraction in a given region of the material. A qualitative relation between electrical conductivity measurements and hardness is observed.

关键词： Non-destructive evaluation techniques Electrical conductivity Hardness Friction stir processing Gas tungsten arc welding

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Stroma-targeting strategies in pancreatic cancer:Past lessons,challenges and prospects

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第18期27卷 2105-2121页

作者： Faran Polani patrick M Grierson Kian-Huat Lim Division of Oncology Department of Internal MedicineBarnes-Jewish Hospital and The Alvin J.Siteman Comprehensive Cancer CenterWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO 63110United States

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is projected to emerge as the second leading cause of cancer-related death after *** treatment resistance is perhaps the most significant factor that underlies the poor prognosis of *** date,combination chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for most PDAC *** to other cancer types,treatment response of PDAC tumors to similar chemotherapy regimens is clearly much lower and *** from typically harboring genetic alterations that to date remain undruggable and are drivers of treatment resistance,PDAC tumors are uniquely characterized by a densely fibrotic stroma that has well-established roles in promoting cancer progression and treatment ***,emerging evidence also suggests that indiscriminate targeting and near complete depletion of stroma may promote PDAC aggressiveness and lead to detrimental *** conflicting results undoubtedly warrant the need for a more in-depth understanding of the heterogeneity of tumor stroma in order to develop modulatory strategies in favor of tumor *** advent of novel techniques including single cell RNA sequencing and multiplex immunohistochemistry have further illuminated the complex heterogeneity of tumor cells,stromal fibroblasts,and immune *** new knowledge is instrumental for development of more refined therapeutic strategies that can ultimately defeat this ***,we provide a concise review on lessons learned from past stromatargeting strategies,new challenges revealed from recent preclinical and clinical studies,as well as new prospects in the treatment of PDAC.

关键词： Stroma Pancreatic cancer Treatment resistance Cancer-associated fibroblasts Clinical trials

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The Role and Effectiveness of Local Institutions in the Management of Forest Biodiversity in New Dabaga-Ulongambi Forest Reserve,Iringa Region-Tanzania

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Chinese journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2012年第1期10卷 111-115页

作者： Richard A.Giliba Zacharia j.Lupala Canisius j.Kayombo Yobu M.Kiungo patrick Mwendwa Forestry Training Institute Tanzania Kilolo District Natural Resources Office Iringa jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Kenya

This paper examines the role and effectiveness of locacal institutions in the management of forest biodiversity in New Dabaga-Ulongambi Forest Reserve, Tanzania. Data were obtained through questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, participatory rural appraisal and field observations. The study revealed that the most remarkable local institutions connected to forest biodiversity management include： Village Natural Resources Man- agement Committee （92%）, tree nursery group （79.4%）, beekeep- ing groups （61.1%）, fish fanning （43.3%）, livestock rearing group （33.9%）. Main activities carried out by local institutions which directly contribute to the sustainability Of forest reserve include： forest patrols, fire extinguish, preparation of fire breaks, plant- ing of trees along the forest boundaries, creation of awareness, arresting of forest defaulters, participation in income generation activities. For the purpose of realization that local communities are capable of managing forest biodiversity through their traditional institutions, the policy should provide tangible opportunity for local communities to meet their needs as they manage the forests.

关键词： local institution participatory forest management forest biodiversity

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逻辑学基础

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2017年

作者： patrick j. Hurley

本书主要介绍逻辑学基础知识, 包括非形式逻辑、直言命题、直言三段论、命题逻辑、自然演绎规则和谓词逻辑等。

ISBN: (数字)9787518411641

ISBN: (纸本)9787518411641

本书主要介绍逻辑学基础知识, 包括非形式逻辑、直言命题、直言三段论、命题逻辑、自然演绎规则和谓词逻辑等。

关键词：逻辑学

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