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Importance of being Nernst: Synaptic activity and functional relevance in stem cell-derived neurons

World Journal of Stem Cells 2015年第6期7卷 899-921页

作者： Aaron B Bradford patrick m mcNutt Cell/molecular Biology Branch US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical DefenseAberdeen Proving Grounds-EAMD 21010United States

Functional synaptogenesis and network emergence are signature endpoints of neurogenesis. These behaviors provide higher-order confirmation that biochemical and cellular processes necessary for neurotransmitter release, post-synaptic detection and network propagationof neuronal activity have been properly expressed and coordinated among cells. The development of synaptic neurotransmission can therefore be considered a defining property of neurons. Although dissociated primary neuron cultures readily form functioning synapses and network behaviors in vitro, continuously cultured neurogenic cell lines have historically failed to meet these criteria. Therefore, in vitro-derived neuron models that develop synaptic transmission are critically needed for a wide array of studies, including molecular neuroscience, developmental neurogenesis, disease research and neurotoxicology. Over the last decade, neurons derived from various stem cell lines have shown varying ability to develop into functionally mature neurons. In this review, we will discuss the neurogenic potential of various stem cells populations, addressing strengths and weaknesses of each, with particular attention to the emergence of functional behaviors. We will propose methods to functionally characterize new stem cell-derived neuron(SCN) platforms to improve their reliability as physiological relevant models. Finally, we will review how synaptically active SCNs can be applied to accelerate research in a variety of areas. Ultimately, emphasizing the critical importance of synaptic activity and network responses as a marker of neuronal maturation is anticipated to result in in vitro findings that better translate to efficacious clinical treatments.

关键词： Synapses Neurotransmission In vitrotechniques Induced pluripotent stem cells Neuronalnetworks Neurogenesis Neural stem cells Embryonicstem cells Induced neurons

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The role of ultrasonic bat detectors in improving inventory and monitoring surveys in Vietnamese karst bat assemblages

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Current Zoology 2009年第5期55卷 327-341页

作者： neil m.FUREY Iain J.mACKIE Paul A.RACEY School of Biological Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeen

Bats account for 30% of mammal diversity in SE Asia and are potential bioindicators of wider biodiversity impacts resulting from habitat loss and climate change. As existing sampling techniques in the region typically fail to record bats that habitually fly in open areas and at higher altitudes, current inventory efforts are less than comprehensive. Acoustic sampling with bat detectors may help to overcome these limitations for insectivorous bats, but has yet to be tested in mainland SE Asia. To do so, we sampled bats while simultaneously recording the echolocation calls of insectivorous species commuting and foraging in a variety of karst habitats in north Vietnam. monitoring of cave-dwelling bats was also undertaken. Discriminant function analysis of 367 echolocation calls produced by 30 insectivorous species showed that acoustic identification was feasible by correctly classifying 89. 1% of calls. In all habitats, acoustic sampling and capture methods recorded significantly more species each night than capture methods alone. Capture methods consequently failed to record 29% （ten spp. of aerial insectivores） of the bat fauna in commuting and foraging habitats and 11% （two spp. ） of that in our cave sample. Only four of these species were subsequently captured following significantly greater sampling effort. This strongly suggests that acoustic methods are indispensable for maximizing bat inventory completeness in SE Asia. As accurate inventories and monitoring are essential for effective species conservation, we recommend the inclusion of acoustic sampling in future studies of bat assemblages across the region [ Current Zoology 55 （5）： 327 - 341, 2009].

关键词： Bats Echolocation Inventory completeness Karst Vietnam

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Stroma-targeting strategies in pancreatic cancer:Past lessons,challenges and prospects

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第18期27卷 2105-2121页

作者： Faran Polani patrick m Grierson Kian-Huat Lim Division of Oncology Department of Internal MedicineBarnes-Jewish Hospital and The Alvin J.Siteman Comprehensive Cancer CenterWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO 63110United States

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is projected to emerge as the second leading cause of cancer-related death after *** treatment resistance is perhaps the most significant factor that underlies the poor prognosis of *** date,combination chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for most PDAC *** to other cancer types,treatment response of PDAC tumors to similar chemotherapy regimens is clearly much lower and *** from typically harboring genetic alterations that to date remain undruggable and are drivers of treatment resistance,PDAC tumors are uniquely characterized by a densely fibrotic stroma that has well-established roles in promoting cancer progression and treatment ***,emerging evidence also suggests that indiscriminate targeting and near complete depletion of stroma may promote PDAC aggressiveness and lead to detrimental *** conflicting results undoubtedly warrant the need for a more in-depth understanding of the heterogeneity of tumor stroma in order to develop modulatory strategies in favor of tumor *** advent of novel techniques including single cell RNA sequencing and multiplex immunohistochemistry have further illuminated the complex heterogeneity of tumor cells,stromal fibroblasts,and immune *** new knowledge is instrumental for development of more refined therapeutic strategies that can ultimately defeat this ***,we provide a concise review on lessons learned from past stromatargeting strategies,new challenges revealed from recent preclinical and clinical studies,as well as new prospects in the treatment of PDAC.

关键词： Stroma Pancreatic cancer Treatment resistance Cancer-associated fibroblasts Clinical trials

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Crystallization kinetics of Sn_(40)Se_(60) thin films for phase change memory applications

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Journal of Semiconductors 2015年第6期36卷 17-20页

作者： Joshua m.Kundu patrick m.Karimi Walter K.Njoroge Department of Physics Kenyatta University

The crystallization kinetics of Sn4oSe6o thin films has been successfully investigated using sheet resis- tance versus temperature measurements. Thermal evaporation was used to deposit the films on ordinary glass sub- strates. The crystallization temperature for Sn4oSe60 thin film was found to be 156.6 -t- 0.3 ~C. In the as-deposited state, the sheet resistance was found to be 195 mf2/[2, this value declined to 1560 f2/[2] upon annealing. The value of activation energy obtained from the Kissinger plot was 0.62 ＋ 0.07 eV. From the results obtained, SnaoSe60 is a promising alloy for PCm application because of its high electrical contrast, high crystallization temperature, and relatively high activation energy.

关键词： crystallization temperature activation energy electrical contrast phase change memory

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Laparoscopic Surgery of Incisional Hernia: Technique and Short-Term Results in Three Surgical Units in Cameroon

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Surgical Science 2024年第4期15卷 232-243页

作者： Guy Aristide Bang Eric patrick Savom Achille Aimé Bekolo Otiti Fred Dikongue Dikongue mahamat Yannick Ekani Boukar Richard II mbele Cédric Paterson Atangana Daniel Biwole Biwole Arthur Essomba Yaoundé Teaching Hospital Yaound&#233 Cameroon Faculty of medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I Yaound&#233 Cameroon Yaoundé General Hospital Yaound&#233 Cameroon Faculty of medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Yaoundé Central Hospital Yaound&#233 Cameroon

Introduction: Incisional hernia is a common medical situation and its treatment has always been a challenge for general surgeons. If laparoscopic repair has become a gold standard elsewhere, it is increasingly done in our milieu, but no data has been found. The aim of this study was to review this surgery done in our country so far, to describe the operative technique and to evaluate the postoperative outcomes. Patients and methods: We conducted an observational descriptive study with retrospective collection of data from the 1st of July 2018 to 30th of June 2022, in three hospitals in Cameroon. Data on socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, surgical technique and postoperative outcomes of patients who had a laparoscopic repair of their incisional hernia were collected. Results: We reviewed 20 files. There were 14 women with an average age of 54.6 years. The average BmI was 32.8 kg/m2. Thirteen patients had a moderate size hernia and the hernia was localized at the midline in 18 cases. Only composite biface meshes were used with dimensions chosen to obtain at least 5 cm overlap. Spiral tacks were the only fixation means used. We registered 3 complications. One case of generalized peritonitis secondary to missed digestive perforation, one case of seroma and one case of postoperative ileus. We registered no death. Conclusion: Laparoscopic repair of incisional hernias is feasible in a resource-limited setting like ours. Compliance with the operative technique and recommendations is important to obtain short-term results closed to that put forward by literature.

关键词： Incisional Hernia Laparoscopy Repair Composite Biface mesh Postoperative Outcomes

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Chronic peripheral inflammation: a possible contributor to neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第9期16卷 1711-1714页

作者： patrick Süβ Addison J.Lana Johannes C.m.Schlachetzki Department of molecular Neurology Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NürnbergUniversity Hospital ErlangenErlangenGermany Department of Cellular and molecular medicine University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA

The contribution of chronic peripheral inflammation to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is an outstanding question. Sustained activation of the peripheral innate and adaptive immune systems occurs in the context of a broad array of disorders ranging from chronic infectious diseases to autoimmune and metabolic diseases. In addition, progressive systemic inflammation is increasingly recognized during aging. Peripheral immune cells could potentially modulate the cellular brain environment via the secretion of soluble molecules. There is an ongoing debate whether peripheral immune cells have the potential to migrate into the brain under certain permissive circumstances. In this perspective, we discuss the possible contribution of chronic peripheral inflammation to the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases with a focus on microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain parenchyma.

关键词： aging Alzheimer's disease inflammation innate immune system microglia neurodegeneration Parkinson's disease

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Revisiting the dissolution of biogenic Si in marine sediments： a key term in the ocean Si budget

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Acta Geochimica 2017年第3期36卷 429-432页

作者： patrick Frings Department of Geoscience Swedish Museum of Natural History 10405 Stockholm Sweden Earth Surface Geochemistry GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences 14473 Telegrafenberg Potsdam Germany

Of the　~240*10^(12)mol year^(-1)of biogenic silica(bSi)produced by diatoms and other silicifying organisms,only roughly 3%–4%escapes dissolution to be permanently *** the global scale,how,where and why b Si is preserved in sediment is not well *** help address this,I compile 6245 porewater dissolved Si concentrations from 453 sediment cores,to derive the concentration gradient at the sediment–water interface and thus diffusive fluxes out of the *** range from\0.002 to 3.4 mol m^(-2)year^(-1),and are independent of temperature,depth and *** classified by sediment lithology,predominantly siliceous sediments unsurprisingly have higher mean diffusive fluxes than predominantly calcareous or clay-rich *** with the areal extent of these lithologies,the‘best-guess’global sedimentary b Si recycling flux is69 9 10^(12)mol year^(-1).

关键词： Biogenic silica Diatoms Ocean Si cycle Dissolution

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Beyond the SDG 15.3.1 Good Practice Guidance 1.0 using the Google Earth Engine platform: developing a self-adjusting algorithm to detect significant changes in water use efficiency and net primary production

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Big Earth Data 2023年第1期7卷 59-80页

作者： Andrea markos neil Sims Gregory Giuliani Foundation for the Conservation of the Chiquitano Forest Santa CruzBolivia Bolivian National Academy of Sciences La PazBolivia Centre for Earth Observation Space&AstronomyCSIROClaytonAustralia GEO LDN Initiative Institute for Environmental Sciences EnviroSPACE LabUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Institute for Environmental Sciences GRID-GenevaUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland

monitoring changes in Annual Net Primary Productivity(ANPP)is required for reporting on UN Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)Indicator 15.3.1:the proportion of land that is degraded over the total land *** time-series observations of ANPP to derive Water Use Efficiency(WUE;a measure of ANPP per unit of evapotranspiration)can minimize the influence of climate factors on ANPP observations and highlight the influence of non-climatic drivers of degradation such as land use *** the ANPP and WUE time series may be useful for identifying the primary drivers of land degradation,which could be used to support the Land Degradation Neutrality objectives of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification(UNCCD).This paper presents an algorithm for the Google Earth Engine(freely and openly available upon request-http://***/10.5281/zenodo.4429773)to calculate and compare ANPP and WUE time series for Santa Cruz,Bolivia,which has recently experienced an intensification in its land *** code builds on the Good Practice Guidance document(ver-sion 1)for monitoring SDG Indicator *** use the mODIS 16-day average,250 m resolution to demonstrate that the Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI)responds faster to changes in water avail-ability than the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI).We also consider the relationships between ANPP and *** and concordant trends may highlight good agricultural practices or increased resilience in ecosystem structure and productivity when they are positive or reducing resilience and functional integrity if *** sign and significance of the correlation between ANPP and WUE may also diverge over *** further analysis,it may be possible to interpret this relationship in terms of the drivers of change in plant productivity and ecosystem resilience.

关键词： Land degradation land productivity water use efficiency Google Earth Engine mODIS Good Practice Guidance SDG 15.3.1

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A hot future for cool materials

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能源前沿:英文版 2023年第4期17卷 447-449页

作者： Xavier mOYA neil D.mATHUR Department of materials Science University of CambridgeCambridge CB3 0FSUK

The ewidespreadneed to pump heat necessitates simprovements that will increase energy efficiency and,more generally,reduce eenvironmental *** discussed at the recent Calorics 2022 Conference,heat-pump devices based on... 详细信息

关键词： magnetocaloric electrocaloric mechanoca-loric elastocaloric barocaloric

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Better together?Comparing physical activity of parents walking outdoors with and without their child

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Sports medicine and Health Science 2023年第3期5卷 190-195页

作者： patrick m.Filanowski Emily Slade Department of Sport Science&management Xavier UniversityCincinnatiOH45207USA Department of Biostatistics University of KentuckyLexingtonKY40506USA

This study compares the physical activity levels and enjoyment of parents(n=50;age=41.8±4.0 years)during outdoor,self-paced walking sessions while walking alone and when walking with their 6-to-12-year-old *** counts,moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(mVPA),vigorous physical activity,and enjoyment were compared using paired *** modeling was used to examine the impact of children's age and adults'and children's body mass index on the disparity in step counts experienced by *** attained high percentages of time spent in mVPA while walking alone(99.8%)and when walking with their child(96.6%).However,more of this time was categorized as vigorous physical activity when walking alone(13.6%vs.3.0%,p=0.006).Adults'step counts decreased by an average of 6.4%while walking with their child compared to walking alone(pmal-weight adults(p=0.042).Although adults obtained higher step counts and vigorous physical activity while walking alone,they enjoyed walking more with their child(pmaking recommendations for parent-child co-participation in physical activity,and parents may wish to supplement their physical activity obtained while walking with their child(ren)with additional activities that result in vigorous physical activity.

关键词： alone walking younger

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