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Does the McNeill Alexander model accurately predict maximum walking speed in novice and experienced race walkers？

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j.urnal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第3期7卷 372-377页

作者： Andrew j.Harrison patrick G.Molloy Laura-Anne M.Furlong Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences University of LimerickCastletroyLimerick V94 T9PXIreland School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough UniversityEpinalWayLoughboroughLeicestershire LEll 3TUUK

Background:Mathematical models propose leg length as a limiting factor in determining the maximum walking *** study evaluated the effectiveness of a leg length-based model in predicting maximum walking velocity in an applied race walking situation,by comparing experienced and novice race walkers during conditions where strictly no flight time(FT)was permitted and in simulated competition conditions(i.e.,FTj.mp Next system(8 m)was used to determine walking velocity,step frequency,step length,ground contact time,and FT during race walking over a range of *** were made between novice and experienced participants in predicted maximum velocity and actual velocities achieved with no flight and velocities with FT<40 *** technical effectiveness of the participants was assessed using the ratio of maximum velocity to predicted ***:In novices,no significant difference was found between predicted and maximum walking speeds without FT but there was a small 5.8%gain in maximum speed when FT≤40 *** experienced race walkers,there was a significant reduction in maximum walking speed compared with predicted maximum(p<0.01)and a 11.7%gain in maximum walking speed with FT<40 ***:Leg length was a good predictor of maximal walking velocity in novice walkers but not a good predictor of maximum walking speed in well-trained walkers who appear to have optimised their walking technique to make use of non-visible flight periods of less than 40 *** gain in velocity above predicted maximum may be a useful index of race walking proficiency.

关键词： Biomechanics Gait Mathematical modelling Race walking Sports technique Technique development

Intercontinental comparison of liana community assemblages in tropical forests of Ghana and Malaysia

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j.urnal of Plant Ecology 2017年第6期10卷 883-894页

作者： patrick Addo-Fordj.ur Zakaria B.Rahmad Robyn j.Burnham School of Biological Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 Pulau Pinang PenangMalaysia Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology College of ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology(KNUST)KumasiGhana Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109-1079USA

Aims Liana research has increased in the past two decades,yet there is still inadequate comparison of liana communities at a cross-con-tinental *** compared liana assemblages in tropical forest ecosystems of Ghana and Malaysia,thereby determining patterns and mechanisms that are common or unique to the *** Liana diversity,community structure and taxonomic composition were determined in 60 plots of 40×40 m2 in three forest types(primary,disturbed secondary,selectively logged)in each biogeo-graphic *** traits,climbing mechanisms and dispersal modes were determined for all species and individuals via direct field observation and with published *** were analyzed at biogeographic(using combined forest data)and forest-type *** Findings Both observed and rarefied-extrapolated species richness of lianas were significantly higher in Ghanaian forests compared to Malaysian *** most cases,species diversity indices(Shannon diversity index,Margalef,Fisher’s alpha)showed significantly higher liana diversity at Ghanaian forests at biogeographic and forest-type ***,Ghanaian forests harbored significantly higher values of liana abundance and basal area than Malaysian forests at both biogeographic and forest-type *** taxonomic composition of lianas differed considerably between the two biogeographic areas at all levels,although similarity in composition increased at generic and family *** above-ground biomass of lianas was simi-lar between the two biogeographic regions,variations occurred at forest-type level between the two *** two biogeographic areas showed some similarities in assemblages of liana climbing *** more species of lianas were adapted for animal dispersal than other dispersal modes in both countries,the maj.rity of liana individuals in Ghana were wind dispersed whereas the maj.rity of liana individuals in Malaysia were animal *** speculate that the differ

关键词： biogeographic region climbing mechanisms dispersal modes intercontinental patterns liana diversity liana community structure

Uncovering genetic and metabolite markers associated with resistance against anthracnose fruit rot in northern highbush blueberry

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Horticulture Research 2023年第10期10卷 25-36页

作者： MacKenzie j.cobs Samantha Thompson Adrian E.Platts Melanie j.A.Body Alexys Kelsey Amanda Saad patrick Abeli Scott j.Teresi Anthony Schilmiller Randolph Beaudry Mitchell j.Feldmann Steven j.Knapp Guo-qing Song Timothy Miles patrick P.Edger Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Horticulture Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Molecular Plant Science Program Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Plant Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources Kansas State UniversityOlatheKS 66061USA Genetics and Genome Sciences Program Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Mass Spectrometry&Metabolomics Core Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

Anthracnose fruit rot(AFR),caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum fioriniae,is among the most destructive and widespread fruit disease of blueberry,impacting both yield and overall fruit *** cultivars have highly variable resistance against *** date,this pathogen is largely controlled by applying various fungicides;thus,a more cost-effective and environmentally conscious solution for AFR is *** we report three quantitative trait loci associated with AFR resistance in northern highbush blueberry(Vaccinium corymbosum).Candidate genes within these genomic regions are associated with the biosynthesis of flavonoids(***)and resistance against ***,we examined gene expression changes in fruits following inoculation with Colletotrichum in a resistant cultivar,which revealed an enrichment of significantly differentially expressed genes associated with certain specialized metabolic pathways(*** biosynthesis)and pathogen *** non-targeted metabolite profiling,we identified a flavonol glycoside with properties consistent with a quercetin rhamnoside as a compound exhibiting significant abundance differences among the most resistant and susceptible individuals from the genetic mapping *** analysis revealed that this compound exhibits significant abundance differences among the most resistant and susceptible individuals when analyzed as two ***,individuals within each group displayed considerable overlapping variation in this compound,suggesting that its abundance may only be partially associated with resistance against *** findings should serve as a powerful resource that will enable breeding programs to more easily develop new cultivars with superior resistance to AFR and as the basis of future research studies.

关键词： applying resistance specialized

Morphological characterization of fungi associated with the ascochyta blight complex and pathogenic variability of Mycosphaerella pinodes on field pea crops in central Alberta

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The Crop j.urnal 2015年第1期3卷 10-18页

作者： Hafiz Ahmed Kan-Fa Chang Sheau-Fang Hwang Heting Fu Qixing Zhou Stephen Strelkov Robert conner Bruce Gossen Crop Diversification Centre North Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science University of Alberta Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Morden MB R6M 1Y5 Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Saskatoon SK S7N 0X2 Canada

Field pea crops in central Alberta were surveyed for ascochyta blight from 2011 to 2012 and fungal isolates were recovered from foliar lesions on selected plants. Cultural and microscopic characterization of the 275 isolates obtained revealed that 272 were of Mycosphaerella pinodes and three were of Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella. Ascochyta pisi or Phoma koolunga were not identified. Isolates of M. pinodes were divided into two groups,GI and GII, based on visual assessment of culture characteristics. GI isolates(light to dark, mostly gray colony color; pycnidial distribution radial and concentric; conidia10.5–14.5 × 4.2–6.2 μm most with one septum, occasionally two, constricted at the septum;spore mass light buff to flesh color) were predominant(83%), while GII isolates(dark to gray colony color; pycnidia abundant; conidia 8–16 × 3.5–6.2 μm most with 1 septum, constricted at the septum; spore mass light buff to flesh color) were less common(17%). The cultures of GII isolates were similar to recent descriptions of A. pisi, but they differed in spore color. In a host differential study, 13 pathotypes of M. pinodes were identified from 110 single-spore isolates. Pathotype I was predominant(88 isolates) and virulent on all nine differential genotypes. The other pathotypes(pathotypes II–XIII) were rare(1–6 isolates of each).Comparison of the present results with earlier studies suggests that pathotype I has been prevalent for many years, and that its aggressiveness on the host differentials has increased over time. Emphasis should be placed on breeding for resistance to M. pinodes in field pea cultivars intended for deployment in central Alberta.

关键词： Ascochyta Phoma Resistance Virulence Pathotype

Optimal Ternary Cubic Two-Weight Codes

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Chinese j.urnal of Electronics 2018年第4期27卷 734-738页

作者： SHI Minj.a HUANG Daitao SOL patrick Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing & Signal Processing Ministry of EducationAnhui University School of Mathematical Sciences Anhui University CNRS/LAGA University of Paris 8

We study trace codes with defining set L,a subgroup of the multiplicative group of an extension of degree m of a certain ring of order 27. These codes are abelian, and their ternary images are quasi-cyclic of coindex three(a.k.a. cubic codes). Their Lee weight distributions are computed by using Gauss sums. These codes have three nonzero weights when m is singly-even. When m is odd, under some hypothesises on the size of L, we obtain two new infinite families of two-weight codes which are optimal. Applications of the image codes to secret sharing schemes are also given.

关键词： Three-weight codes Two-weight codes Gauss sums Trace codes

A MAGNETIC SURVEY OF EXPLORER SEAMOUNT——RECENT SPREADING AT THE EXPLORER TRENCH

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j.urnal of Oceanology and Limnology 1986年第2期4卷 183-195页

作者：吴铭先,patrick j.C.Ryall,j.anne Bryan Shandong College of Oceanology Department of Geology Dalhousie University Department of Geology Dalhousie University

In 1981 a magnetic and bathymetric survey was carried out over Explorer Seamount located approximately between 48°50′ and 49°30′N and 130°40′ and 131°30′W. During the cruise four pillow fragments were dredged from peaks in this area. Based on the observed ***, it was identified that the main peak of Explorer Seamount should be of the Bruhnes age while the magnetic high in the N W of study area would be Gauss. This would yield a spreading rate of about 2 cm per year for the Matuyama epoch. The results of intensities of remanence measured from the pillow fragments indicate that the ages are less than 106 years. Similarly the Curie temperature is consistent with ages of around 106 years. An attempt was made to model the observed magnetic field using a series of uniformly magnetized NE-SW trending blocks of alternating polarity. Agreement between the model and observed results is satisfied. Oxidation ratios calculated from measured samples suggest that the main peak of Explorer Seamount is

关键词： Explorer A MAGNETIC SURVEY OF EXPLORER SEAMOUNT RECENT SPREADING AT THE EXPLORER TRENCH Figure AT

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Fluid power systems

Late Oligocene–Early Miocene Thrusting in Southern East Kunlun Mountains, Northern Tibetan Plateau

1000年

作者： Klette patrick j.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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j.urnal of China University of Geosciences 2009年第2期20卷 381-390页

作者：吴珍汉叶培盛 Barosh j.patrick 胡道功赵文津吴中海 Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences P. j. Barosh and Associate 103 Aaron AvenueBristolRI 02809USA Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

Southward thrusting occurred in Late Oligocene-Early Miocene in southern East Kunlun （昆仑） Mountains formed the South Kunlun thrust （SKT）. Permian strata and Triassic rocks were thrusted over the Paleocene-Eocene red-beds of Fenghuoshan （风火山） Group and Oligocene brownish red conglomerate and sandstone of Yaxicuo （雅西错） Group along SKT faults, formed tectonic slices, low-angle thrust faults, multi-scaled outliers, and nappe structures in south of Middle Kunlun fault （MKF）. In addition, SKT displacement or shortening is estimated to be -（30-35） km across Dongdatan （东大滩） valley and East Wenquan （温泉） basin. 39Ar-40Ar dating of chlorite of ductile shear zone along front thrust fault indicates that SKT thrusting occurred at 26.5±2.7 Ma, and fission track dating of apatite from mylonitic granite in SKT gives the age 26±2 Ma, corresponding to initial time of rapid uplift of East Kunlun Mountains. Thrust faults and folds of SKT were covered unconformably by Late Miocene lacustrine strata, and maj.r thrusting of SKT ended before 13.5-14.5 Ma according to regional chronological data in northern Tibetan plateau.

关键词： South Kunlun thrust (SKT) thrusting and folding chronological constrain northern Tibetan plateau.

Covalent sulfur as stable anode for potassium ion battery

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j.urnal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第11期30卷 645-652,I0015页

作者： Na Cheng patrick Xu Bingan Lu Zhigang Liu School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082HunanChina College of Letter and Science University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA School of Physics and Electronics Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082HunanChina

The potassium bis(fluoro-sulfonyl)imide(KFSI)-based electrolyte has great application prospects in potassium ion batteries (PIBs). However, their development has been limited by the decomposition of electrolytes and the corrosion of Al foils (current collector) at high potential. Here, a N-doping, sulfur-rich chemically bonded porphyrin organic framework (SPOF) with a high potential plateau were synthesized as an anode to lower the redox potential of full cells and further inhibit the corrosion of Al foils. SPOF as anode delivers high reversible capacity (557 mAh g^(−1) at 50 mA g^(−1)), excellent cycling performance (94% capacity retention over 1000 cycles at 500 mA g^(−1)), and superior rate performance. Meanwhile, the ex-situ FTIR, Raman, and HRTEM revealed the stability of N-doping and the reversible covalent sulfur and S–S bonds changes during potassiation/depotassiation. In addition, full cells using SPOF anode and PTCDA cathode showed outstanding performance (high capacity of 300 mAh g^(−1) at 200 mA g^(−1)). And the Al current collector of the full cell was not corroded after 150 cycles. Yet, the Al foils with PTCDA as cathode were seriously corroded. This work provides a new strategy for realizing ultra-high reversible capacity and cyclic stability of PIBs, and also accelerates the process of early commercial application of PIBs.

关键词： Porphyrin organic framework Covalent sulfur Anode Potassium-ion batteries