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Oral polymorphonuclear neutrophil characteristics in relation to oral health： a cross-sectional, observational clinical study

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International Journal of Oral Science 2016年第3期8卷 191-198页

作者： patrick rijkschroeff Ineke DC Jansen Fridus A van der Weijden Bart IF Keijser Bruno G Loos Elena A Nicu Department of Periodontology Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands Department of Preventive Dentistry Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands Microbiology and Systems Biology TNO Earth Environmental and Life Sciences Zeist The Netherlands Top Institute Food and Nutrition Wageningen The Netherlands

Polymorphonuclear neutmphils （PMNs） have a major role in the innate immune system. However, little is known about PMN contribution in relation to oral health. The objective of this study was to investigate the numbers and functional characteristics of oral PMNs （oPMNs） compared with circulatory PMNs （cPMNs）. Oral rinse and venous blood samples were obtained from 268 systemically and orally healthy volunteers in a cross-sectional observational study. PMN counts, cell cycle analysis and cellular activation state were investigated. Also, reactive oxygen species （ROS） production was analyzed, with and without bacterial stimulation （Fusobacterium nucleatum）. In males, 1.2 × 10^6- 1.0 ×10^6 oPMNs were collected, and showed a tendency to correlate with the levels of gingival bleeding （r= 0.215, P= 0.008）. Comparable oPMNs counts were found among females （1.0 ×10^6＋ 0.7 × 10^6）. More late-stage apoptotic/necrotic cells were found among the oPMNs （53.1%） compared with the cPMNs （8.5%; P〈 0.001）. Without additional stimulation, oPMNs were more activated than cPMNs, as indicated by higher expression of CD11b, CD63 and CD66b, and higher constitutive ROS levels （P〈 0.001）. Notably, in response to bacterial stimulation, oPMNs released comparable ROS levels as cPMNs （P= 0.042）. In conclusion, this study provides data on viable oPMNs showing high levels of activation in orally and systemically healthy individuals, free of apparent caries lesions and periodontal disease. These data suggests that although the oPMNs are in a more mature stage of their life cycle compared with the cPMNs, oPMNs are still responsive to stimulation, which indicates their functional potential and possible contribution to a healthy oral ecosystem.

关键词： apoptosis degranulation neutrophils oral health reactive oxygen species

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Human endogenous retrovirus type-W and multiple sclerosis–related smoldering neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 813-814页

作者： Joel Gruchot Laura Reiche Andrew Chan Robert Hoepner patrick Küry Department of Neurology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Department of Neurology InselspitalBern University Hospital and University of BernBernSwitzerland

Introduction to human endogenous retrovirus type-W(HERV-W): Genomic inheritance from the past includes retroviral sequences that have been stably incorporated into our genomes and account for up to 8% of human DNA.

关键词： endogenous inflammation Human

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Reinforcement learning and A^(*)search for the unit commitment problem patrick de Mars^(∗),Aidan O’Sullivan

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Energy and AI 2022年第3期9卷 172-181页

作者： patrick de Mars Aidan O’Sullivan UCL Energy Institute United Kingdom

Previous research has combined model-free reinforcement learning with model-based tree search methodsto solve the unit commitment problem with stochastic demand and renewables generation. This approachwas limited to shallow search depths and suffered from significant variability in run time across probleminstances with varying complexity. To mitigate these issues, we extend this methodology to more advancedsearch algorithms based on A^(*) search. First, we develop a problem-specific heuristic based on priority list unitcommitment methods and apply this in Guided A^(*) search, reducing run time by up to 94% with negligibleimpact on operating costs. In addition, we address the run time variability issue by employing a novel anytimealgorithm, Guided IDA^(*), replacing the fixed search depth parameter with a time budget constraint. We showthat Guided IDA^(*) mitigates the run time variability of previous guided tree search algorithms and enablesfurther operating cost reductions of up to 1%.

关键词： Unit commitment Reinforcement learning Tree search Power systems

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Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina Hromada patrick Heimel Markus Kerbl LászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger Barbara Schaedl James Ferguson Nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes C.Heinzel Antal Nógrádi Andreas H.Teuschl-Woller David Hercher Department Life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tNGCs). However, the use of tNGCs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGC would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNGCs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tNGCs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGCs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNGCs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tNGCs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGCs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tNGCs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

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Streamlined CFD simulation framework to generate wind-pressure coefficients on building facades for airflow network simulations

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Building Simulation 2021年第4期14卷 1189-1200页

作者： Timur Dogan patrick Kastner Cornell University Department of ArchitectureEnvironmental Systems LaboratoryEast Sibley HallIthacaNY14850USA

Building energy modeling software generally comes with capable airflow network solvers for natural ventilation evaluation in multi-zone building energy models. These approaches rely on arrays of pressure coefficients representing different wind directions derived from simple box-shaped buildings without contextual obstructions. For urban or obstructed sites, or more complex building shapes, however, further evaluation is needed to avoid geometric oversimplification. In this study, we present an automated and easy-to-use simulation workflow for OpenFOAM-based exterior airflow simulations to generate arrays of pressure coefficients for arbitrary building shapes and contextual situations. The workflow is compared to other methods commonly used to obtain pressure coefficients for natural ventilation analysis. Finally, we assess for which climate zones and building types modelers should rely on more accurate CFD-based pressure coefficients and where it may be justifiable to rely on easier and readily available analytical approaches to determine pressure coefficients. Results suggest that existing workflows lead to significant error in predicted comfort hours for climates in the Global South and modelers should consider CFD-based facade pressure coeficients.

关键词： natural ventilation airflow networks EnergyPlus pressure coefficients computational fluid dynamics

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The dawn and rise of antimony use in the southern Caucasus

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第11期65卷 2037-2056页

作者： Sarah DILLIS patrick DEGRYSE Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenCelestjnenlaan 200 EHeverlee 3001Belgium Faculty of Archaeology Leiden UniversityEinsteinweg 2Leiden 2333 CCThe Netherlands

Antimony(Sb)was utilised over several millennia as the prime material to opacify or decolour glass and glazes,as well as an accompanying element in copper(Cu)*** antimony objects are rare,and mostly confined to Chalcolithic Central Italy and to the first millennia BCE in the southern *** innovation of antimony use in metallurgy seems to be confined to the southern Caucasus,and the invention of it might be even more specifically situated in the Great *** knowledge of mining set the pathway for the initial stage of antimonial copper alloys in the first half of the third millennium BCE and for metallic antimony ornaments in the second half of the third millennium ***,the first major expansion of antimony in the metallurgy of the Racha-Lechkumi district in the southern Caucasus(present-day Georgia)started around 1700 BCE,while its spreading in glassmaking occurred in the Late Bronze Age(LBA).Explanations that place antimony adoption within its broader social context are favoured over those that consider material or geological properties in isolation.A recurring theme is the importance of comparative analysis,both geographically and between the different pyrotechnologies,including the precious metals and glass industries,to explore how social,political,climatic and economic conditions affected adoption and innovation *** these factors are considered to explain why the extraction of antimony blossomed in the Late Bronze Age in the southern Caucasus and to reconstruct a framework of exploitation,distribution/trade and use of antimony in the Caucasus and its neighbouring regions in the south and east.

关键词： Antimony Caucasus Metallurgy Glass Gold

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Optimal p-Ary Codes from One-Weight and Two-Weight Codes over IF_p+ vIF_p

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2015年第3期28卷 679-690页

作者： SHI Minjia SOL patrick School of Mathematical Sciences Anhui University Telecom Paris Tech

This paper is devoted to determining the structures and properties of one-Lee weight codes and two-Lee weight projective codes Ck1,k2,k3 over p IF+ v IFp with type p2k1pk2pk3. The authors introduce a distance-preserving Gray map from( IFp + v IFp)nto2np. By the Gray map, the authors construct a family of optimal one-Hamming weight p-ary linear codes from one-Lee weight codes over IFp+ v IFp, which attain the Plotkin bound and the Griesmer bound. The authors also obtain a class of optimal p-ary linear codes from two-Lee weight projective codes over IFp + vIFp, which meet the Griesmer bound.

关键词： Generator matrix Gray map linear code one-Lee weight code two-Lee weight code.

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Revisiting the dissolution of biogenic Si in marine sediments： a key term in the ocean Si budget

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Acta Geochimica 2017年第3期36卷 429-432页

作者： patrick Frings Department of Geoscience Swedish Museum of Natural History 10405 Stockholm Sweden Earth Surface Geochemistry GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences 14473 Telegrafenberg Potsdam Germany

Of the　~240*10^(12)mol year^(-1)of biogenic silica(bSi)produced by diatoms and other silicifying organisms,only roughly 3%–4%escapes dissolution to be permanently *** the global scale,how,where and why b Si is preserved in sediment is not well *** help address this,I compile 6245 porewater dissolved Si concentrations from 453 sediment cores,to derive the concentration gradient at the sediment–water interface and thus diffusive fluxes out of the *** range from\0.002 to 3.4 mol m^(-2)year^(-1),and are independent of temperature,depth and *** classified by sediment lithology,predominantly siliceous sediments unsurprisingly have higher mean diffusive fluxes than predominantly calcareous or clay-rich *** with the areal extent of these lithologies,the‘best-guess’global sedimentary b Si recycling flux is69 9 10^(12)mol year^(-1).

关键词： Biogenic silica Diatoms Ocean Si cycle Dissolution

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Advances on numerical and experimental investigation of ship roll damping

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2023年第3期35卷 431-448页

作者： patrick Sumislawski Moustafa Abdel-Maksoud Institute for Fluid Dynamics and Ship Theory Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH) Hamburg Germany

This paper presents recent developments towards efficient and reliable methods for roll damping estimation based on numerical simulations as well as model tests using the harmonic excited roll motion(HERM)technique.A newly designed automatic roll damping estimation procedure shows the advantage of a just-in-time post processing of experimental measurement ***-time analysis of the measured roll damping values permits a considerable shortening of the test ***,a large number of investigations can be carried out with relatively manageable effort in order to determine the roll damping behavior of different keel configurations or at operating conditions,e.g.,different sized keels or Froude *** addition,HERM measurement method is applied to investigate the memory *** this purpose,different excitation schemes are introduced and the results are ***,a study of the scale effect on the roll damping properties is conducted,in which experimental and numerical investigations are performed for two scales of a ship ***,a method is developed that significantly reduces the effort of Reynolds average Navier-Stokes(RANS)-based simulations of roll *** reduction of simulation time is achieved by introducing an artificial *** obtained results show that the developed method is very well applicable for numerical as well as in experimental *** the model tests using HERM technique,the model is free and the rudder is used to keep the straight-ahead *** analysis of the numerical and experimental results shows that the influence of the rudder induced force and moment during HERM tests is not negligible and the contribution of the rudder must be taken into account by estimating the roll ***,a new concept is developed to investigate the parametric roll behavior of ships,which allows neglecting the consideration of the complex modelling of free surface waves in the *** the RAN

关键词： Roll damping harmonic excited roll motion rudder HERM experimental fluid dynamics(EFD) CFD

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Cultured meat in western media: The disproportionate coverage of vegetarian reactions, demographic realities, and implications for cultured meat marketing

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 264-272页

作者： patrick D Hopkins Department of Philosophy Millsaps College Center for Bioethics University of Mississippi Medical CenterJackson MS 39210USA

This paper examines the media coverage of the 2013 London cultured meat tasting event, particularly in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Using major news outlets, prominent magazines covering food and science issues, and advocacy websites concerning meat consumption, the paper characterizes the overall emphases of the coverage, the tenor of the coverage, and compares the media portrayal of the important issues to the demographic and psychological realities of the actual consumer market into which cultured meat will compete. In particular, the paper argues that Western media gives a distorted picture of what obstacles are in the path of cultured meat acceptance, especially by overemphasizing and overrepresenting the importance of the reception of cultured meat among vegetarians. Promoters of cultured meat should recognize the skewed impression that this media coverage provides and pay attention to the demographic data that suggests strict vegetarians are a demographically negligible group. Resources for promoting cultured meat should focus on the empirical demographics of the consumer market and the empirical psychology of mainstream consumers.

关键词： cultured meat vegetarianism vegans Mark Post in vitro meat moral psychology consumer market disgust

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