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Foraging valor linked with aggression:selection against completely abandoning aggression in the high-elevation ant Tetramorium alpestre?

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 953-970页

作者： Marie-Luise contala patrick Krapf Florian M.Steiner Birgit c.Schlick-Steiner Molecular Ecology Group Department of EcologyUniversitat InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria rganismal&Evolutionary Biology Research Programme University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland

Aggression has multiple benefits and is often coupled with other behaviors("behavioral syndromes").The level of aggressiveness is influenced by an adaptive benefit-cost ratio suggesting that benefits should outweigh the costs of ***,we assess if several behaviors are coupled in two behaviorally different populations(aggressive,peaceful)of the high-elevation ant Tetramorium *** three weeks,we collected colony fragments and analyzed boldness,exploring,foraging,and risk-taking *** hypothesized that the aggressive population is bolder,more explorative and risk-prone,and forages more food than the peaceful *** test whether(a)the combination of experiments and parameters used yields a good setup,(b)populations differ behaviorally,and(c)populations display behavioral syndromes,we assessed(a)the frequency of repeatable behaviors of each experiment,(b)the behavioral means among populations,and(c)the behavioral repeatability,*** found that(a)boldness and exploring were most repeatable and represent a good experimental setup,(b)the aggressive population was bolder and more explorative and risk-prone than the peaceful population,(c)boldness and exploring behaviors were highly repeatable in both populations,thus corroborating our *** results suggest that boldness,exploring,and risk-taking but not foraging are presumably coupled with aggression and indicate the presence of behavioral syndromes in this *** specific ecological conditions,aggression may be coupled with other behaviors and important for finding *** is probably adaptive in ***,possibly indicating that selection favors aggression at least partially,which may counteract the complete loss of intraspecific aggression.

关键词： adaptive value behavioral syndromes boldness exploration repeatability trade-off

Impact of multifocal gas-permeable lens designs on short-term choroidal response, axial length, and retinal defocus profile

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第2期17卷 247-256页

作者： Muteb Alanazi patrick caroline Amane Alshamrani Maria Liu Optometry Department College of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 14813Saudi Arabia college of Optometry Pacific UniversityForest GroveOregon 97116-1756United States Optometry School University of California at BerkeleyCalifornia 94720United States

AIM:To investigate the impact of multifocal gas permeable contact lens(MFGPcL)in various add power and distance/near area allocation on short-term changes of choroidal thickness(chT),axial length(AL),and retinal defocus profile in young ***:Seventeen young adults(2 males and 15 females;age 23.17±4.48y)were randomly assigned to wear two designs binocularly with a one-week washout period in *** of four MFGPcL designs were *** designs were distance-center that varied in two add power(+1.50 and 3.00 D)and/or two distance zone(DZ)diameters(1.50 and 3.00 mm;design A:DZ 1.5/add 3.0,B:DZ 1.5/add 1.5,c:DZ 3.0/add 3.0,D:DZ 3.0/add 1.5).chT,AL,and peripheral refraction data were collected on each subject at baseline,on days 1 and 7 of MFGPcL daily *** was assessed in four quadrants using a spectraldomain optical coherence ***:AL was shortened by-26±44μm with lens c,-18±27μm with lens D,-13±29μm with lens A,and-8±30μm with lens B(all Pcant overall increase in chT was observed with all 4 designs(lens A:+6±6μm,B:+3±7μm,c:+8±7μm,and D:+8±7μm).Temporal and superior choroid exhibited more choroidal thickening associated with *** designs induced significant relative peripheral myopia(RPM)beyond the central 20o across the horizontal meridian in both nasal and temporal fields(PcONcLUSION:MFGPcLs show a significant influence on chT and AL,which are associated with significant increase in RPM after short-term *** reliability and feasibility of quantifying short-term changes in chT support its use as a promising marker for the long-term efficacy of myopia-controlling treatments.

关键词： choroid gas-permeable contact lens retinal defocus axial length myopia

combined Effect of Outdoor Time and Other Modifiable Factors on Myopia Incidence Among children and Adolescents—9 PLADs,china,2020

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china cDc weekly 2024年第9期6卷 151-156,I0001,I0002页

作者： Panliang Zhong Yunfei Liu Ning Ma Jiajia Dang Di Shi Shan cai Ziyue chen Yanhui Dong Peijin Hu Jun Ma patrick W.c Lau Randall S.Stafford Yi Song Institute of child and Adolescent Health School of Public HealthPeking UniversityNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive HealthBeijingChina Department of Sport Physical Education&HealthHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Department of Medicine Stanford Prevention Research CenterStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUnited States

Summary What is already known about this topic?Myopia has been identified as a significant emerging challenge and policy priority among children and adolescents in china by the Ministry of Education and seven other *** research has been conducted to investigate the collective impact of outdoor time and other modifiable factors on the incidence of myopia.

关键词： Incidence collective policy

A new diatom genus Spargeria ***.(Bacillariophyceae)from Xizang,china,and the description of two new species

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第1期42卷 291-303页

作者： Yan LIU John patrick KOcIOLEK Li WANG Xinxin LU Huan ZHU Guoxiang LIU Fengyang SUI Yawen FAN college of Life Science and Technology Harbin Normal UniversityHarbin 150025China Museum of Natural History and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ColoradoBoulder CO 80309USA Key Laboratory of Algal Biology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China

During our investigation of diatom biodiversity in Xizang,two species exhibited unique morphological features discriminative from all previously known *** we describe these two species and describe as new the genus,Spargeria *** new genus features narrow to wide rectangular valves,narrow valve mantles,filiform raphe branches that occur on the valve face only,terminal raphe fissures straight or slightly deflected to same side,bow-tie shaped central areas,chambered striae present on the valve face only,being absent from the mantle,wider striae near the axial area and very narrow near the margin,multiseriate striae with small and round areolae that are occluded ***,Spargeria zhuii *** larger and robust valves,radiate striae,with one divergent stria near the apices,while Spargeria chenia *** smaller,with narrow valves,striae slightly radiate in the middle,becoming convergent or parallel near *** new genus belongs to the family Pinnulariaceae,and it was compared and contrasted with other genera of this *** work suggests the need for continued studies to document the biodiversity of diatoms in Xizang.

关键词： Spargeria new genus Pinnulariaceae morphology Xizang

Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis c genotype 3 infection:A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1596-1612页

作者： Hamzah Z Farooq Michael James Jane Abbott patrick Oyibo Pip Divall Naheed choudhry Graham R Foster Blizard Institute Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E12ATUnited Kingdom School of Health and Psychological Sciences University of LondonLondon EC1V 0HBUnited Kingdom University Hospitals of Leicester Library University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicester LE39QPUnited Kingdom

BAcKGROUND Hepatitis c virus(HcV)is a blood-borne virus which globally affects around 79 million people and is associated with high morbidity and *** infection leads to cirrhosis in a large proportion of patients and often causes hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc)in people with *** the 6 HcV genotypes(G1-G6),genotype-3 accounts for 17.9%of *** genotype-3 responds least well to directly-acting antivirals and patients with genotype-3 infection are at increased risk of Hcc even if they do not have *** To systematically review and critically appraise all risk factors for Hcc secondary to HcV-G3 in all ***,we studied possible risk factors for Hcc due to HcV-G3 in the literature from 1946 to *** This systematic review aimed to synthesise existing and published studies of risk factors for Hcc secondary to HcV genotype-3 and evaluate their strengths and *** searched Web of Science,Medline,EMBASE,and cENTRAL for publications reporting risk factors for Hcc due to HcV genotype-3 in all settings,*** Four thousand one hundred and forty-four records were identified from the four databases with 260 records removed as *** thousand eight hundred and eighty-four records were screened with 3514 *** hundred and seventy-one full-texts were assessed for eligibility with seven studies included for *** the seven studies,three studies were retrospective case-control trials,two retrospective cohort studies,one a prospective cohort study and one a cross-sectional study *** were based in hospital settings with four in Pakistan,two in South Korea and one in the United *** total number of participants were 9621 of which 167 developed Hcc(1.7%).All seven studies found cirrhosis to be a risk factor for Hcc secondary to HcV genotype-3 followed by higher age(five-studies),with two studies each showing male sex,high alpha feto-protein,directly-acting antivirals trea

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis c Genotype 3 Systematic review Blood-borne viruses Liver cancer

Silicon-based optical phased array with a reconfigurable aperture for“gaze”scanning of LiDAR

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Photonics Research 2024年第5期12卷 932-940页

作者： HEMING HU YAFANG HE BAISONG cHEN ZIMING WANG YINGZHI LI QIJIE XIE QUANXIN NA ZIHAO ZHI XUETONG LI HUAN QU patrick LO JUNFENG SONG State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Peng cheng Laboratory Shenzhen 518000China Advance Micro Foundry Pte.Ltd. Singapore 117685Singapore

Light detection and ranging(LiDAR)serves as one of the key components in the fields of autonomous driving,surveying mapping,and environment ***,dense points clouds are pursued by LiDAR systems to provide high-definition 3D ***,the LiDAR is typically used to produce abundant yet redundant data for scanning the homogeneous background of scenes,resulting in power waste and excessive processing ***,it is highly desirable for a LiDAR system to“gaze”at the target of interest by dense scanning and rough sparse scans on the uninteresting ***,we propose a LiDAR structure based on an optical phased array(OPA)with reconfigurable apertures to achieve such a gaze scanning *** virtue of the cascaded optical switch integrated on the OPA chip,a 64-,128-,192-,or 256-channel antenna can be selected discretionarily to construct an aperture with variable *** corresponding divergence angles for the far-field beam are 0.32°,0.15°,0.10°,and 0.08°,*** reconfigurable-aperture OPA enables the LiDAR system to perform rough scans via the large beam spots prior to fine scans of the target by using the tiny beam *** this way,the OPA-based LiDAR can perform the“gaze”function and achieve full-range scanning *** scanning time and power consumption can be reduced by 1/4 while precise details of the target are ***,we embed the OPA into a frequency-modulated continuous-wave(FMcW)system to demonstrate the“gaze”function in beam *** results show that the number of precise scanning points can be reduced by 2/3 yet can obtain the reasonable outline of the *** reconfigurable-aperture OPA(RA-OPA)can be a promising candidate for the applications of rapid recognition,like car navigation and robot vision.

关键词： reconfigurable optical antenna

Acetabular cup size trends in total hip arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第1期15卷 39-44页

作者： Daniel patrick McKenna Alex Price Timothy McAleese Darren Dahly Paul McKenna May cleary Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics University Hospital WaterfordWaterford X91 ER8EIreland Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College CorkCork T12 XF62Ireland

BAcKGROUND Total hip arthroplasty(THA)is a common procedure for end stage *** learning curve for THA is complex and *** of the most difficult skills to master is acetabular *** wish to identify if experience in arthroplasty leads to preservation of more bone *** To investigate if increasing surgeon experience will predict an ever decreasing acetabular cup *** A retrospective case series of four attending orthopaedic surgeons was *** uncemented elective total hip arthroplasties since appointment were selected for *** size of acetabular cup used was noted and logistic regression was used to identify if a trend to smaller cups *** A total of 1614 subjects were included with a mean age of 64 *** cups were on average 0.18mm smaller per year(95%confidence interval-0.25 to-0.11,Pcup sizes to decrease 0.27 mm/year for surgeon A,0.02 mm/year for surgeon B,0.15 mm/year for surgeon c and 0.29 mm/year for surgeon *** of the four surgeons had a more pronounced trend to smaller cups for male subjects than their female *** We found increasing surgeon experience to be associated with an ever-decreasing acetabular cup *** acetabular cup size may act as a surrogate marker of surgical proficiency by virtue of decreased acetabular reaming.

关键词： Hip Arthroplasty Acetabulum cup Learning

Radiosynthesis of [^(18)F]ArylScF2H Using Aryl Boronic Acids, S-(chlorofluoromethyl) benzenesulfonothioate and [^(18)F]Fluoride

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ccS chemistry 2021年第7期3卷 1921-1928页

作者： Qunchao Zhao patrick G.Isenegger Thomas c.wilson Jeroen BISap Florian Guibbal Long Lu Véronique Gouverneur Qilong Shen Key Laboratory of Organofluorine chemistry center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032 chemistry Research Laboratory University of OxfordOxford OX13TA Shanghai Institute of Organic chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032

Herein,we report a mild and practical protocol for the copper-catalyzed chlorofluoromethylthiolation of(hetero)aryl boronic acids with the novel reagent *** resulting products are amenable to halogen-exchange^(18)F-fluorination with cyclotronproduced[^(18)F]fluoride affording[^(18)F]*** process highlights the combined value of reagent development and(hetero)aryl boron precursors for radiochemistry by adding the[^(18)F]ScF2H group to the list of^(18)F-motifs within reach for positron emission tomography studies.

关键词： chlorofluoromethylthiolation boron reagent PET fluorine radiolabeling

Low phase noise K-band signal generation using polarization diverse single-soliton integrated microcombs

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Photonics Research 2024年第6期12卷 1175-1185页

作者： ALWALEED ALDHAFEERI HSIAO-HSUAN cHIN TRISTAN MELTON DONG IL LEE ALLEN cHU WENTING WANG MINGBIN YU patrick GUO-QIANG LO DIM-LEE KWONG cHEE WEI WONG Fang Lu Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia 90095USA Institute of Microelectronics A*STARSingapore 117865Singapore State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technologyand Shanghai Industrial Technology Research InstituteShanghai 200050China

Frequency microcombs with microwave and millimeter-wave repetition rates provide a compact solution for coherent communication and information *** implementation of these microcombs using a cMOS-compatible platform further paves the way for large-scale photonic integration and ***,we demonstrate free-running soliton microcombs with K-band repetition rates with very low phase noise over a 4 GHz pump detuning range reaching−117(−123)dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset for a 19.7(10)GHz carrier without active pump stabilization,exceeding commercial electronic microwave oscillators at frequency offsets above 40 *** minimum laser noise to soliton microwave signal transduction factor observed is−*** noise performance is achieved using a hybridized dual-mode for soliton generation to achieve passive thermal stabilization and minimal soliton spectrum shift from prior Raman scattering and dispersive wave *** further examine the locking of the repetition rate to an external ultrastable photonic oscillator to illustrate the feasibility of phase noise suppression below the thermorefractive noise limits of microresonator frequency combs.

关键词： pump polarization millimeter