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Epidemiological Aspects of Stillbirth and Neonatal Deaths in the Delivery Room at the Libreville Mother-Child University Hospital from 2019 to 2022

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期14卷 1-10页

作者： Eliane Kuissi Kamgaing Jacques Albert Bang Ntamack Opheelia Makoyo Komba Raïssa Koumba Maniaga Steeve Minto’o Rogombe pascal Loulouga Badinga Aude Lembet Mikolo Simon Ategbo Department of Neonatal Medicine Jeanne Ebori Foundation Mother-Child University Hospital (JEFMCUH) of Libreville Libreville Gabon Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Jeanne Ebori Foundation (JEFMCUH) of Libreville Libreville Gabon Department of Paediatrics University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Introduction: Stillbirths are estimated at 2 million each year, of which more than 40% occur during labour. Our objective was to study the epidemiological aspects of stillbirth and neonatal deaths in the delivery room in our health facility. Patients and methods: Prospective, descriptive and analytical study, conducted at the Jeanne Ebori Foundation Mother-Child University Hospital over 4 years (January 2019-December 2022). All neonatal deaths in the delivery room or foetal death in utero, were included. Results: Among the 18,346 deliveries performed, 512 newborns were declared dead in the delivery room (27.9‰ live births), divided into in utero foetal death (19.0‰) and immediate neonatal death (8.9‰). The mean age was 34.3 weeks of amenorrhea. The rate of preterm birth was 60.4%. The sex ratio was 1.1. The average weight was 2186.6. The main causes were vascular (46.1%), foetal (20.2%), adnexal (17.1%) and asphyxia per partum (16.6%). Foetal causes were more likely to result in IUFD than other causes (OR = 6.4 [2.4 - 15.7], p < 0.001). After birth, partum asphyxia was more likely to lead to death before 15 minutes of life than other causes (OR = 11 [6.1 - 18.9], p Conclusion: The causes of stillbirth and early neonatal mortality are dominated by maternal vascular pathologies. However, the proportion of childbirth-related causes remains worrying. Better monitoring of pregnancy and labour will minimize this prevalence in our hospital.

关键词： Stillbirth Neonatal Death Delivery Room Epidemiology Libreville-Gabon

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GRADIENT FLOW FINITE ELEMENT DISCRETISATIONS WITH ENERGY-BASED ADAPTIVITY FOR EXCITED STATES OF SCHRÖDINGER'S EQUATION

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2023年第5期41卷 933-955页

作者： pascal Heid Mathematical Institute University of OxfordWoodstock RoadOxford OX26GGUK

The purpose of this paper is to verify that the computational scheme from[Heid et al.,Gradient flow finite element discretizations with energy-based adaptivity for the Gross–Pitaevskii equation,***.436(2021)]for the numerical approximation of the ground state of the Gross–Pitaevskii equation can equally be applied for the effective approximation of excited states of Schr¨odinger’s *** procedure employs an adaptive interplay of a Sobolev gradient flow iteration and a novel local mesh refinement strategy,and yields a guaranteed energy decay in each step of the *** computational tests in the present work highlight that this strategy is indeed able to approximate excited states,with(almost)optimal convergence rate with respect to the number of degrees of freedom.

关键词： Schrodinger’s equation Excited states Gradient flows Adaptive finite element methods

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Portable spirometer-based pulmonary function test willingness in China: A nationwide cross-sectional study from the "Happy Breathing Program"

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2024年第14期137卷 1695-1704页

作者： Qi Weiran Huang Ke Chen Qiushi Jiao Lirui Yu Fengyun Yu Yiwen Niu Hongtao Li Wei Fang Fang Lei Jieping Chu Xu Li Zilin Geldsetzer pascal B?rnighausen Till Chen Simiao Yang Ting Wang Chen Department of Health Economics and Health Policy School of Population Medicine and Public Health Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine National Center for Respiratory Medicine State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases Institute of Respiratory Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Center of Respiratory Medicine China-Japan Friendship Hospital Beijing China The Harold and Inge Marcus Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA Department of Health Policy and Management Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH) Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Administration Office of Medical Reform and Development China-Japan Friendship Hospital Beijing China Data and Project Management Unit Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences China-Japan Friendship Hospital Beijing China Department of Statistics School of Mathematics and Statistics Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Stanford University School of Medicine San Francisco CA USA Division of Primary Care and Population Health Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Harvard University Cambridge MA USA

Background: Understanding willingness to undergo pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and the factors associated with poor uptake of PFTs is crucial for improving early detection and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to understand willingness to undergo PFTs among high-risk populations and identify any barriers that may contribute to low uptake of ***: We collected data from participants in the "Happy Breathing Program" in China. Participants who did not follow physicians’ recommendations to undergo PFTs were invited to complete a survey regarding their willingness to undergo PFTs and their reasons for not undergoing PFTs. We estimated the proportion of participants who were willing to undergo PFTs and examined the various reasons for participants to not undergo PFTs. We conducted univariable and multivariable logistic regressions to analyze the impact of individual-level factors on willingness to undergo ***: A total of 8475 participants who had completed the survey on willingness to undergo PFTs were included in this study. Out of these participants, 7660 (90.4%) were willing to undergo PFTs. Among those who were willing to undergo PFTs but actually did not, the main reasons for not doing so were geographical inaccessibility (n = 3304, 43.1%) and a lack of trust in primary healthcare institutions (n = 2809, 36.7%). Among the 815 participants who were unwilling to undergo PFTs, over half (n = 447, 54.8%) believed that they did not have health problems and would only consider PFTs when they felt unwell. In the multivariable regression, individuals who were ≤54 years old, residing in rural townships, with a secondary educational level, with medical reimbursement, still working, with occupational exposure to dust, and aware of the abbreviation "COPD" were more willing to undergo ***: Willingness to undergo PFTs was high among high-risk populations. Policymakers may consider implementing strategies suc

关键词： Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Pulmonary function tests Willingness to undergo pulmonary function tests Population medicine

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Assessing the Efficacy of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) Extracts in Combating Black Pod Disease: Sustainable Solutions for Controlling Phytophthora megakarya in Cameroon’s Cocoa Plantations

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 519-537页

作者： Gertrude Membang James Michel Tchotet Tchoumi Godswill Ntsomboh Ntsefong Emmanuel Yvan Mba Ela Sylvere Landry Lontsi Dida Ludovic Tchuenkam Tsango pascal Loïc Ekango Mbondjo Fritz Oben Tabi Innovative Plant Health Laboratory Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA)-Bafia Annex University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon IDepartment of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Phytopathology and Crop Protection Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA) University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

The use of plant extracts as antifungal agents is gaining increasing attention, particularly for the control of black pod disease in cocoa. Despite extensive research, current strategies haven’t been entirely effective. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Cymbopogon citratus and Blumea balsamifora leaf extracts, both individually and in combination, against Phytophthora megakarya. We assessed the efficacy of the most promising combination (75% B. balsamifera, 25% C. citratus) after storage at room temperature for up to 9 days. Agar microdilution and in vivo bioassays were conducted to determine antifungal susceptibility and effectiveness. Blumea extract exhibited the highest overall inhibitory activity, with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (117 µl mL−1) while C. citratus had a narrower range of MIC (146 to 233 µl mL−1). The combination of C. citratus and B. balsamifera demonstrated a synergistic effect against P. megakarya, achieving growth inhibition on V8 media (92.72 ± 4.20% to 100%) and on artificially infected detached pod cortex (92.24 ± 4.53% to 98.75 ± 1.25%), which was not significantly different from the positive control (Ridomil). Furthermore, this combination maintained its effectiveness for up to 9 days at room temperature. These findings suggest that combining plant extracts can enhance their antifungal properties.

关键词： Plant Extracts Antifungal Agents Synergistic Effect Black Pod Disease Cocoa

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Phytochemical Screening, Study of Acute Toxicity and Hypoglycemic and Antihyperglycemic Activities of Silver Nanoparticles from Guibourtia tessmannii (Harms) J. Leonard (Caesalpiniaceae)

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 118-130页

作者： Ngoulé Charles Christian Eya’ane Meva François Sone Enone Bertin Ngo Nyobe Biwole Caroline Tankeu Séverin Elisée Songue pascal Nguene Jean Pierre Etame-Loe Gisèle Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Biology of Plant Organisms Faculty of Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon

According to the World Health Organization, diabetes affects approximately 347 million people worldwide. Its management is not within the reach of all social classes, therefore medicinal plants are still the first resort for many populations in Africa. The biological material used in this study was the trunk bark of Guibourtia tessmannii. 50 g of trunk bark powder were decocted in 500 ml of distilled water for 5 minutes were carried out. The method used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) was an organometallic bio-reduction of silver nitrate salts mediated by various secondary metabolites contained in the plant extract. The study of the toxicity acute was conducted according to guideline 423 of the OECD protocol. The pharmacological activities were each carried out with 28 female rats divided into 7 groups of four rats. It was a question for the hypoglycemic activity of administering various doses of silver nanoparticles and other substances to the rats thirty minutes after the carbohydrate intake and for the anti-hyperglycemic activity of administering the same substances to the rats thirty minutes before the carbohydrate intake. The extraction yield was 8.76%. Only the alkaloid test was negative. After acute toxicity study, the LD50 was greater than 2000 mg/kg. Blood sugar tests revealed that glibenclamide 5 mg/kg, which is the reference molecule, lowered blood sugar more than the other treatments applied in the other batches. It was followed by treatment with silver nanoparticles at a dose of 400 μg/kg in both tests. It was therefore concluded that silver nanoparticles from G. tessmannii are good for the formulation of improved traditional medicines and bring up their afficacity .

关键词： Guibourtia tessmannii Nanoparticles Hypoglycemia Anti-Hyperglycemia

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SUSY searches at ATLAS

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Frontiers of physics 2013年第3期8卷 248-256页

作者： pascal Pralavoriot CPPM University Aix-Marseille and CNRS/IN2P3 Marseille France

Despite the absence of experimental evidence, weak scale supersymmetry remains one of the best motivated and studied Standard Model extensions. The ATLAS experiment at the LHC searches for signs of supersymmetry in a large variety of signatures involving events with abnormal production of missing transverse momentum, jets, leptons, third generation fermions, gauge bosons or massive long-lived particles. A summary of the most recent results obtained in these searches is presented.

关键词： supersymmetry (SUSY) ATLAS LHC

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End-of-Pregnancy Monitoring at CHUMEFJE through the Functional Investigation Centre (FIC) in 2022

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第1期14卷 186-192页

作者： Ulysse pascal Minkobame Zaga Minko Opheelia Makoyo Komba Pamphile Assoumou Obiang Anouchka Mewie Lendzinga Elsy Ntsame Mezui Irenee Edzo Mvono Jacques Albert Bang Ntamack Jean François Meye Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Introduction: The end of pregnancy is a high-risk period for both mother and foetus. Rigorous monitoring can prevent complications before delivery. Materials and Method: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional observational study. It took place in the delivery room of the Teacher hospital Mother and Child of Jeanne Ebori Fondation from the 01 October 2020 to 01 October 2021. All patients followed at the Functional Investigation Centre (FIC) of the CHUMEFJE and who gave birth in that same hospital were included. Data were collected on the basis of pregnancy diaries, the fic register and delivery room registers. They were analysed using SPSS Statistical Software. Results: During the period of our study, 4086 parturients arrived in the delivery room. Of these, 150 were followed up at the FIC, giving a prevalence of 3.7%. The majority of parturients (48%) had only one prenatal contact. 6 (4%) patients underwent pelvic scans, and 4 (2.6%) presented with a narrowed pelvis. A vaginal delivery was performed in 80% of cases, and of the caesarean sections, 9 (30%) could be scheduled. The maternal prognosis was marred by one post-partum complication of hypertension, and newborns with poor adaptation to life outside the womb accounted for 3.3% of cases. Conclusion: The Functional Investigation Centre makes it possible to detect anomalies at the end of pregnancy with a view to better planning of delivery.

关键词： Follow-Up End of Pregnancy Scheduled Caesarean Section Prognosis

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Traditional Use of Medicinal Plants Confirmed by the Baka in Southern and Eastern Cameroon

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第8期12卷 76-106页

作者： Natacha Nana Afiong pascal Billong Fils Karelle Kouetchua Guekam Eloge Kambale Muhesi Eva Avila Martin Guillermo Ros Brull Julia E. Fa Stephan Michael Funk Evariste Fongnzossie Fedoung Jean Lagarde Betti Department of Biology and Physiology of Plant Organisms University of Douala Douala Cameroon Zerca y lejos ONGD Madrid Spain Department of Natural Sciences School of Science and the Environment Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) CIFOR Headquarters Bogor Indonesia Nature Heritage Jersey Channel Islands Manchester UK Laboratory of Forest Resources and Wood Valorization Training Unit in Engineering Sciences Post Graduate School of Fundamental and Applied Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroun Department of Wood Sciences Higher Institute of Agriculture Wood Water resources and Environment University of Ber-toua Bertoua Cameroon

The limitations of biomedecine to provide effective solutions to certain pandemics has led many people to turn to alternative therapies. These palliative solutions, particularly phytomedecines, are much sought after for disease prevention and treatment. The Baka, a group of forest-dwelling people, hold knowledge on how wild plants can be effective in treating many illnesses. However, the greatest challenge for the identification of traditional medicines depends on the veracity of the information provided during ethnobotanic surveys by user populations. The present study describes forest plants used by the Baka and confirmed by them as being employed for traditional medicine. We carried out ethnobotanical surveys between 2019 and 2021 in 221 households within four districts of the Eastern and Southern Region of Cameroon. We used indices of significant use and performance applied to all mentioned species, alongside searches in the literature. The statistical tools used to distinguish the different groups/districts is Pearson’s X2 test. A total of 378 plant species were identified of 270 genera and 85 families. Ethnobotanical indices allowed to identify the most confirmed and efficient plants for several health problems. A pairwise comparison of these indices showed a significant correlation with a p-value < 2.2e-16 and a dissimilarity distance less than 0.5. Some plants selected are widely cited in other regions and/or countries for the same health problems. The presence of active molecules responsible for their biological activity was also proven, justifying their use in traditional medicine. This paper examines the potential to enhance the value of Cameroon’s pharmacopeia by integrating various ethnobotanical indices. It aims to discover new therapeutic molecules and develop improved traditional products from the diverse plant species documented. The findings indicate opportunities to advance both local and global healthcare solutions.

关键词： Confirmed Plants Import-Substitution Improved Traditional Medicine (ITM) Sustainable Development Goals Therapeutic Molecules

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Fluid dynamic modeling of junctions in internal combustion engine inlet and exhaust systems

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Journal of Thermal Science 2010年第5期19卷 410-418页

作者： David Chalet pascal Chesse Internal Combustion Engine Team Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics-UMR CNRS 6598 Ecole Centrale de NantesBP 92101 44321 NantesFrance

The modeling of inlet and exhaust systems of internal combustion engine is very important in order to evaluate the engine *** paper presents new pressure losses models which can be included in a one dimensional engine simulation *** a first part,a CFD analysis is made in order to show the importance of the density in the modeling ***,the CFD code is used,as a numerical test bench,for the pressure losses models *** coefficients depend on the geometrical characteristics of the junction and an experimental validation is made with the use of a shock tube test *** the models are then included in the engine simulation code of the *** numerical calculation of unsteady compressible flow,in each pipe of the inlet and exhaust systems,is made and the calculated engine torque is compared with experimental measurements.

关键词： compressible flow gas dynamics pressure wave propagation discharge coefficient internal combustion engine CFD simulation

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Media-specific rate allocation in heterogeneous wireless networks

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第5期7卷 713-726页

作者： JURCA Dan FROSSARD pascal Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Signal Processing Institute Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland

We address the problem of joint path selection and rate allocation in multipath wireless streaming, in order to optimize a media specific quality of service. We leverage on the existence of multiple parallel wireless services, in order to enhance the received video quality at a wireless client. An optimization problem is proposed, aimed at minimizing a video distortion metric based on sequence-dependent parameters, and transmission channel characteristics, for a given wireless network infrastructure. Even if joint optimal path selection and rate allocation is in general an NP complete problem, an in-depth analysis of the media distortion evolution allows defining a low complexity optimal streaming strategy, under reasonable network assumptions. In particular, we show that a greedy allocation of rates along paths with increasing error probability leads to an optimal solution. We argue that a network path should not be chosen for transmission, unless all other available paths with lower error probability have been chosen. Moreover, the chosen paths should be used at their maximum end-to-end bandwidth. These results are demonstrated for both independent network paths, and non-disjoint channel segments, in generic network topologies. Simulation results showed that the optimal rate allocation carefully trades off total encoding/transmission rate, with the end-to-end transmission error probability and the number of chosen paths. In many cases, the optimal rate allocation provides more than 20% improvement in received video quality, compared to heuristic-based algorithms.

关键词： Multipath streaming, Path selection, Rate allocation, Video streaming

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