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Avian preference for close proximity to human habitation and its ecological consequences

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Current Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 623-630页

作者： Anders pape MOLLeR Mario DiAZ ecologie Systematique evolution CNRS Universite Paris-Sud AgroParisTech Universite Pari-Saclay 0rsay Cedex F-91400 France Department of Biogeography and Global Change (BGC-MNCN-CSIC) National Museum of Natural Sciences CSIC c/Serrano 155bis Madrid E-28006 Spain

Human proximity often have negative consequences for wildlife. However, animals may also benefit from human proximity in terms of availability of resources and protection against predators and parasites. We recorded the distance between all birds detected during the breeding season along 18 5-kin transects and the nearest inhabited house in three areas of 50 km2 in Spain, France, and Denmark. More than three quarters of birds were located closer than 100 m to the nearest house, while the null expectation was less than a third. Mean distance for species was correlated with degree of bird urbanization and with flight initiation distance. Habitat specialist species with small breeding territories tended to live closer to houses. Birds from species having more broods per year, larger annual fecundity and lower nest predation rate lived closer to human habitation. Breeding range size, population density, and continental breeding population sizes were larger for species living closer to human habitation. Most relationships between distance to houses and bird traits had a strong phylogenetic signal, but most additive trait effects remained after phylogenetic correction. Proximity to human habitation was a main driver of the distribution of birds, with most individuals and species tightly linked to inhabited houses. Living close to human habitation was associated with success in the colonization of urban habitats and with consistent changes in distribution, abundance, behavior, and life history. Replicated measurements of the spatial and tempo- ral variation in these distributions may be useful for monitoring and analyzing the ongoing process of organisms＇ urbanization.

关键词： birds distance to nearest house flight initiation distance humans refuge urbanization.

Niche segregation, competition, and urbanization

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 145-152页

作者： Anders pape MФLLeR Mario DiAz ecologie Systematique evolution CNRS Universite Paris-Sud AgroParisTech Universite Pari-Saclay OrsayCedex F-91400 France Department of Biogeography and Global Change (BGC-MNCN-CSIC) NationalMuseum of Natural Sciences CSIC c/Serrano 155bis Madrid E-28006 Spain

Urbanization of species is an ongoing process where successful urban colonizers usually obtain large fitness benefits. Mechanisms proposed to explain associations between urbanization and lifehistory traits are based on behavioral flexibility in food and habitat use and reduced fear responses. We test the novel hypothesis that interspecific competition for proximity to humans is driving ur- banization. We recorded the distance during the breeding season to human habitation for 50 pairs of closely related bird species, where one was closely associated with humans while the other species was not. The degree of urbanization was larger as was range size and abundance in the species more closely associated to humans. Flight initiation distance was shorter, and species closely associated with humans were more abundant in ancestral rural habitats. Likewise, species more closely associated with humans reproduced earlier and during longer periods. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that urbanization is promoted by interspecific competition. Resulting isolation by urban habitat may further facilitate contemporary adaptation to urban environments.

关键词： birds distance to human habitation isolation by habitat isolation by time mechanisms.

Differently sized cuckoos pose different threats to hosts

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Current Zoology 2020年第3期66卷 247-253页

作者： Jiangping YU Mingju e Wei SUN Wei LIANG Haitao WANG Anders pape MΦLLeR jilin engineering Laboratory for Avian ecology and Conservation Genetics School of Life SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China Ministry of education Key Laboratory of Vegetation ecology School of Life SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Uilization School of Life SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China Ministry of education Key Laboratory for ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158China ecologie Systematique evolution Universite Paris-SudCNRSAgroParis TechUniversite Paris SaclayOrsay Cedex F-91405France Ministry of education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and ecological engineering Collge of Life SciencesBeiing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Hole-nesting tits Parus *** been classified as"unsuitable"hosts for cuckoo parasitism because cuckoos cannot enter a cavity if the entrance is too ***,Chinese tits could re-ject alien eggs and egg ejection rate increased with the local diversity of parasitic cuckoo *** behavior among Chinese tits may have evolved due to greater size variation among sympatric cuckoo *** raises the question of whether differently sized parasitic cuckoos pose different threats to Chinese tits.A green-backed tit Parus monticolus population that is sym-patric with Asian emerald cuckoo Chrysococcyx maculatus(eme-cuckoo,small-sized parasite)and common cuckoo Cuculus canorus(com-cuckoo,large-sized parasite),and a cinereous tit *** population that is only sympatric with com-cuckoo were chosen as study *** observed behavioral response and recorded alarm calls of the 2 tit species to eme-cuckoo,com-cuckoo,chipmunk Tamias sibiricus(a nest predator)and dove Streptopelia orientalis(a harm-less control),and subsequently played back alarm calls to conspecific incubating *** dummy experiments,both tit species performed intense response behavior to chipmunk,but rarely responded strongly to the 3 avian *** playback experiments,both tit species responded strongly to conspecific chipmunk alarm calls,but rarely responded to dove alarm *** inten-sity of response of incubating female green-backed tits to eme-cuckoo and com-cuckoo alarm calls were similar to that of chipmunk alarm calls,while the intensity to eme-cuckoo alarm calls was higher than the intensity to dove alarm calls which was similar to that of com-cuckoo alarm *** contrast,few female cinereous tits responded to eme-cuckoo and com-cuckoo alarm *** findings indicated that the threat level of eme-cuckoo was slightly greater than that of com-cuckoo for sympatric green-backed tits,but not for allopatric cinereous tits.

关键词： body size cinereous tit cuckoo parasitism green-backed tit play-back sympatry with multiple cuckoo species

Characterization of the Omni-Processor Sewage Sludge Ash for Reuse as Construction Material

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2022年第6期18卷 1581-1593页

作者： Prince momar Gueye Siham Kamali-Bernard Dame Keinde Fabrice Bernard Vincent Sambou Le3PI of e S P-UCAD DakarSenegal LGCGM of INSA of Rennes RennesFrance

Omni Processors(OP)are machines which use sludge as a fuel to generate electricity and clean water,but create ash at the same *** the present study,fly ash and bottom ash are investigated as materials for potential reuse in the construction ***,the granular size,density and Blaine finesse are ***,the chemical composition and microstructure are obtained by means of X-ray fluorescence and Scanning electron Microscopy-energy Dispersive Spectroscopy(SeM-eDS),***,ashes reactivity is determined by two chemical methods(modified Chapelle test,bound water content R3)and a mechanical method(pozzolanic activity index).The characterization results indicate two material types:fly ash similar to cement and bottom ash similar to fine ***’s why the mortars mechanical strength with fly ash 0%-30%is better than that with bottom ash at the same *** ash slightly decreases the mechanical strength of mortars while bottom ash induces a much more significant decrease.

关键词： Characterization Omni-processor fly Ash bottom ash

Snake-like calls in breeding tits

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Current Zoology 2021年第5期67卷 473-479页

作者： Anders pape MøLLeR Diego GIL Wei LIANG ecologie Systematique evolution Universite Paris-SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversite Paris-SaclayOrsay CedexF-91405France Ministry of education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Sciences and ecological engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China Departamento de ecologia evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales(CSIC)MadridE-28006Spain and Ministry of education Key Laboratory for ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou571158China

Hole-nesting tits belonging to the family Paridae produce a hissing display that resembles the exhalatory hiss of a *** a predatory animal enters the nest hole of a tit,tits often hiss vigorously,while lunging their head forward and shaking their wings and tail,until the intruder *** assessed the acoustic similarity between such hiss calls from 6 species of tits,snake hisses,and tit syllables used in alarm vocalizations,as well as white noise as a *** hiss calls showed a high degree of similarity with snake hisses from 3 different snake *** hisses had lower similarity to syllable alarm calls,suggesting convergence of tit hisses in their spectral *** calls would only be effective in protecting nest boxes if nest predators responded to these *** order to test this hypothesis,we trained individual Swinhoe’s striped squirrels,Tamiops swinhoei hainanus,a common predator of egg and nestling tits,to feed at feeders in proximity to nest *** compared the aversive response of squirrels to tit’s hiss calls and white noise,presented in random *** showed a higher degree of avoidance of feeders when hiss calls were played back than when white noise was *** conclusion,our study suggests that hole-nesting birds have evolved convergent snake-like hiss calls,and that predators avoid to prey on the contents of nest boxes from which snake-like hisses emerge.

关键词： frequency-dependent selection hiss call mimicry squirrels tits

Alpine Activity Patterns of Mitopus morio(Fabricius, 1779) are Induced by Variations in Temperature and Humidity at Different Scales in Central Norway

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第3期11卷 644-655页

作者： Nils HeIN Roland pape Oliver-D. FINCH Jorg LOFFLeR Department of C-eography University of Bonn Meckenheimer AUee 166 D-53115 Bonn Germany Achtern Nordpol 8 D-26180 Rastede Germany

Our research addresses questions about how micro-climate affects activity abundance of a common and widespread harvestman in an alpine ecosystem. Activity patterns of the Harvestman Mitopus morio(Fabricius, 1779) were studied along different alpine gradients in the central Norwegian Scandes. Within a nested design, we surveyed 18 alpine habitats with pitfall traps and microclimatological equipment along oceanic-continental, two elevational, and(fine-scaled) microtopographic gradients. Sites in the oceanic region of the Scandes showed generally higher abundance of M. morio than sites in the continental region. Furthermore, along the elevational gradient, middle-alpine sites showed higher abundances than low-alpine sites. These general patterns are best explained by higher humidity in the oceanic region and in the middlealpine belt. Focusing at a finer scale, i.e. one elevational level within each region, revealed partly opposing activity patterns within relatively short distances. While in the western middle-alpine belt these patterns were best explained by humidityrelated measures but now with higher activity abundance during drier conditions, in the drier eastern middle-alpine belt heat sums rather than humidity were found to be the best explanatoryvariables for the observed patterns. Hence, our results imply a pronounced different reaction of the two populations towards climatic variables that partly even contradict the previously described general pattern. Regardless whether these differences in activity abundance in M. morio are a form of phenotypic plasticity or adaptation, our findings stress the importance of detailed autecological knowledge combined with fine-scaled climatic measurements when aiming at predictions about possible future ecosystem structures and spatiotemporal phenomena. M. morio proves to be an ideal biogeographic model organism for understanding spatio-temporal responses of alpine ecosystems under modified climatic conditions.

关键词： Climate gradients Opiliones Arctic-alpine ecosystems High mountains Scandinavia

Abundance of insects and aerial insectivorous birds in relation to pesticide and fertilizer use

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Avian Research 2021年第3期12卷 412-420页

作者： Anders pape Møller Dorota Czeszczewik einar Flensted-Jensen Johannes erritzøe Indrikis Krams Karsten Laursen Wei Liang Wiesław Walankiewicz ecologie Systématique evolution UniversitéParis-SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversitéParis-Saclay91405 Orsay CedexFrance Ministry of education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and ecological engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Faculty of exact and Natural Sciences Institute of Biological SciencesSiedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanitiesul.B.Prusa 1408-110 SiedlcePoland Cypresvej 1 9700 BrønderslevDenmark House of Bird Research Taps6070 ChristiansfeldDenmark Department of Biotechnology Daugavpils UniversityDaugavpils 5401Latvia Department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityGrenåvej 148410 RøndeDenmark Ministry of education Key Laboratory for ecology of Tropical Islands Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158China

Background:The abundance of insects has decreased considerably during recent decades,resulting in current abundance showing 70-80%reductions in more than 15 studies across temperate climate *** reduc-tions in the abundance of insects are likely to have consequences for other taxa at higher trophic levels such as preda-tors and ***,fertilizers and agricultural land use are likely candidates accounting for such reductions in the abundance of ***:Here we surveyed the abundance of flying insects,and the reduction in the abundance of insects as a consequence of intensive reduction in agricultural practice linked to fertilizer use and pesticide *** we dem-onstrated consistency in abundance of birds among study ***:We demonstrated that the use of fertilizers and pesticides had reduced the abundance of insects,with consequences for the abundance of insectivorous bird species such as Barn Swallows(Hirundo rustica),House Martins(Delichon urbicum)and Swifts(Apus apus).Juvenile Barn Swallows were negatively affected by the reduced abundance of insects and hence the reproductive success of insectivorous bird *** effects imply that the abundance of insects could be reduced by the availability of insect ***:These effects of intensive agriculture on insect food abundance are likely to have negative impacts on populations of insects and their avian *** hypothesis was validated by a reduction in the abundance of insects,linked to an increase in the abundance of fertilizers and a general change in farming practice.

关键词： Aerial insectivores Fecundity of insects Insect abundance Insectivores,Insects

Indications and Results of Repair of the Rhumatismal Valve in Children in Senegal concerning 63 Cases

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2020年第5期10卷 51-58页

作者： momar Sokhna Diop Papa Amath Diagne Ndeye Fatou Sow Papa Salmane Ba Magaye Gaye pape Ousmane Ba Souleymane Diatta Moussa Seck Diop Mareme Soda Mbaye pape Adama Dieng Amadou Gabriel Ciss Assane Ndiaye Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Sénégal

In Africa, acute rheumatic fever is endemic. Cardiac involvement is one of the most common complications in the form of valvular heart disease representing all damages to the heart valves. It is in this perspective that we realized this study whose general objective was to evaluate the results of mitral repair surgery in children in Senegal and the specific objective was to state the indications for mitral repair surgery and assess the results in terms of morbidity and mortality. This is a retrospective and analytical monocentric study, in the thoracic and cardiovascular surgery department of FANN National University Hospital Center in Dakar. It took place over a period of 30 months. All the patients who underwent mitral surgery, aged less than 18 years were included. The total number of patients was 63, including 39 girls and 24 boys, a sex ratio of 0.62. The average age at the time of the surgery was 12 years old [5 - 17]. The functional symptomatology was dominated by the dyspnea found in all the patients. Cardiac ultrasound was diagnosed with mitral regurgitation in all patients. For all surgical procedures, the approach was a vertical midline sternotomy. The mitral valve was approached by left atriotomy in 40 patients (63.5%) and by transseptal way in 23 patients. All patients had undergone mitral valve repair associated or not with either aortic valve repair in 9 patients (14.2%), aortic valve replacement in 3 patients (4.8%), or one tricuspid valve repair in 31 patients (49%). The average duration of intubation was 6 hours [2 - 52]. The average length of stay in intensive care was 2 days. Postoperative complications have been observed. Surgery was performed in 10 patients with 3 mitral valve replacements, 2 aortic valve replacements, a double mitral and an aortic valve replacement associated with a tricuspid repair and in 4 cases a perfection of their mitral repair. early and late surgical mortality was zero. The average follow-up time for our patients was 9

关键词： Mitral Valve Repair Acute Rheumatic Fever Senegal

A behavioral ecology approach to traffic accidents:Interspecific variation in causes of traffic casualties among birds

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Zoological Research 2011年第2期32卷 115-127页

作者： Anders pape Mller Helga erritze Johannes erritze Department of ecology Systematics and Evolution CNRS UMR 8079 University of Paris-South Batiment 362 F-91405 Orsay Cedex France Taps Old Rectory DK-6070 Christiansfeld Denmark

Birds and other animals are frequently killed by cars,causing the death of many million individuals per *** some species are killed more often than others has never been *** this work hypothesized that risk taking behavior may affect the probability of certain kinds of individuals being killed disproportionately ***,behavior of individuals on roads,abundance,habitat preferences,breeding sociality,and health status may all potentially affect the risk of being killed on *** used information on the abundance of road kills and the abundance in the surrounding environment of 50 species of birds obtained during regular censuses in 2001 2006 in a rural site in Denmark to test these *** frequency of road kills increased linearly with abundance,while the proportion of individuals sitting on the road or flying low across the road only explained little additional variation in frequency of road *** having accounted for abundance,we found that species with a short flight distance and hence taking greater risks when approached by a potential cause of danger were killed disproportionately *** addition,solitary species,species with a high prevalence of Plasmodium infection,and species with a large bursa of Fabricius for their body size had a high susceptibility to being killed by *** findings suggest that a range of different factors indicative of risk-taking behavior,visual acuity and health status cause certain bird species to be susceptible to casualties due to cars.

关键词： Birds Blood parasites Flight behavior Flight distance Habitat selection Sociality