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Acute Bilirubin Encephalopathy: A Propos of 151 Cases Collected during a Multicentric Study in Senegal

Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第1期13卷 50-62页

作者： Serigne Tawa ndiaye Yaye Joor K. B. Dieng papa Moctar Faye Mohameth Mbodj Sofietou Dieye Khadim Bop papa Souley Sow Amadou Sow Ndeye Fatou Sow Ibrahima Diop Aziz Faye Sadio Konate Ibrahima Diagne Mousatapha ndiaye Ousmane ndiaye Centre Hospitalier National D’Enfants Albert Royer Dakar Senegal Centre Hospitalier Municipal Abass Ndao Dakar Senegal Gaston Berger University Saint Louis Senegal Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Bilirubin encephalopathy is a debilitating complication of severe neonatal unconjugated bilirubin jaundice. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of occurrence of this complication and to describe the diagnostic and prognostic aspects in Senegal. Materials and Methods: This was a multicenter, descriptive and analytical study conducted in 32 neonatal units of various levels, with retrospective (January to December 2020) and prospective (January to August 2021) collection. All neonates hospitalized for acute bilirubin encephalopathy were included. The diagnostic criteria were the presence of jaundice associated with neurological signs (muscle tone disorders, abnormal movements, convulsions, etc.), with no other obvious etiology found. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 23 software. The significance threshold was retained for a p-value Results: We registered 151 patients. The mean age was 6 days and the sex ratio was 2.5 (clear male predominance). The majority of newborns were from Dakar (51%). Twenty-two (22%) were premature and 32% had low birth weight. Half of the newborns (50%) came from home and 87% were exclusively breastfed. The average time to consult was 3 days. Neurological signs were dominated by decreased primitive reflexes (74%), abnormal movements (59%) and lethargy (50%). Dehydration (30%) and anemia (26%) were often associated. The mean bilirubin level was 416 umol/l. Neonatal infections (19%) and Rhesus (16.7%) and ABO (8.7) incompatibility were the main causes. One third (33%) of patients had received intensive phototherapy and only 2% had received exchange blood transfusion. The case fatality was 48.9%. Conclusion: Bilirubin encephalopathy remains a major concern in Senegal. It is associated with high mortality and numerous neurological sequelae. Progress in terms of early detection and appropriate management is urgently needed on a national scale.

关键词： Icterus Encephalopathy Phototherapy Lethality

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Factors Associated with Death among Tuberculosis Patients in Dakar

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2021年第2期11卷 122-139页

作者： Moustapha Diop papa Samba Ba Jean Augustin Diegane Tine Ndèye Maguette Fall Tracie Youbong Mouhamadou ndiaye Ndèye Mouminatou Mbaye Mouhamed Bouye Nestor Diatta Alassane sarr Sokhna Walo ndiaye Ibrahima Cisse Louise Fortes Degenonvo Abdourahmane Niang Adama Faye Moussa Seydi Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases Dakar Principal Hospital Dakar Senegal Health and Development Institute Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases FANN Teaching Hospital Dakar Senegal Department of Pulmonology Dakar Principal Hospital Dakar Senegal Faculty of Medicine and Odontology Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Private Institute for Training and Research in Medicine Dakar Senegal

Introduction-Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide. The predictors of mortality due to TB are rarely evaluated in Senegal. The aim of our study was to identify factors associated with related TB death in two treatment centers in Dakar, Senegal. Method: We conducted a prospective descriptive-analytical study dealing with TB patients followed in the Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases at FANN Teaching Hospital and Dakar Principal Hospital and in the Department of Pulmonology at Dakar Principal Hospital from March 1st, 2019 to February 29th, 2020. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify the associated factors of death. Results: Two hundred eighty-two patients in the Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases at FANN teaching hospital (57%), in the Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases at Dakar Principal Hospital (31%), and in the Department of Pulmonology at Dakar Principal Hospital (12%) were included in the study. The mean age was 39 ± 16 years and the male to female ratio was 2.2. Isolated pulmonary TB, isolated extrapulmonary TB, and both pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB were present in 33.3%, 30.5% and 36.2% of cases, respectively. Twenty-two patients died, corresponding to a mortality rate of 7.8%. Factors independently associated with death were age ≥ 60 years (26.2 [3.6 - 191.2]) compared to 16 - 40 years’ age group, HIV infection (7.2 [1.4 - 36.9]), neurological localization of TB (13.19 [3.2 - 54.3]), and hemoglobin level Conclusion: Tuberculosis remains a fatal disease despite therapeutic advances. Better knowledge of associated factors of death from TB may help to reduce its mortality.

关键词： Tuberculosis Death Associated Factors Dakar

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Fatal Cataclysmic Otorrhagia and Epistaxis Due to a Ruptured Aneurysm of the Petrous Internal Carotid Artery: A Case Report

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2023年第5期12卷 341-346页

作者： Abdou Sy Mouhamadou Diouldé Diallo Khadim Diouf papa Ibrahima ndiaye Barrière Moussa Diallo Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Military Hospital of Ouakam Dakar Senegal Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Children’s Hospital of Diamniadio University Iba Der Thiam of Thies Thies Senegal Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Hospital of Diamniadio Dakar Senegal Department of Radiology Military Hospital of Ouakam Dakar Senegal

Background: Aneurysms of the internal carotid artery within the petrous temporal bone are extremely rare;their true incidence is unknown. The exact cause is unclear: they may be congenital or result from trauma, infection, or radiation. Aim: We report a case of massive otorrhagia and epistaxis from a ruptured aneurysm of the petrous internal carotid artery. Case Presentation: A 34-year-old man presented to our department for the first time with repeated left otorrhagia ongoing for 5 years, left sided pulsatile tinnitus and left conductive hearing loss. In his history, we noted a right hemi-corporeal deficit of sudden onset one month ago and the head-CT showed a left frontoparietal subarachnoid hemorrhage without any visualised vascular malformation. Otomicroscopy showed a pulsatile mass visible at the posterior part of the hypotympanum. There was a right-sided hemiparesis estimated at 2/5 with no disorder of the sensitivity. After hemodynamic stabilization, the patient was discharged from the hospital and treatment was scheduled in interventional radiology and neurosurgery unit. Unfortunately the patient presented at home with a cataclysmic hemorrhage by massive otorrhagia and epistaxis and arrived dead at the emergency unit. Conclusion: The treatment of a petrous carotid aneurysm must be carried out quickly considering the risk of rupture leading to a cataclysmic hemorrhage that can be rapidly life threatening.

关键词： Aneurysms Petrous Internal Carotid Artery Otorrhagia Pulsatile Tinnitus

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Incidence and Factors Associated with the Switch to the Second Line Antiretroviral Treatment at the Ambulatory Treatment Center (CTA) in Dakar

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Health 2016年第14期8卷 1566-1575页

作者： Ndeye Fatou Ngom-Gueye Gilbert Batista Abdoul Aziz ndiaye Assane Diouf KA. Daye alioune Badara Tall Awa Diouf Kine ndiaye Makhtar Ndiaga Diop Mountaga Dia Cheikh Tacko Diop Awa Gaye Cheikh Tidiane Ndour Moussa Seydi Lamine Gueye Bernard Marcel Diop papa Salif Sow Ambulatory Treatment Center Fann University Teaching Hospital Dakar Senegal Department of Community Health Alioune Diop University Bambey Senegal Department of Infectious Diseases Fann University Teaching Hospital Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Over the past years, efforts have been made to expand access to antiretroviral combinations (cART) in low-income countries. However, major concerns are noted with drug resistance emergence, as treatment failure result and need to introduce a second line treatment, more expensive and difficult to implement. The objective was to study the incidence of switch to second line, reasons for switch and risk factors using a cohort of people living with HIV in an Ambulatory Treatment Center in Dakar. Methodology: This was a cohort study of people living with HIV under cART from January 2004 to December 2013. Naive patients monitored for at least six months, regardless of their profile and regimen with baseline CD4 counts Results: The median age of the 827 patients included was 44 [IQR = 18 - 78]. The switch to second-line treatment was observed in 72 patients (8.7%) after an average of 38.5 months of follow-up. The overall incidence rate of switch to second line of antiretroviral treatment was 1.59 per 100 persons-years. Most of changes in first-line treatment were motivated by virological failures (n = 60, 83.3%) under treatment with AZT/3TC/NVP (n = 25, 34.7%) or AZT/3TC/EFV21 (29.2%). 9.7% of switch occurred after immunological failure, 1.4% after clinical failure, 4.2% after severe toxicity and 1.4% was not documented. Predictive factors identifying failures at the end of the multivariate analysis were age Conclusions: In total, CTA identified a low incidence rate of treatment failure of the first line of treatment. Associated risk factors were age 3 and high viral load at treatment initiation.

关键词： Incidence Associated Factors Switch to 2nd Line cART CTA Dakar

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Consumers’ Perception and Knowledge of Food Additives in Senegal: A Pilot Study

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 38-50页

作者： Alé Kane Hamidou Mbodji papa Mamadou Dit Doudou Sylla alioune Sow Abdoulaye Tamba Malick Mbengue Mady Cissé Laboratory of Biological Agronomic and Food Sciences and Complex Systems Modelling (LABAAM) University Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint-Louis Senegal UFR of Agronomic Sciences Aquaculture and Food Technology (UFR S2ATA) UGB Saint-Louis Senegal Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Biology University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Food safety has become a major concern for consumers, as well as a priority for regulatory authorities. Faced with the growing industrial and domestic use of food additives, many questions are being asked and concerns are being felt by consumers around the world. Consumer perception defines the acceptability or rejection of food products, and has an impact on consumption patterns and behavior. To assess the level of knowledge and perception of food additives, a pilot study was carried out on a sample of 200 people in Dakar and Saint-Louis. A questionnaire was used to assess the acceptance or rejection, use and impact of food additives by consumers in Senegal. The results revealed several aspects. On the whole, the people surveyed expressed great mistrust and even rejection of these substances added to food products. This consumer perception is shared throughout the world, as indicated in numerous surveys. It also emerges from this study that, although most consumers are aware of the existence of these additives and their uses in the home, they feel that the use of these substances in industrial production is too excessive. What’s more, consumers associate food additives with numerous pathologies such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension, stroke and even sexual impotence. For some of these indexed pathologies, scientific studies have reached the same conclusions, although controversy still persists. On the other hand, for some of the other adverse effects mentioned, no cause-and-effect relationship has been scientifically demonstrated. In these latter cases, it seems that negative communication, misinformation and misconceptions have a major influence on consumer perception of food additives.

关键词： Consumer Survey Food Additives Knowledge Perception Senegal

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A Severe COVID-19 Infection in Neonates: A Case Report

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2021年第12期9卷 118-123页

作者： Idrissa Demba Ba Mohameth Mbodj Fatim Tall Serigne T. ndiaye Safietou Dieye Mouhamed Fattah Amadou Sow Ndeye F. Sow Awa Kane Aita Seck Aminata Mbaye alioune M. Coundoul Khadim Bop Pape S. Sow Amadou L. Fall papa M. Faye Ousmane ndiaye Albert Royer National Children Hospital Dakar Senegal Cheikh Anta DIOP University Dakar Senegal Abass Ndao Hospital Center Dakar Senegal

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly contagious infectious disease. First case was reported at the end of 2019 in China. Children and neonate population appears to be relatively free of the virus. We reported a severe and fatal neonate case of COVID-19 in a 22 days old neonate female due to the delta variant strain during the third wave outbreak. She presented with fever, cough, grunting and diarrhea started 5 days before admission. Physical exam’s revealed severe respiratory distress, hypoxia and bilateral pulmonary condensation. PCR test for COVID-19 was positive. Chest X-ray found bilateral infiltrates. Chest CT showed diffuse ground glass images with 75% of lung parenchymal involvement. She was treated with antibiotics, corticostoid, respiratory support (CPAP and oxygen). Death occurred after 15 days of hospitalization in the context of multiple organ failure and pulmonary hypertension.

关键词： COVID-19 Hypoxia Newborn Variant Delta Senegal

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Lithostructural Control of the Gold Mineralization of the Douta Permit of African Star Resources (Kédougou-Kéniéba Inlier, Southeastern Senegal)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第4期15卷 303-333页

作者： Masse Ndour papa Moussa ndiaye Koffi Félix Ekra Alain Ndong Malick Faye Pierre Ndour African Star Resources Yoff Dakar S&#233n&#233gal Dé partement de G&#233ologie Universit&#233 Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar S&#233n&#233gal

The Douta permit of African Star Resources/Thor Explorations, located in the southeast of Senegal, in the Kédougou-Kéniéba Inlier (western part of the West African Craton), is dominated to the East by metasedimentary formations such as greywackes, shales, graphitic shales, quartzites, cherts, claystones and breccias characteristic of the Dialé-Daléma basin. To the West, the mafic formations of the Mako volcanic belt are the most common. Metasedimentary rocks are associated with metavolcanosedimentary terms found at the contact zones between the two (2) Birimian groups. These different geological formations are cut by mafic dolerite and gabbro sills and/or dykes, as well as quartz and microgranite veins. The Douta gold project is crossed from North to South by the MTZ (Main Transcurrent Zone), generally oriented NE-SW and becoming N-S towards the North. The permit is characterized by several shear corridors. The rocks are affected by brittle, brittle-ductile to ductile deformations. The gold mineralization is hosted by a NE-trending shear corridor called the Makosa corridor (Makosa shear zone), therefore sub-parallel to the MTZ. It has a subvertical dip (75˚ to 85˚ to the NW). It is associated with a hydrothermal phase characterized by quartz-sericite-epidote-fine, disseminated pyrite and arsenopyrite ± albite ± chlorite paragenesis. These minerals testify to the existence of a low degree of metamorphism (greenschist facies, epizonal domain) in the area. However, metamorphism reaches amphibolite facies in some places, particularly in the vicinity of intrusive bodies, with the presence of hornblende (amphiboles) and plagioclase. The gold mineralization is mainly hosted by two (2) metasedimentary lithological units: meta-greywackes and shales.

关键词： Douta Kédougou-Kéniéba Inlier Senegal Metasedimentary MTZ Control Gold Mineralization Makosa Corridor

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Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity of Different Parts of the Baobab Fruit (<i>Adansonia digitata</i>L.)

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2021年第7期12卷 732-741页

作者： Edouard Mbarick ndiaye Y. El Idrissi Yousra Sow alioune Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou Hicham Harhar Mady Cisse Mohamed Tabyaoui Laboratory of Water Energy Environment and Industrial Processes (LE3PI) ESP-UCAD Dakar Center of Studies on Food Security and Functional Molecules (CESAM-RESCIF) Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Materials Nanotechnology and Environment Faculty of Sciences-Rabat Mohammed V University of Rabat Rabat Morocco

The objective of this study was to determine the polyphenol, flavonoid and tannin content and the antioxidant power of methanolic extracts from the different parts of the Senegalese baobab fruit. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponosides, tannins, alkaloids, sterols, flavonoids, coumarins and total sugars in all extracts from the fruit parts. The total polyphenol content was determined by the folin-ciocalteu method. This method is based on the quantification of the total concentration of hydroxyl groups present in the extract. In an alkaline medium, the reagent of folin-ciocalteu, oxidizes the phenols to ion phenolates and partially reduces its hetero-polyacids, hence the formation of a blue complex. The absorbance is read at 765 nm against a control. The Flavonoids vere determined using aluminum trichloride and sodium hydroxide. Aluminum trichloride forms a yellow complex with flavonoids and sodium hydroxyde forms a pink complex absorbing in the visible range at 510 nm. The alternative colorimetric method based on reactions with vanillin in an acidic medium made it possible to determine the tannin content. Absorbances were measured at 500 nm. The results show that the methanolic extracts of the fibers and shell have very high polyphenol, flavonoid and tannin contents. In fact, the polyphenol contents of the fiber (159.00 ± 0.93 μg EAG/mg extract) and shell (155.39 ± 0.89 μg EAG/mg extract) were much higher than those of the pulp (27.21 ± 0.26 μg EAG/mg extract) and seeds (18.36 ± 0.07 μg EAG/mg extract). In addition, the flavonoid contents of the fibers (97.64 ± 0.40 μg EQ/mg) and of the s

关键词： Adansonia digitata L. Fruit Pulp Seeds Shell

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The Acute Angle Closure Crisis in Senegalese Melanodermas: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of 24 Cases

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2023年第4期13卷 407-412页

作者： Sy El Hadji Malick Aw Aissatou Soda Mbaye Mouhamed ndiaye Aly Mbara Ka Jean Pierre Diagne Aboubacry Sadikh Sow Joseph Matar Mass ndiaye Paule Aida Ndoye papa Amadou ndiaye AbassNdao University Hospital Center Dakar Senegal Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital Center Dakar Senegal

Introduction Acute angle closure crisis (AACC) is a major ophthalmic emergency. It is a sight-threatening pathology that is very common in women but rarely described in melanodermas. The aim of this work is to investigate the epidemiological and clinical aspects of acute angle closure crisis. Results We collected 24 patient records, totaling 25 eyes. The average age of our patients was 52.04 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 0.6. A family history of glaucoma occurred in 34% of patients. Patients consulted for a painful red eye associated or not with decreased visual acuity (DVA). The condition was bilateral in one patient. The average visual acuity wax 0.34/10e. The cornea was cloudy and the pupil in areflexic mydriasis in all sick eyes. Hypothalamia was present in 72% of eyes and cataracts in 54.16% of cases. The average intraocular press was 44.38 mmHg and the average cup/disc (C/D) was 0.46. Gonioscopy was performed in 7 patients. The fellow eye did not present any abnormalities in 92% of cases. Conclusion The acute angle closure crisis is a rare condition in melanodermas and common in woman. His diagnostic is essentially clinical and completed by gonioscopy which plays a fundamental role. .

关键词： Acute Crisis Angle Hypertonia Gonioscopy

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Determinants of the Use of Health Care and Therapeutic Routes of Populations in Rural Senegalese Areas, 2016

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2021年第12期11卷 439-448页

作者： Abdoul Aziz ndiaye Awa Ba-Diop Maimouna Diop alioune Badara Tall Ousseynou Ka Fatou ndiaye Omar Sy Sylla Ndeye Fatou Ngom Aladji Madior Diop Lamine Gueye Anta Tal Dia Université alioune Diop de Bambey Bambey Senegal Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar Senegal

In Senegal, access to health care for rural populations and therapeutic choices remain problematic. These problems may be synonymous with insufficient financial resources, long waits, ineffective treatments, or drug shortage in health structures, leading patients to perform various therapeutic behaviours. The aim of this present study was to identify the therapeutic routes of the patients and the determinants of the different uses of health care in the populations of Ferlo. This descriptive and analytical study was carried out as part of the medical consultation days of the 2016 summer at the university in Widou Thiengoly. All patients who met the selection criteria were enrolled. In total, the 150 participants were mainly animal breeders (63.3%) and housewives (26%), also, most were women (90.7%). The analysis of the therapeutic routes showed that the health post was used as first-line and second-line respectively in 85.3% and 59.3% of the study populations. Traditional medicine and self-medication would be used in the third intention. Therapeutic choices were independent of age (p = 0.94), marital status (p = 0.84) and occupation (p = 0.58). On the other hand, social dimensions, such as tradition, appreciation of efficiency, distance, cost, and gender, also determine the use of health care. Women used health post more frequently than men (p = 0.03) (OR: 3.89, CI95% [1.16 - 12.98]) of the order 3.89. The main reasons for self-medication practice were the treatment of headache or fever (46%) and that of fatigue (26%). The prices were more expensive for health facilities (70.9%) than for traditional healers (70% “not expensive at all”) where the waiting time was considered “not long at all” (70%).

关键词： Therapeutic Routes Biomedicine Traditional Medicine Widou Thiengoly

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