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Deep tectonics and seismogenic mechanisms of the seismic source zone of the Jishishan M_(s)6.2 earthquake on December 18,2023,at the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第3期8卷 514-521页

作者： Qiong Wang ShuYu Li XinYi Li Yue Wu panpan zhao Yuan Gao Key Laboratory of Earthquake Prediction Institute of Earthquake ForecastingChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100036China Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100081China

On December 18,2023,an M_(s)6.2 earthquake occurred in Jishishan,Gansu Province,China.This earthquake happened in the eastern region of the Qilian Orogenic Belt,which is situated at the forefront of the NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau(i.e.,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau),encompassing a rhombic-shaped area that intersects the Qilian-Qaidam Basin,Alxa Block,Ordos Block,and South China Block.In this study,we analyzed the deep tectonic pattern of the Jishishan earthquake by incorporating data on the crustal thickness,velocity structure,global navigation satellite system(GNSS)strain field,and anisotropy.We discovered that the location of the earthquake was related to changes in the crustal structure.The results showed that the Jishishan M_(s)6.2 earthquake occurred in a unique position,with rapid changes in the crustal thickness,Vp/Vs,phase velocity,and S-wave velocity.The epicenter of the earthquake was situated at the transition zone between high and low velocities and was in proximity to a low-velocity region.Additionally,the source area is flanked by two high-velocity anomalies from the east and west.The principal compressive strain orientation near the Lajishan Fault is primarily in the NNE and NE directions,which align with the principal compressive stress direction in this region.In some areas of the Lajishan Fault,the principal compressive strain orientations show the NNW direction,consistent with the direction of the upper crustal fast-wave polarization from local earthquakes and the phase velocity azimuthal anisotropy.These features underscore the relationship between the occurrence of the Jishishan M_(s)6.2 earthquake and the deep inhomogeneous structure and deep tectonic characteristics.The NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau was thickened by crustal extension in the process of northeastward expansion,and the middle and lower crustal materials underwent structural deformation and may have been filled with salt-containing fluids during the extension process.The presence of this weak layer makes it easier for strong ea

关键词： Jishishan M_(s)6.2 earthquake crustal structure anisotropy stress and strain seismogenic mechanism northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau

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Potential role and therapeutic implications of glutathione peroxidase 4 in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 613-631页

作者： Yanxin Shen Guimei Zhang Chunxiao Wei panpan zhao Yongchun Wang Mingxi Li Li Sun Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Cognitive Impairment Center Department of NeurologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina

Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a complex and incompletely understood pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, a cure for Alzheimer's disease has not yet been found. Oxidative stress mediates excessive oxidative responses, and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis as a primary or secondary pathological event is widely accepted. As a member of the selenium-containing antioxidant enzyme family, glutathione peroxidase 4 reduces esterified phospholipid hydroperoxides to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. With the discovery of ferroptosis, the central role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in anti-lipid peroxidation in several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, has received widespread attention. Increasing evidence suggests that glutathione peroxidase 4 expression is inhibited in the Alzheimer's disease brain, resulting in oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, and apoptosis, which are closely associated with pathological damage in Alzheimer's disease. Several therapeutic approaches, such as small molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological treatments, ameliorate pathological damage and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease by promoting glutathione peroxidase 4 expression and enhancing glutathione peroxidase 4 activity. Therefore, glutathione peroxidase 4 upregulation may be a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides an overview of the gene structure, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of glutathione peroxidase 4, a discussion on the important role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in pathological events closely related to Alzheimer's disease, and a summary of the advances in small-molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological therapies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Most prior studies on this subject used animal models, and relevant clinical studies are lacking. Future clinical trials are required to validate the therapeuti

关键词： apoptosis ferroptosis inflammation lipid peroxidation natural plant products neurodegenerative disorder neuroprotection oxidative stress small-molecule drugs

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Effect of Microstructural Characteristics on Fracture Toughness in Direct Energy Deposited Novel Ti-6Al-4V-1Mo Alloy

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第1期37卷 119-131页

作者： Chao Xia Kexin zhao Xin Zhou Yuqi He panpan Gao Hengxin Zhang Guangrui Gao Fengying Zhang Hua Tan School of Material Science and Engineering Chang’an UniversityXi’an710064China Science and Technology on Plasma Dynamics Laboratory Air Force Engineering UniversityXi’an710038China State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710072China Surface Material Protection Co. LtdXi’an710018China

Meeting the damage tolerance requirements for engineering-grade titanium alloys pose a significant challenge in achieving high fracture toughness in direct energy deposition(DED)titanium alloys.This work primarily investigated the relationship between the microstructure and the fracture toughness of DED new Ti-6Al-4V-1Mo alloy.Two types of microstructures were designed via two process strategies:high-line energy density(HE)and low-line energy density(LE).Relative to LE samples,HE samples possess larger-sized microstructural characteristics(coarser grain boundaryα(α_(GB)),largerαcolonies,and coarserαlaths).Lessα/βphase boundaries were formed by coarserαlaths in the HE samples,increasing the movement of dislocations,resulting in tensile strength decreasing from 1007.1 MPa(LE)to 930.8 MPa(HE)and elongation increasing from 10.8%(LE)to 15.7%(HE).Also,HE samples exhibited an excellent fracture toughness of 114.0 MPa m^(1/2),significantly higher than that of LE samples(76.8 MPa m^(1/2)).An analysis of crack propagation paths was conducted to investigate the factors contributing to toughening.The primary factor enhancing toughness is the frequent obstruction of cracks by coarseαGB and largeαcolonies in HE samples.Particularly,the pretty large-angle deflections induced by the superposition effect of coarseαGB and largeαcolonies play a vital of significant role.These factors induced the long and tortuous high-energy pathways,which resulted in ultimately improved fracture toughness.The discovered microstructural toughening mechanisms can serve as a reference for future studies involving titanium alloys,offering insights on how to enhance fracture toughness by achieving similar characteristics.

关键词： Direct energy deposition Ti-6Al-4V-1Mo Tensile properties Fracture toughness Crack propagation

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The incidence rate and histological characteristics of intimal hyperplasia in elastase-induced experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms in mice

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2024年第3期7卷 388-395页

作者： Meng Li panpan Wei Kexin Li Haole Liu Naqash Alam Haiwen Hou Jie Deng Baohui Xu Enqi Liu Sihai zhao Yankui Li Laboratory Animal Center Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina Department of Vascular Surgery The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina Department of Cardiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina Department of Vascular Surgery Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA

Intimal hyperplasia(IH)is a negative vascular remodeling after arterial injury.IH occasionally occurs in elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)mouse models.This study aims to clarify the incidence and histological characteristics of IH in aneurysmal mice.A retrospective study was conducted by including 42 male elastaseinduced mouse AAA models.The IH incidence,aortic diameters with or without IH,and hyperplasia lesional features of mice were analyzed.Among 42 elastase-induced AAA mouse models,10 mice developed mild IH(24%)and severe IH was found in only 2 mice(5%).The outer diameters of the AAA segments in mice with and without IH did not show significant difference.Both mild and severe IH lesions show strong smooth muscle cell positive staining,but endothelial cells were occasionally observed in severe IH lesions.There was obvious macrophage infiltration in the IH lesions of the AAA mouse models,especially in mice with severe IH.However,only a lower numbers of T cells and B cells were found in the IH lesion.Local cell-secreted matrix metalloproteinases(MMP)2 was highly expressed in all IH lesions,but MMP9 was only overexpressed in severe lesions.In conclusion,this study is the first to demonstrate the occurrence of aneurysmal IH and its histological characteristics in an elastaseinduced mouse AAA model.This will help researchers better understand this model,and optimize it for use in AAA-related research.

关键词： abdominal aortic aneurysms animal model histology intimal hyperplasia

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Identification and characterization of human hematopoietic mesoderm

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 320-331页

作者： Yuqi Wen Jingjing zhao Runqing Zhang Fan Liu Xiaoyuan Chen Dan Wu Mengge Wang Cuicui Liu Pei Su panpan Meng Yiyue Zhang Xin Gao Lu Wang Hongtao Wang Jiaxi Zhou State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemInstitute of Hematology&Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin 300020China Tianjin Institutes of Health Science Tianjin 301600China CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTianjin 300020China Division of Cell Developmental and Integrative BiologySchool of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China

The embryonic mesoderm comprises heterogeneous cell subpopulations with distinct lineage biases.It is unclear whether a bias for the human hematopoietic lineage emerges at this early developmental stage.In this study,we integrated single-cell transcriptomic analyses of human mesoderm cells from embryonic stem cells and embryos,enabling us to identify and define the molecular features of human hematopoietic mesoderm(HM)cells biased towards hematopoietic lineages.We discovered that BMP4 plays an essential role in HM specification and can serve as a marker for HM cells.Mechanistically,BMP4 acts as a downstream target of HDAC1,which modulates the expression of BMP4 by deacetylating its enhancer.Inhibition of HDAC significantly enhances HM specification and promotes subsequent hematopoietic cell differentiation.In conclusion,our study identifies human HM cells and describes new mechanisms for human hematopoietic development.

关键词： hematopoietic mesoderm human pluripotent stem cells human embryos BMP4 HDAC1

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CD147 Facilitates the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis through Glycolysis and H3K9me3 Modification in Keratinocytes

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 509-523页

作者： Chao Chen Xiaoqing Yi panpan Liu Jie Li Bei Yan Detian Zhang Lei Zhu Pian Yu Lei Li Jiaxiong Zhang Yehong Kuang Shuang zhao Wu Zhu Cong Peng Xiang Chen Department of Dermatology Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology ChangshaHunanChina Furong Laboratory ChangshaHunanChina Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and DiseaseXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease featuring rapid proliferation of epidermal cells.Although elevated glycolysis flux has been reported in psoriasis,the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis remain unclear.We investigated the role of the integral membrane protein CD147 in psoriasis pathogenesis,observing its high expression in psoriatic skin lesions of humans and imiquimod(IMQ)-induced mouse models.In mouse models,genomic deletion of epidermal CD147 markedly attenuated IMQ-induced psoriatic inflammation.We found that CD147 interacted with glucose transporter 1(Glut1).Depletion of CD147 in the epidermis blocked glucose uptake and glycolysis in vitro and in vivo.In CD147-knockout mice and keratinocytes,oxidative phosphorylation was increased in the epidermis,indicating CD147's pivotal role in glycolysis reprogramming during pathogenesis of psoriasis.Using non-targeted and targeted metabolic techniques,we found that epidermal deletion of CD147 significantly increased the production of carnitine and α-ketoglutaric acid(α-KG).

关键词： CD147 pathogenesis markedly

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Nanoscale chemical segregation to twin interfaces in τ-MnAl-C and resulting effects on the magnetic properties

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第3期134卷 22-32页

作者： panpan zhao Markus Gusenbauer Harald Oezelt Daniel Wolf Thomas Gemming Thomas Schrefl Kornelius Nielsch Thomas George Woodcock Leibniz IFW Dresden Helmholtzstr.20Dresden 01069Germany TU Dresden Institute of Materials ScienceDresden 01062Germany Department for Integrated Sensor Systems Danube University KremsKrems an der Donau 3500Austria

In this study,aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with electron energy-loss spectroscopy(STEM-EELS)was used to investigate the atomistic structure and chemical com-position of true twin and order twin boundaries in ferromagneticτ-MnAl-C.True twins and order twins were distinguished based on the diffraction patterns using TEM.No elemental segregation was observed at the coherent true twin boundary but some Mn enrichment within a region of about 1.5-2 nm was found at the incoherent true twin boundary.A transition region with Mn enrichment about 4-6 nm wide was found at the order twin boundary.A carbon cluster with a size of around 5 nm was also found at the twin boundary.Micromagnetic simulations were conducted to study the effect of this chemical seg-regation at twin interfaces on the magnetic properties.The results showed that the coercivity tends to increase with increasing structural and chemical disorder at the interface.

关键词： τ-MnAl-C Twin boundaries Elemental segregation STEM-EELS Micromagnetic simulations

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Scutellarin prevents acute alcohol-induced liver injury via inhibiting oxidative stress by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting inflammation by regulating the AKT,p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathways

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2023年第7期24卷 617-631页

作者： Xiao ZHANG Zhicheng DONG Hui FAN Qiankun YANG Guili YU Enzhuang PAN Nana HE Xueqing LI panpan zhao Mian FU Jingquan DONG Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening College of PharmacyJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungang 222005China Department of Oncology the Second People's Hospital of LianyungangLianyungang 222000China Institute of Neuroscience the First People's Hospital of LianyungangLianyungang 222000China

Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)is the most frequent liver disease worldwide,resulting in severe harm to personal health and posing a serious burden to public health.Based on the reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities of scutellarin(SCU),this study investigated its protective role in male BALB/c mice with acute alcoholic liver injury after oral administration(10,25,and 50 mg/kg).The results indicated that SCU could lessen serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)levels and improve the histopathological changes in acute alcoholic liver;it reduced alcohol-induced malondialdehyde(MDA)content and increased glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),catalase(CAT),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity.Furthermore,SCU decreased tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and IL-1βmessenger RNA(mRNA)expression levels,weakened inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)activity,and inhibited nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation.Mechanistically,SCU suppressed cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1(CYP2E1)upregulation triggered by alcohol,increased the expression of oxidative stress-related nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)pathways,and suppressed the inflammation-related degradation of inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)-α(IκBα)as well as activation of NF-κB by mediating the protein kinase B(AKT)and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathways.These findings demonstrate that SCU protects against acute alcoholic liver injury via inhibiting oxidative stress by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and suppressing inflammation by regulating the AKT,p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathways.

关键词： Scutellarin Oxidative stress Alcoholic liver disease Inflammation

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Ameliorative effect of scutellarin on acute alcohol brain injury in mice

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2022年第3期23卷 258-264页

作者： Tianmeng ZHANG Kun WANG Hui FAN Qiankun YANG Xiao ZHANG Feixue LIU Xin FENG Yi CHEN Daoyang TENG panpan zhao Jingquan DONG Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry TechnologyJiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound ScreeningJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungang222005China Department of Laboratory Medicine the Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang CityLianyungang222000China Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Education College of Veterinary MedicineJilin UniversityChangchun130062China

Drinking culture has high significance in both China and the world,whether in the entertainment sector or in social occasions;according to the World Health Organization's 2018 Global Alcohol and Health Report,about 3 million people died from excessive drinking in 2016,accounting for 5.3%of the total global deaths that year.Oxidative stress and inflammation are the most common pathological phenomena caused by alcohol abuse(Snyder et al.,2017).

关键词： alcohol inflammation effect

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Effect of desorbed gas on microwave breakdown on vacuum side of dielectric window

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 85-93页

作者：赵朋程刘忠玉王瑞舒盼盼郭立新曹祥鑫 School of Physics Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071People’s Republic of China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Microwave Xi’an Institute of Space Radio TechnologyXi’an 710100People’s Republic of China School of Sciences Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710054People’s Republic of China

The gas desorbed from the dielectric surface has a great influence on the characteristics of microwave breakdown on the vacuum side of the dielectric window. In this paper, the dielectric surface breakdown is described by using the electromagnetic particle-in-cell-Monte Carlo collision(PIC-MCC) model. The process of desorption of gas and its influence on the breakdown characteristics are studied. The simulation results show that, due to the accumulation of desorbed gas, the pressure near the dielectric surface increases in time, and the breakdown mechanism transitions from secondary electron multipactor to collision ionization. More and more electrons generated by collision ionization drift to the dielectric surface, so that the amplitude of self-organized normal electric field increases in time and sometimes points to the dielectric surface. Nevertheless, the number of secondary electrons emitted in each microwave cycle is approximately equal to the number of primary electrons. In the early and middle stages of breakdown, the attenuation of the microwave electric field near the dielectric surface is very small. However, the collision ionization causes a sharp increase in the number density of electrons,and the microwave electric field decays rapidly in the later stage of breakdown. Compared with the electromagnetic PIC-MCC simulation results, the mean energy and number of electrons obtained by the electrostatic PIC-MCC model are overestimated in the later stage of breakdown because it does not take into account the attenuation of microwave electric field. The pressure of the desorbed gas predicted by the electromagnetic PIC-MCC model is close to the measured value,when the number of gas atoms desorbed by an incident electron is taken as 0.4.

关键词： electron multipactor collision ionization desorbed gas electromagnetic particle-in-cell-Monte Carlo collision model

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