The photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous benzene,toluene and xylene(BTX)over un-doped,0.1 and 1 wt%Mn-TiO_(2)nanoparticles under ultraviolet and visible irradiation was studied in atmosphere of synthetic air or inert *...
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The photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous benzene,toluene and xylene(BTX)over un-doped,0.1 and 1 wt%Mn-TiO_(2)nanoparticles under ultraviolet and visible irradiation was studied in atmosphere of synthetic air or inert *** photocatalytic decomposition efficiency and the oxidation products were determined using a Static Photochemical Reactor coupled with FTIR *** underwent efficient decomposition over Mn-TiO_(2)photocatalysts under UV irradiation,more with oxygen presence and less without *** important toluene and xylene went substantial decomposition over 0.1 mol%Mn-TiO_(2)under visible irradiation with oxygen *** main final oxidation products in the UV photocatalysis of BTX were CO_(2),CO and H2O,with CO_(2) and CO yields 4 and 2 *** conversion percentage of benzene,toluene,and xylene to CO_(2) were 63.6%,56.4%,51.8%,and to CO 29%,26.5%,23.2%,*** the visible photocatalysis of toluene and xylene the yields of CO were *** of carbon containing deposits on TiO_(2)surfaces was observed after extensive UV photocatalysis of toluene and xylene,and such by-products surface coverage may reduce the photocatalytic activity of TiO_(2)*** aspects of the photocatalytic mechanism were examined.
CSP (concentrating solar power) is a commercially available renewable energy technology capable of harnessing the immense solar resource in southern Europe, the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa), and else...
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CSP (concentrating solar power) is a commercially available renewable energy technology capable of harnessing the immense solar resource in southern Europe, the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa), and elsewhere. This paper summarises the findings of a study by the European Academies Science Advisory Council which has examined the current status and development challenges of CSP, and consequently has evaluated the potential contribution of CSP in Europe and the MENA region to 2050. It identifies the actions that will be required by scientists, engineers, policy makers, politicians, business and investors alike, to enable this vast solar resource to make a major contribution to establishing a sustainable energy system. The study concludes that cost reductions of 50%-60% in CSP electricity may reasonably be expected in the next 10-15 years, enabling the technology to be cost competitive with fossil-fired power generation at some point between 2020 and 2030. Incorporation of storage delivers added value in enabling CSP to deliver dispatchable power. Incentive schemes will be needed in Europe and MENA countries to enable this point to be achieved. Such schemes should reflect the true value of electricity to the grid, effectively drive research and development, and ensure transparency of performance and cost data.
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