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Advances and challenges in developing cocatalysts for photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to fuels

Nano Research 2022年第12期15卷 10090-10109页

作者： Qian Wang zhenhua pan Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya UniversityFuro-choChikusa-kuNagoya464-8603Japan Institute for Advanced Research Nagoya UniversityFuro-choChikusa-kuNagoya464-8601Japan Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and TechnologyChuo University1-13-27 KasugaBunkyoTokyo112-8551Japan

The global adoption of efficient sustainable energy sources is a crucial step toward meeting energy demands while achieving carbon emission reduction *** energy has become a clean and cost-competitive alternative to traditional fossil fuels,but the intermittent nature of sunlight results in challenges associated with energy storage and *** carbon dioxide reduction intends to mimic natural photosynthesis for utilizing sunlight to chemically convert water and CO_(2) into *** this process,the solar energy is captured and stored in fuels,so-called solar fuels,for widespread on-demand *** solar fuel production systems are multi-component,comprising light-harvesting(photosensitizer)and catalytic(cocatalyst)*** are indispensable for photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction systems,which promote charge carrier separation and transport,reduce the reaction activation energy,and alter the reaction route,thereby enhancing the activity and selectivity of the photocatalytic *** review presents a comprehensive summary of the recent advancements in cocatalysts for photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),with the purpose of providing new insights and guidance to the field with regard to research directions and best *** summarize how various cocatalysts including inorganic nanoparticles,metal complexes,enzymes,and bacteria can be combined with semiconductor photosensitizer for light-driven photocatalytic CO_(2)***-by-side comparisons reveal the strengths and limitations of each kind of cocatalysts and how lessons extracted from studying natural photosynthetic systems can be applied to investigations of artificial photosynthesis,presenting an outlook discussing possible future concepts for a more effective photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction process.

关键词： photocatalysis cocatalyst carbon dioxide reduction artificial photosynthesis solar fuel production

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Test and simulation of full-scale self-centering beam-to-column connection

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2013年第4期12卷 599-607页

作者： Deng Kailai pan Peng Alexandre Lam pan zhenhua Ye Lieping Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Safety and Durability of China Education Ministry Department of Civil EngineeringTsinghua University

A new type of beam-to-column connection for steel moment flames, designated as a ＂self-centering connection,＂ is studied. In this connection, bolted top-and-seat angles, and post-tensioned （PT） high-strength steel strands running along the beam are used. The PT strands tie the beam flanges on the column flange to resist moment and provide self-centering force. After an earthquake, the connections have zero deformation, and can be restored to their original status by simply replacing the angles. Four full-scale connections were tested under cyclic loading. The strength, energy-dissipation capacity, hysteresis curve, as well as angles and PT strands behavior of the connections are investigated. A general FEM analysis program called ABAQUS 6.9 is adopted to model the four test specimens. The numerical and test results match very well. Both the test and analysis results suggest that：（1） the columns and beams remain elastic while the angles sustain plastic deformations for energy dissipation when the rotation of the beam related to the column equals 0.05 tad, （2） the energy dissipation capacity is enhanced when the thickness of the angle is increased, and （3） the number of PT strands has a significant influence on the behavior of the connections, whereas the distance between the strands is not as important to the performance of the connection.

关键词： steel frame connection angle post-tensioned prestressing self-centering

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Standing window of oblique detonation with pathological behaviour

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021年第5期34卷 496-503页

作者： Zhuo XU Gang DONG zhenhua pan Mingyue GUI Key Laboratory of Transient Physics Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China School of Energy Resources and Power Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Standing of an Oblique Detonation Wave(ODW)on a wedge within combustor is the prerequisite of thrust generation for ODW engine which is regarded as a novel and conceptual propulsion device with hypersonic flight Mach *** a standing window of ODW is defined as the wedge angle ranged from the ODW detached angle from wedge(upper limit)to the angle that a Chapman-Jouguet(CJ)detonation occurs(lower limit).For pathological detonation cases,however,the CJ detonation cannot be achieved,and thus the lower limit of the standing window of ODW should be *** present study,two types of reactions in hypersonic incoming flow that include the behavior of pathological detonation,that is,the single-step irreversible reaction with mole variation and the two-step irreversible reactions with exothermic process followed by endothermic process,have been used for studying standing behavior of *** steady detonation polar analysis of ODW is carried out for both reaction *** results reveal that the reaction with more mole decrement and the reactions with stronger endothermic process show the pathological detonation feature and therefore modify the lower limit of standing window of *** equivalent parameters are proposed to quantitatively measure the standing window range of ODW from points of view of thermodynamics,Mach number of incoming flow and heat effect of *** is found that the standing window of ODW is determined by the specific heat ratio,the overdrive degree of detonation and the endothermic level of the hypersonic incoming flow,regardless of whether the detonation is pathological or not.

关键词： Chemical reaction Equivalent parameter Hypersonic flow Oblique detonation Pathological detonation Standing window

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2D photocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide synthesis

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第12期35卷 43-60页

作者： Liyong Ding zhenhua pan Qian Wang Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho College of Chemical and Material Engineering Quzhou University Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering University of Hyogo Institute for Advanced Research Nagoya University Furo-cho

Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） synthesis,driven by solar energy,offers a sustainable and cleaner alternative for producing green H2O2from water and oxygen.2D photocatalysts have emerged as powerful materials for this purpose due to their unique physiochemical properties such as a flexible planar structure and large surface *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in 2D photocatalytic materials employed in H2O2synthesis,including metal oxides,metal chalcogenides,bismuth-based materials,graphitic carbon nitrides （g-C3N4）,metal-organic frameworks （MOFs）,and covalent organic frameworks （COFs）.Beginning with an extensive introduction to possible reaction routes for photocatalytic H2O2synthesis,we summarize the common methods for H2O2detection,crucial for obtaining reliable results in ***,we highlight molecular-level modification strategies for 2D photocatalysts,such as surface modification,ion doping,defect engineering,and heterojunction construction,which promote high-efficiency solar-to-chemical conversion for sustainable ***,we discuss key issues and provide perspective outlooks for the efficient and sustainable generation of H2O2in scale-up industrial *** review offers in-depth insights into different reaction pathways of H2O2synthesis and provides design principles for 2D photocatalysts to enhance H2O2production,guiding the development of efficient photocatalysts for H2O2synthesis.

关键词： Photocatalysis Hydrogen peroxide production 2D photocatalysts Oxygen reduction reaction Water oxidation reaction

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Cellular structure of detonation utilized in propulsion system

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2012年第10期55卷 1915-1924页

作者： ZHANG XuDong FAN BaoChun GUI MingYue pan zhenhua Science and Technology on Transient Physics Laboratory Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

How to confine a detonation in a combustor is a key issue of detonation applications in propulsion *** on achieving schemes,detonations applied in the combustor,including pulse detonation wave(PDW),oblique detonation wave(ODW) and rotating detonation wave(RDW),are different from that described by the classic CJ theory in fine structures and its self-sustaining *** this work,the cellular structures and flow fields of ODW and RDW were obtained numerically,and the fundamental characteristics and self-sustaining mechanisms of the detonations were analyzed and *** front consists of three parts:the ZND-like front,the single-headed triple point front and the dual-headed triple point *** structures of RDW are heterogeneous,and the cell size near the outer wall is smaller than that near the inner wall.

关键词： propulsion system fundamental characteristics self-sustaining mechanisms classic CJ theory

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Efficient visible-light-driven water oxidation by single-crystal Ta_(3)N_(5)nanoparticles

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Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 4562-4567页

作者： Zheng Wang Jeongsuk Seo Takashi Hisatomi Mamiko Nakabayashi Jiadong Xiao Shanshan Chen Lihua Lin zhenhua pan Mary Krause Nick Yin Gordon Smith Naoya Shibata Tsuyoshi Takata Kazunari Domen Research Initiative for Supra-Materials Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge ResearchShinshu University4-17-1 WakasatoNagano-shiNagano 380-8553Japan Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Institute of Engineering Innovation The University of Tokyo2-11-16 YayoiBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-8656Japan Global Advanced Metals Inc. 1223 County Line RoadBoyertownPA 19512USA Office of University Professors The University of Tokyo2-11-16 YayoiBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-8656Japan

Ta3N5 is regarded as a promising photocatalyst for solar water splitting because of its excellent visible light absorption characteristics and simple *** Ta3N5 photocatalysts prepared from oxide precursors typically comprise aggregated polycrystalline particles with defects and grain boundaries that reduce the water oxidation activity of the *** the present work,well-dispersed Ta3N5 nanoparticulate single crystals were synthesized via a mild nitridation process using pure Ta metal nanopowder or Ta nanopowder mixed with *** resulting high-quality Ta3N5 nanoparticles,after loading with an oxygen evolution cocatalyst,exhibited impressively high photocatalytic performance during O_(2)evolution from a sacrificial AgNO3 solution,with an apparent quantum yield of 9.4%at 420 *** findings suggest a new approach to the facile fabrication of nanostructured single-crystal photocatalysts for efficient solar water splitting,based on the use of metal nanopowders.

关键词： Ta3N5 photocatalyst nanoparticle single crystal O_(2)evolution metallic Ta precursor

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自复位钢框架节点有限元模拟及参数分析

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建筑结构学报 2011年第3期32卷 35-42页

作者：潘振华潘鹏叶列平邱法维清华大学土木工程安全与耐久教育部重点试验室北京100084

研究了一种具有自复位能力的钢框架节点的力学性能。该节点在梁柱间通过角钢栓接,并沿梁长布置高强预应力钢绞线。通过对钢绞线施加预应力将梁柱压紧,使节点具备足够的抗弯刚度以满足正常使用情况下的功能性要求,钢绞线同时提供回复力,... 详细信息

研究了一种具有自复位能力的钢框架节点的力学性能。该节点在梁柱间通过角钢栓接,并沿梁长布置高强预应力钢绞线。通过对钢绞线施加预应力将梁柱压紧,使节点具备足够的抗弯刚度以满足正常使用情况下的功能性要求,钢绞线同时提供回复力,使节点在地震后具有自复位能力。采用通用有限元分析软件Abaqus 6.9建立节点模型,对9个足尺钢框架边节点进行了循环加载以模拟节点的复位能力。考察的参数有:初始预应力值、角钢厚度、预应力钢绞线距离及数量。研究表明:通过合理参数设计,这类节点的初始刚度与焊接节点相当,在层间位移角达到5%的情况下,主体结构梁和柱仍保持弹性,角钢则进入塑性状态以耗散能量;地震作用后,节点可以回复到其初始位置。由于主体结构没有破坏,且节点在预应力钢绞线作用下自动回复原位,故震后仅需更换角钢便可使节点恢复至无损状态。

关键词：钢框架节点角钢有限元分析预应力自复位

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进气相位对天然气转子发动机流场和燃烧过程的影响

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农业机械学报 2015年第7期46卷 286-293页

作者：范宝伟潘剑锋唐爱坤潘振华薛宏江苏大学能源与动力工程学院镇江212013 加州州立工业大学机械工程系洛杉矶ca91768

转子发动机进气相位的改变不仅改变了进气效率,而且对缸内流场以及燃烧过程都产生很大的影响。基于FLUENT软件,通过编程实现了相应的三维动网格模型,添加了合适的湍流模型、燃烧模型、CHEMKIN化学反应机理,建立了基于化学反应动力学的... 详细信息

转子发动机进气相位的改变不仅改变了进气效率,而且对缸内流场以及燃烧过程都产生很大的影响。基于FLUENT软件,通过编程实现了相应的三维动网格模型,添加了合适的湍流模型、燃烧模型、CHEMKIN化学反应机理,建立了基于化学反应动力学的三维动态数值模拟模型,并通过已有实验数据对比验证了模型的可靠性。在此基础上,对不同进气相位的周边进气天然气转子发动机的工作过程进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明:在进气持续期不变的情况下,随着进气开启角的提前,缸内涡团和旋流的强度、充量系数都不断增加,点火位置处的流场湍流度不断增加。火花塞点火后其附近的流场湍流度增加可以大幅度提高燃烧速率,但燃烧行程的整体燃烧速率不是一直随着进气开启角的提前而增大。相同进气持续期下,进气开启角为407°时,火焰传播速度最大,缸内示功图最好,同时NO生成量也最大。

关键词：进气相位天然气周边进气转子发动机流场燃烧过程三维动态模拟

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沪宁城际铁路连续梁桩基纠偏技术

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铁道建筑 2018年第9期58卷 34-37页

作者：潘振华上海铁路局集团有限公司工务处上海200071

软土地区的高速铁路连续桥梁桩基因单侧堆载受侧向压力而发生挠曲变形,导致无砟轨道方向发生变化,对高速铁路行车安全构成严重威胁。由于连续梁的桥梁桩结构以及周围建筑环境的复杂性,在纠偏过程中需解决纠偏效率及对其他建筑物产生的... 详细信息

软土地区的高速铁路连续桥梁桩基因单侧堆载受侧向压力而发生挠曲变形,导致无砟轨道方向发生变化,对高速铁路行车安全构成严重威胁。由于连续梁的桥梁桩结构以及周围建筑环境的复杂性,在纠偏过程中需解决纠偏效率及对其他建筑物产生的不利影响等难题。本文以沪宁城际铁路一连续梁的桩基横向纠偏为例,探讨连续梁纠偏的同步性,分析桩基变形时桩周土体变形规律,提出控制回弹量和防止周围建筑变形的具体工程措施,效果良好。

关键词：高速铁路连续梁桩基纠偏侧向堆载

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沪杭客运专线松江特大桥简支梁桩基纠偏技术探讨

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铁道建筑 2016年第9期56卷 38-42页

作者：潘振华上海铁路局工务处上海200071

软土地区的高速铁路桥墩桩基在非法堆载等外部因素影响下,发生了多起桩基挠曲变形,带动桥墩偏移,从而导致轨道不平顺超限的事件,威胁铁路行车安全。本文以沪杭客运专线松江特大桥桩基纠偏工程为例,分析桩基变形原因,采取将卸载与高压旋... 详细信息

软土地区的高速铁路桥墩桩基在非法堆载等外部因素影响下,发生了多起桩基挠曲变形,带动桥墩偏移,从而导致轨道不平顺超限的事件,威胁铁路行车安全。本文以沪杭客运专线松江特大桥桩基纠偏工程为例,分析桩基变形原因,采取将卸载与高压旋喷桩纠偏相结合的综合整治措施,纠正了桥墩桩基偏移,恢复了轨道线形。研究了弃土卸载与桩基回弹量的关系及纠偏时旋喷压力与土体位移、纠偏量的关系,可供高速铁路桥墩桩基纠偏工程借鉴。

关键词：高速铁路简支梁桩基偏移高压旋喷桩纠偏卸载

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