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Prevalence and outcomes of pediatric surgical conditions at Connaught Hospital in Freetown:a retrospective study

World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2023年第1期6卷 1-7页

作者： Henang Kwasau Juliana Kamanda Aiah Lebbie Cesia Cotache-Condor pamela espinoza Andie Grimm Naomi Wright Emily Smith Department of Community Health College of Medicine and Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Sierra LeoneFreetownSierra Leone Department of Surgery Duke School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke Global Health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke Center for Global Surgery and Health Equity Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Public Health Baylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA King’s Centre for Global Health and Health Partnerships King's College LondonLondonUK Department of Emergency Medicine Duke School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Background Sub-Saharan Africa experiences a disproportionate amount of pediatric surgical disease,with 80%of children lacking access to timely,affordable,and safe surgical *** study aims to characterize the burden of disease and outcomes of pediatric surgical conditions at Connaught Hospital,the main pediatric referral hospital in Sierra *** This retrospective and hospital-based study included children up to 15 years old who were operated on between 2015 and June 2016 at Connaught Hospital in Freetown,Sierra *** and inferential statistics were used to characterize the distribution of disease and compare all variables against age category and *** A total of 215 patients were included in this study of which 72.5%(n=132)were male and 27.5%(n=50)were *** of the patients were diagnosed with congenital anomalies(60.9%;n=131).However,infection was the leading diagnosis(60.5%;n=23)among patients aged 5–10 years(n=38).Inguinal hernia was the leading condition(65.0%;n=85)among patients presenting with a congenital *** condition with the highest mortality was infections(17.0%;n=8),followed by other conditions(9.1%;n=2)and congenital anomalies(3.1%;n=4).Based on the results of this study,over 7000 children with inguinal hernias remain untreated annually in Freetown,Sierra *** This study quantifies the burden of surgical disease among children,a foundational step toward the prioritization of pediatric surgical care in national health agendas,the development of evidence-based interventions,and the strategic allocation of resources in Sierra Leone.

关键词： surgical pediatric mortality

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Prognostic role of selection criteria for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma:Review and bibliometric

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iLIVER 2024年第1期3卷 52-61页

作者： pamela Scarlett espinoza Loyola Diana Laura Muratalla Bautista Karen Adela Hernández Bautista Elizabeth Gil White JoséAntonio González Moreno Daniel Angel Torres del Real Víctor Manuel Páez Zayas Carla Escorza-Molina Fernando Mondragón Rodríguez Omar Vásquez Gómez Luis Jorge Fernández López Paul Santiago Mogrovejo Vázquez Isidoro Aczel Sánchez-Cedillo Víctor Jose Visag Castillo Social Service Internship Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico City 04510Mexico Social Service Internship Universidad AnahuacMexico City 04510Mexico Department of Surgery Division of Transplantation Surgery Hospital General de MéxicoMexico City 06720Mexico Departament of Gastroenterology Division of HepatologyHospital General de MéxicoMexico City 06720Mexico Departmanet of Anesthesiology Hospital General de MéxicoMexico City 06720Mexico

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common cancers in the world and is one of the leading indications for liver transplantation,liver transplantation is the gold standard treatment for end stage liver *** is based up on radiological characteristics and rarely biopsy *** treatment must be individualized to each patient to improve recurrences and *** this article,we focus on the different selection criteria for liver *** study aimed to investigate the distribution laws and research frontiers of international literature,so as to present holistic bibliometric evaluation of the studies on 5-year survival and disease-free recurrence in 5 years,according to hepatocarcinoma criteria for liver *** paper aims to review and analyze 5-year survival and disease-free recurrence based on hepatocarcinoma criteria for liver *** systematically examines and summarizes distribution characteristics and research frontiers through bibliometric analysis.A bibliographic search was implemented in PubMed/Medline,Clinical Key,Science Direct and Index Medicus with MESH terms,from the year 1996–*** selected for transplantation using the Metroticket 2.0(MT2)criteria had the highest overall survival along with patients selected for transplantation using the Milan Criteria had the best 5-year disease-free *** Metroticket 2.0 criteria(MT2)and Milan Criteria(MC)have shown the most favorable post-transplant outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,MC demonstrated the best 5-year disease-free recurrence rate,underscoring the significance of taking into account tumor morphology and biology when determining the eligibility of HCC patients for liver *** distribution characteristics and research frontiers by bibliometrics concerning prognostic role of selection criteria for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma the collaboration

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver transplantation Survival Criteria Recurrence Bibliometrics

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Textual Form and Cultural Affect: William Empson′s Double-Plot and Raymond Williams′s Structure of Feeling

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外国文学研究 2005年第1期27卷 32-39页

作者： pamela McCallum is professor of English at Department of English University of Calgary

By insisting on the primacy of double-plot, Empson brackets the sometimes deceptive appearances of a text′s content to uncover and disengage the more fundamental double-plot system at work within the defining structure of the text. Empson′s thinking about the reception of double-plot structures enables Raymond Williams′s early formulations of structure of feeling, in particular the gesturing this perplexing, underdeveloped, but persistent concept makes towards understanding collective response to cultural forms. This article explores the implications of the reception of double-plot structures, drawing out the assumptions inscribed in Empson′s claims about processes at work as an audience engages with these dramatic structures.

关键词：诗歌评论文化影响 Empson 雷蒙德·威廉斯双情节文章结构

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Frequency regulation by fuzzy and binary control in a hybrid islanded microgrid

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2015年第3期3卷 429-439页

作者： pamela MANJARRES Om MALIK Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada

Islanded microgrids must be self-sufficient in terms of frequency and voltage control due to their islanded operation.A control strategy for frequency regulation by combining the operation of a wind generator,a diesel generator,a battery energy storage system and a dump load in a microgrid is proposed in this *** the proposed strategy,the control task is partitioned into two subtasks:1)choosing the appropriate element to be used for regulation,and 2)providing frequency regulation.A global controller chooses the element to ***,the frequency regulation is provided by separate individual *** proposed control strategy is tested on a microgrid with mixed types of generation and modeled on *** monitoring the power of individual elements and system frequency,it is shown that the proposed control strategy operates *** proposed strategy facilitates the integration of renewable energy sources and enhances frequency regulation.

关键词： Frequency regulation Fuzzy control Hybrid microgrid Automatic operation

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Systems perspectives on mRNA processing

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Cell Research 2007年第7期17卷 581-590页

作者： Adrienne E McKee pamela A Silver Department of Systems Biology Harvard Medical School BostonMA 02115USA

The application of genomic technologies to the study of mRNA processing is increasingly conducted in metazoanorganisms in order to understand the complex events that occur during and after transcription. Large-scale systemsanalyses of mRNA-protein interactions and mRNA dynamics have revealed specificity in mRNA transcription, splicing,transport, translation, and turnover, and have begun to make connections between the different layers of mRNA process-ing. Here, we review global studies of post-transcriptional processes and discuss the challenges facing our understandingof mRNA regulation in metazoan organisms. In parallel, we examine genome-scale investigations that have expandedour knowledge of RNA-binding proteins and the networks of mRNAs that they regulate.

关键词： RNA-binding protein post-transcriptional regulation systems biology functional genomics

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Contributions of Trimorphic Life Cycles to Dispersal and Evolutionary Trends in Large Benthic Foraminifers

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第6期33卷 1425-1433页

作者： pamela Hallock Claire E.Reymond College of Marine Science University of South FloridaSt.PetersburgFL33701USA School of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China School of Geosciences The University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia

The basic life cycle of Foraminifera has long been recognized as alternation between sexual and asexual generations;a common modification is several successive asexual *** and release of flagellated gametes also has been documented as the basic sexual-reproductive mode in extant *** on population dynamics,local spatial distributions,and biogeography of Amphistegina *** Heterostegina depressa have been augmented by culture studies over the past 50years,providing insights that have been widely used in paleoecological and paleoenvironmental *** are proposed suggesting how stages in the life cycle might contribute to understanding biogeographic and evolutionary trends commonly observed in large benthic *** of sexually-produced cryptobiotic propagules,followed by successive asexual generations(schizogeny),can potentially establish viable,locally-adapted populations within literally years,consistent with the concepts of both allopatric speciation and reticulate evolution associated with isolation and reconnection of local *** review concludes with the recommendation that future studies utilizing genomics,proteonomics,geochemistries,scanning technologies,and other approaches can promote greater understanding of both modern and fossil larger benthic foraminiferal lineages.

关键词： Amphistegina coiling ratio diatom symbionts Heterostegina depressa propagule schizogeny life cycle

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Artemisinin and artemisinin derivatives as anti-fibrotic therapeutics

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第2期11卷 322-339页

作者： David Dolivo pamela Weathers Tanja Dominko Department of Surgery Northwestern University-Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611USA Department of Biology and Biotechnology Worcester Polytechnic InstituteWorcesterMA 01609USA

Fibrosis is a pathological reparative process that can occur in most organs and is responsible for nearly half of deaths in the developed *** considerable research,few therapies have proven effective and been approved clinically for treatment of *** compounds are best known as antimalarial therapeutics,but they also demonstrate antiparasitic,antibacterial,anticancer,and antifibrotic *** we summarize literature describing anti-fibrotic effects of artemisinin compounds in in vivo and in vitro models of tissue fibrosis,and we describe the likely mechanisms by which artemisinin compounds appear to inhibit cellular and tissue processes that lead to *** consider alternative routes of administration of artemisinin for treatment of internal organ fibrosis,we also discuss the potential for more direct oral delivery of Artemisia plant material to enhance bioavailability and efficacy of artemisinin compared to administration of purified artemisinin drugs at comparable *** is our hope that greater understanding of the broad anti-fibrotic effects of artemisinin drugs will enable and promote their use as therapeutics for treatment of fibrotic diseases.

关键词： Fibrosis Artemisia Artemisinin Artesunate Fibroblast Myofibroblast Scar TGF-β

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Alcohol-induced alterations of the hepatocyte cytoskeleton

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第11期16卷 1358-1365页

作者： Blythe D Shepard pamela L Tuma Department of Biology The Catholic University of America

The hepatocyte cytoskeleton consists of three fi lamentous networks: microtubules, actin microfi laments and keratin intermediate filaments. Because of the abundance of the proteins that comprise each system and the central role each network plays in a variety of cellular processes, the three fi lament systems have been the focus of a host of studies aimed at understanding the progression of alcohol-induced liver injury. In this review, we will briefly discuss the hepatic organization of each cytoskeletal network and highlight some components of each system. We will also describe what is known about ethanol-induced changes in the dynamics and distributions of each cytoskeletal system and discuss what is known about changes in protein expression levels and post-translational modifi cations. Finally, we will describe the possible consequences of these cytoskeletal alterations on hepatocyte function and how they might contribute to the progression of liver disease.

关键词： Ethanol Hepatotoxicity Tubulin Actin Keratin

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Alcohol-induced protein hyperacetylation: Mechanisms and consequences

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第10期15卷 1219-1230页

作者： Blythe D Shepard pamela L Tuma Department of Biology The Catholic University of America 620 Michigan Avenue NE Washington DC 20064 United States

Although the clinical manifestations of alcoholic liver disease are well-described, little is known about the molecular basis of liver injury. Recent studies have indicated that ethanol exposure induces global protein hyperacetylationo This reversible, post- translational modification on the E-amino groups of lysine residues has been shown to modulate multiple, diverse cellular processes ranging from transcriptional activation to microtubule stability. Thus, alcohol- induced protein hyperacetylation likely leads to major physiological consequences that contribute to alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. Lysine acetylation is controlled by the activities of two opposing enzymes, histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases. Currently, efforts are aimed at determining which enzymes are responsible for the increased acetylation of specific substrates. However, the greater challenge will be to determine the physiological ramifications of protein hyperacetylation and how they might contribute to the progression of liver disease. In this review, we will first list and discuss the proteins known to be hyperacetylated in the presence of ethanol. We will then describe what is known about the mechanisms leading to increased protein acetylation and how hyperacetylation may perturb hepatic function.

关键词： Ethanol Hepatotoxicity Acetylation Deacetylases Acetyltransferases

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Expression of genes that control core fucosylation in hepatocellular carcinoma: Systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第23期25卷 2947-2960页

作者： pamela A Norton Anand S Mehta Department of Microbiology and Immunology Drexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA 19102United States Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC 29425United States

BACKGROUND Changes in N-linked glycosylation have been observed in the circulation of individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma. In particular, an elevation in the level of core fucosylation has been observed. However, the mechanisms through which core fucose is increased are not well understood. We hypothesized that a review of the literature and related bioinformatic review regarding six genes known to be involved in the attachment of core fucosylation, the synthesis of the fucosylation substrate guanosine diphosphate(GDP)-fucose, or the transport of the substrate into the Golgi might offer mechanistic insight into the regulation of core fucose *** To survey the literature to capture the involvement of genes regulating core Nlinked fucosylation in hepatocellular carcinoma METHODS The PubMed biomedical literature database was searched for the association of hepatocellular carcinoma and each of the core fucose-related genes and their protein products. We also queried The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver hepatocellular carcinoma(LIHC) dataset for genetic, epigenetic and gene expression changes for the set of six genes using the tools at *** A total of 27 citations involving one or more of the core fucosylation-related genes(FPGT, FUK, FUT8, GMDS, SLC35 C1, TSTA3) and hepatocellular carcinoma were identified. The same set of gene symbols was used to query the371 patients with liver cancer in the LIHC dataset to identify the frequency of m RNA over or under expression, as well as non-synonymous mutations, copy number variation and methylation level. Although all six genes trended to moresamples displaying over expression relative to under-expression, it was noted that a number of tumor samples had undergone amplification of the genes of the de novo synthesis pathway, GMDS(27 samples) and TSTA3(78 samples). In contrast, the other four genes had undergone amplification in 2 or fewer *** Amplification of genes involved in the de novo pathway

关键词： Liver cancer N-linked glycosylation Fucose Guanosine diphosphate fucose Hepatocellular carcinoma

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