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Linka.es between a.ricultura. Diversifica.ion, Dieta.y Diversity, a.d Nutrition Outcomes in Sub-Sa.a.a. a.rica. a.Systema.ic Review

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a.ricultura. Sciences 2022年第7期13卷 879-896页

作者： Sidney Lula.ga.pamela a. Ma.inda.Christopher Kha.eka.Wa.da.wa School of Huma.ities a.d Socia. Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Depa.tment of Food Science a.d Nutrition School of Agricultural Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia School of Pha.ma.eutica. Science a.d Technology (SPST) Health Science Platform Tianjin University Tianjin China

a. ena.ling policy environment a.d good governa.ce a.e funda.enta. drivers for a.riculture a.d food systems, fra.ing how they work a.d for whom in the globa. efforts to a.hieve Susta.na.le Development Goa. 2 a.d food justice for a.l. The review exa.ined the policy environment in sub-Sa.a.a. a.rica.in rela.ion to linka.es between a.ricultura. diversifica.ion, dieta.y diversity, a.d nutrition. The systema.ic review of litera.ure enta.led sea.ching Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Emba.e, a.rica. Journa.s Online a.d PsychINFO da.a.a.es from Ja. 1, 2010, to Feb 30, 2021, for eligible studies a.d technica. reports. Publica.ions reporting on a.ricultura. diversifica.ion, dieta.y diversity, a.d nutrition outcomes in rela.ion to policy environment were included. Qua.ita.ive synthesis of the a.stra.ted evidence wa. conducted. SSa.countries recognise the crucia. role of a.ricultura. diversifica.ion a. a.pa.hwa. to a.hieving food security with increa.ing empha.is on sma.lholder fa.mers. There is a.rich ba.e of policies tha. a.e complemented by lived experiences a.d best pra.tices which ca. strengthen linka.es between a.ricultura. diversifica.ion, a.ribusiness a.d dieta.y diversity. For insta.ce, the a.plica.ion of precision fa.ming, a.ro-ecologica. zones ta.geted a.ricultura. intensifica.ion a.d gender sensitive la.d a.ministra.ion, a.cess a.d tenure in countries experiencing declining fa.m size could potentia.ly ensure the youth, men a.d women ha.e equita.le a.d innova.ive opportunities of a.cess to elements of improved a.ricultura. systems. Sma.lholder fa.mers with the ma.ority in rura. settings, ma.nta.n de fa.to a.ricultura. diversity. It is essentia. for a.y policy design or intervention to ta.e into a.count the specific country’s context;pa. pa.ticula. a.tention to socioeconomic ca.a.ilities of the rura. popula.ion a.ong with fisca. ca.a.ity a.d tra.e-offs. Empirica. evidence on the nexus between a.ricultura. diversifica.ion a.d nutrition is mixed a.d limited.

关键词： a.ricultura. Diversifica.ion Dieta.y Diversity Sub-Sa.a.a. a.rica Policy Nutrition

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Luminometric Studies of Yea.t Response to Complex Environmenta. Ca.cium Va.ia.ions Demonstra.e Sensing of Externa. Ca.cium Ion Cha.ges

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a.va.ces in Microbiology 2022年第9期12卷 555-567页

作者： a.gustus C. Pa.ker Da.id a. Mintz Fra.cisco J. Solis pamela a. Ma.sha.l School of Ma.hema.ica. a.d Na.ura. Sciences Arizona State University Glendale USA

The response of yea.t to sha.p environmenta. increa.es in ca.cium concentra.ion ha. been extensively studied. However, systema.ic studies of the response under more genera. cha.ges a.e still la.king. Only limited explora.ion of cellula. responses ha. been conducted where ca.cium concentra.ion is decrea.ed. This a.ticle describes a.set of luminometric experiments tha. monitor the cytosolic ca.cium concentra.ion under cha.ging externa. concentra.ion conditions. a. a.decrea.e in externa. ca.cium concentra.ions requires the use of la.ge sa.ple volumes, the experiments require the use of equipment a.a.ted for this purpose. We describe the modifica.ion of commercia. luminometric equipment to ma.e the explora.ion possible. We explore the yea.t cellula. beha.ior when a. increa.e in externa. ca.cium concentra.ion is followed by a.decrea.e in externa. ca.cium concentra.ion. We compa.e these results with those from the ca.e of a.double pulse of concentra.ion increa.e. Results from the experiment show tha. the first, concentra.ion increa.ing pulse produces the well-known sha.p increa.e in cytosolic ca.cium followed by ca.cium sequestra.ion to return to a.cytosolic concentra.ion nea. its initia. condition. Surprisingly, the ca.cium decrea.e step shows simila. results with a.cytosolic increa.e followed by a.return to lower levels. The results suggest the presence of a.ca.cium sensing mecha.ism regula.ing ca.cium influx from externa. sources. This mecha.ism would produce cha.nel opening a. a.response to a.y cha.ges in externa. concentra.ion, be it a. enha.cement or a.depletion.

关键词： Sa.cha.omyces cerevisia. Ca.cium Homeosta.is Extra.ellula. Ion Cha.ges

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Ca.dia. Tra.spla.ta.ion : The Columbia.University Medica. Center / New York-Presbyteria. Hospita. Ma.ua. 1

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丛书名： Contempora.y ca.diology

2004年

作者： Edwa.ds Niloo M. Chen Jona.ha. M. Ma.zeo pamela a.

ISBN: (纸本)1588291812

Lea.ing physicia.s summa.ize in this ea.y-to-use a.d eminently pra.tica. ha.dbook the da.-to-da. ma.a.ement of tra.spla.t donors a.d recipients a. Columbia.Presbyteria. Medica. Center. Topics covered ra.ge from surgica. techniques, pa.hology, a.d immunosuppression, to posttra.spla.t ma.a.ement, pedia.ric hea.t tra.spla.ta.ion, surgica. a.terna.ives, a.d mecha.ica. circula.ory a.sista.ce a. a.bridge to tra.spla.ta.ion. The a.thors a.so discuss congenita. tra.spla.t techniques, sta.e-of-the-a.t periopera.ive ma.a.ement techniques a.d protocols, a.d UNOS regula.ion a.d nurse coordina.ion

关键词： Hea.t Tra.spla.ta.ion.

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Vegeta.les, Herbs a.d Spices: The Importa.ce of Fa.ily a.d Ta.ting

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Hea.th 2016年第14期8卷 1554-1565页

作者： pamela a. Heinrichs Ca.sa.dra.J. Nikola.s Brenna.Ellison Sha.on M. Nickols-Richa.dson Ka.en Cha.ma.-Nova.ofski University of Illinois a. Urba.a.Cha.pa.gn Champaign IL USA Currently a.dress: The Hersey Compa.y Hershey PA USA

Objective: To explore why a.d how consumers utilize vegeta.les, herbs a.d spices. Methods: Focus groups were conducted with a.ult pa.ticipa.ts (n = 54) to determine a.titudes, self-effica.y, a.d beha.iors rela.ed to liking a.d usa.e of vegeta.les, herbs a.d spices a. well a. stra.egies to increa.e vegeta.le inta.e. Results: Sea.ona. a.a.la.ility, a.d fa.ily-centered memories a.d pra.tices were motiva.ion for vegeta.le inta.e. a.diverse number of vegeta.les (n = 39) were listed a. fa.orites ba.ed on ta.te a.d versa.ility, but sea.onings were not commonly included in responses rega.ding prepa.a.ion. Pa.ticipa.ts felt tha. vegeta.le dish na.es should reflect ingredients explicitly;tha. sea.onings enha.ced vegeta.le fla.ors;a.d tha. sa.t a.d pepper were most commonly used sea.onings. The preferred stra.egy to increa.e vegeta.le consumption wa. through ta.ting or sa.pling opportunities;sea.oning use wa. not mentioned. However, pa.ticipa.ts perceived tha. suggestions or demonstra.ions on how to prepa.e vegeta.les a. home would be helpful. Persona. ga.dens were mentioned frequently, but were not connected to stra.egies for increa.ing inta.e. Conclusions a.d Implica.ions: Vegeta.le inta.e ha. a.fa.ily focus tha. should be empha.ized to increa.e inta.e. Efforts to increa.e inta.e could empha.ize fla.or a.d versa.ile prepa.a.ion methods through ta.ting opportunities or educa.iona. demonstra.ions.

关键词： Dieta.y Ha.its Focus Groups Vegeta.les Spices Herbs

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Resident Lea.ning Styles: a.e We Ma.imizing Lea.ning Opportunities for Toda.’s Resident Lea.ner?

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Open Journa. of a.esthesiology 2015年第7期5卷 177-182页

作者： Ka.hleen E. Kna.p Nichole L. Townsend Seth P. Ha.ley Lopa.Misra.pamela a. Mergens Depa.tment of a.esthesiology Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA

Medica. educa.ion is in consta.t evolution. It is importa.t to continuously eva.ua.e how residents a.e being ta.ght in order to improve, a.d to ma.imize dida.tic time while improving sta.da.dized test scores. The a.m of this study is to a.sess how residents prefer to lea.n, which fa.tors preclude residents from studying, the preva.ence of certa.n tea.hing methods a. our institutions, a.d how this a.fects sta.da.dized exa. scores. In order to ga.her this da.a. residents a.ross the three Ma.o Clinic ca.puses were a.onymously surveyed rega.ding their preferred study ha.its, fa.tors tha. a.fect their a.ility to study, how they a.e most frequently ta.ght within their progra., a.d their most recent in tra.ning exa. (ITE) scores. Residents a.e frequently encountering dida.tic lessons tha. a.e consistent with their preferred study methods. However, there seems to be a.number of preferred study methods tha. ma. not be represented by sta.da.d dida.tic sessions. There a.e ma.y other fa.tors tha. a.fect a.resident’s a.ility to study a.d those should be ta.en into considera.ion by the depa.tment when deciding how to tea.h their residents.

关键词： Resident Educa.ion Sta.da.dized Exa.ina.ion Dida.tic Sessions Study Methods

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a.a.ysis of Volutin Gra.ule Forma.ion in <i>Sa.cha.omyces cerevisia.</i>

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a.va.ces in Microbiology 2014年第8期4卷 465-473页

作者： pamela a. Ma.sha.l Da.id B. De La.Rosa.Lorenzo G. Sa.chez Ma.thew L. Sta.r School of Ma.hema.ica. a.d Na.ura. Sciences Arizona State University Glendale USA

The budding yea.t Sa.cha.omyces cerevisia. serves a. a. effective model orga.ism for ma.y cellula. pa.hwa.s including phospha.e tra.sport, a.cumula.ion, a.d stora.e. In S. cerevisia., phospha.e is a.tively tra.sported a.ross the pla.ma.membra.e via.severa. phospha.e ca.riers a.d is then tra.sported into the a.idic va.uole (roughly equiva.ent to the ma.ma.ia. lysosome with degra.a.ive functions but with a.ditiona. stora.e functions, such a. ca.cium) where it is synthesized into volutin, a.stora.e form of polyphospha.e, found in ma.y orga.isms. We ha.e been studying volutin gra.ule forma.ion in wild type cells to determine the physiologica. requirements for forma.ion a.d in muta.ts to determine the pa.hwa. by which the volutin biosynthetic proteins a.e tra.sported to the va.uole. Underta.ing a. a.a.ysis of volutin forma.ion in yea.t va.uoles by blocking va.uole function with pha.ma.ologica. a.ents, such a. ionomycin a.d CCCP, we see tha. va.uole pH a. well a. va.uola. ca.cium seems critica. for volutin forma.ion. Different blocks in va.uola. protein sorting ha.e differentia. effects on volutin gra.ule a.cumula.ion, with volutin gra.ule forma.ion seen in a.l muta.t stra.ns thus fa. tested, except for vps33, a.muta.t cell stra.n la.king a.l va.uola. structure. Our da.a.a.e consistent with pleiotrophic effects of va.uola. physiologica. function blocks lea.ing to a.decrea.e in volutin forma.ion.

关键词： Sa.cha.omyces cerevisia. Va.uole Volutin Polyphospha.e

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黑种人和白种人健康眼之间视功能和视神经结构的差别

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美国医学会眼科杂志（中文版） 2006年第3期18卷 162-168,187页

作者： Lyne Ra.ette Ca.herine Boden Sha.non L. Kleinha.dler Christopher a. Girkin Jeffrey M. Liebma.n Linda.M. Za.gwill Felipe a. Medeiros Christopher Bowd Robert N. Weinreb M. Roy Wilson pamela a. Sa.ple 韩静（译）惠延年（校） Ha.ilton Gla.coma.Center a.d Visua. Function La.ora.ory . Depa.tment of Ophtha.mology University of Callfomia at San Diego La Jolla Depa.tments of Ophtha.mology University ofAlabama at Birmingham New York Eye a.d Ea. Infirma.y New York Texa. Tech University Lubbock 不详

目的：观察黑种人和白种人健康眼之间视功能、视盘地形和视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）厚度的差别。方法：采用标准自动视野计检查、短波长自动视野计检查及倍频技术视野计检查评价50位黑种人和50位白种人健康眼视功能。采用Heidelberg视网... 详细信息

目的：观察黑种人和白种人健康眼之间视功能、视盘地形和视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）厚度的差别。方法：采用标准自动视野计检查、短波长自动视野计检查及倍频技术视野计检查评价50位黑种人和50位白种人健康眼视功能。采用Heidelberg视网膜地形图和光学相干断层扫描仪测量视盘形态和RNFL厚度。结果：两组平均标准自动视野检查平均偏差均在正常范围内。黑种人倍频技术视野检查的平均偏差比白种人较差（均数±标准差，-1．8±3．2dB对-0．1±2．4dB）。采用Heidelberg视网膜地形图测得黑种人视盘面积较白种人大（均数±标准差。2．1±0．4mm^2对1．7±0.4mm^2）。光学相干断层扫描仪测得的黑种人RNFL较白种人更厚。其中上方厚16．91pm。下方厚10．10μm。而且黑种人的眼内压较白种人略高（均数±标准差,16．5±2．5mmHg对15．2±3．2mmHg），中央角膜较薄（均数±标准差，540．5±43．2μm对560．9±35．5μm）。在平均RNFL厚度、所有测试的模式标准偏差或短波长自动视野检查的变量中均未见人种差别。结论：在视功能方面发现有微小的人种差别。但在健康眼。人种显著影响视盘形态及上方和下方RNFL的厚度测量。所观察到的眼内压具有人种差别，在校正中央角膜厚度之后。理论上也是升高的。需要前瞻性研究来进一步观察这些结果。

关键词：眼视功能白种人黑种人健康眼视神经结构短波长自动视野检查视网膜地形图视网膜神经纤维层

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Textua. Form a.d Cultura. a.fect: Willia. Empson′s Double-Plot a.d Ra.mond Willia.s′s Structure of Feeling

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外国文学研究 2005年第1期27卷 32-39页

作者： pamela McCa.lum is professor of English a. Depa.tment of English University of Calgary

By insisting on the prima.y of double-plot, Empson bra.kets the sometimes deceptive a.pea.a.ces of a.text′s content to uncover a.d disenga.e the more funda.enta. double-plot system a. work within the defining structure of the text. Empson′s thinking a.out the reception of double-plot structures ena.les Ra.mond Willia.s′s ea.ly formula.ions of structure of feeling, in pa.ticula. the gesturing this perplexing, underdeveloped, but persistent concept ma.es towa.ds understa.ding collective response to cultura. forms. This a.ticle explores the implica.ions of the reception of double-plot structures, dra.ing out the a.sumptions inscribed in Empson′s cla.ms a.out processes a. work a. a. a.dience enga.es with these dra.a.ic structures.

关键词：诗歌评论文化影响 Empson 雷蒙德·威廉斯双情节文章结构

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Frequency regula.ion by fuzzy a.d bina.y control in a.hybrid isla.ded microgrid

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Journa. of Modern Power Systems a.d Clea. Energy 2015年第3期3卷 429-439页

作者： pamela Ma.Ja.RES Om Ma.IK Depa.tment of Electrica. a.d Computer Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada

Isla.ded microgrids must be self-sufficient in terms of frequency a.d volta.e control due to their isla.ded opera.ion.a.control stra.egy for frequency regula.ion by combining the opera.ion of a.wind genera.or,a.diesel genera.or,a.ba.tery energy stora.e system a.d a.dump loa. in a.microgrid is proposed in this *** the proposed stra.egy,the control ta.k is pa.titioned into two subta.ks:1)choosing the a.propria.e element to be used for regula.ion,a.d 2)providing frequency regula.ion.a.globa. controller chooses the element to ***,the frequency regula.ion is provided by sepa.a.e individua. *** proposed control stra.egy is tested on a.microgrid with mixed types of genera.ion a.d modeled on *** monitoring the power of individua. elements a.d system frequency,it is shown tha. the proposed control stra.egy opera.es *** proposed stra.egy fa.ilita.es the integra.ion of renewa.le energy sources a.d enha.ces frequency regula.ion.

关键词： Frequency regula.ion Fuzzy control Hybrid microgrid a.toma.ic opera.ion

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Systems perspectives on mRNa.processing

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Cell Resea.ch 2007年第7期17卷 581-590页

作者： a.rienne E McKee pamela a.Silver Depa.tment of Systems Biology Harvard Medical School BostonMA 02115USA

The a.plica.ion of genomic technologies to the study of mRNa.processing is increa.ingly conducted in meta.oa.orga.isms in order to understa.d the complex events tha. occur during a.d a.ter tra.scription. La.ge-sca.e systemsa.a.yses of mRNa.protein intera.tions a.d mRNa.dyna.ics ha.e revea.ed specificity in mRNa.tra.scription, splicing,tra.sport, tra.sla.ion, a.d turnover, a.d ha.e begun to ma.e connections between the different la.ers of mRNa.process-ing. Here, we review globa. studies of post-tra.scriptiona. processes a.d discuss the cha.lenges fa.ing our understa.dingof mRNa.regula.ion in meta.oa. orga.isms. In pa.a.lel, we exa.ine genome-sca.e investiga.ions tha. ha.e expa.dedour knowledge of RNa.binding proteins a.d the networks of mRNa. tha. they regula.e.

关键词： RNa.binding protein post-tra.scriptiona. regula.ion systems biology functiona. genomics

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