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Revealing the complexity of vampire bat rabies "spillover transmission"

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第1期12卷 102-110页

作者： Luis E.Escobar Andres Velasco-Villa Panayampalli S.Satheshkumar Yoshinori Nakazawa paige van de vuurst department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Virginia Tech Graduate School Translational BiologyMedicineand Health ProgramBlacksburgVAUSA Global Change Center Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod‑Borne Pathogens Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad de La SalleBogotáColombia Poxvirus and Rabies Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention1600 Clifton Rd.NEAtlantaGA 30333USA

Background The term virus'spillover’embodies a highly complex phenomenon and is often used to refer to viral transmission from a primary reservoir host to a new,naïve yet susceptible and permissive host species.Spillover transmission can result in a virus becoming pathogenic,causing disease and death to the new host if successful infection and transmission takes place.Main text The scientific literature across diverse disciplines has used the terms virus spillover,spillover transmission,cross-species transmission,and host shift almost indistinctly to imply the complex process of establishment of a virus from an original host(source/donor)to a naïve host(recipient),which have close or distant taxonomic or evolutionary ties.Spillover transmission may result in unsuccessful onward transmission,if the virus dies off before propagation.Alternatively,successful viral establishment in the new host can occur if subsequent secondary transmission among individuals of the same novel species and among other sympatric susceptible species occurred.As such,virus spillover transmission is a common yet highly complex phenomenon that encompasses multiple subtle stages that can be deconstructed to be studied separately to better understand the drivers of disease emergence.Rabies virus(RABV)is a well-documented viral pathogen which still inflicts heavy impact on humans,companion animals,wildlife,and livestock throughout Latin America due substantial spatial temporal and ecological—natural and expansional—overlap with several virus reservoir hosts.Thereby,the rabies disease system represents a robust avenue through which the drivers and uncertainties surrounding spillover transmission can be unravel at its different subtle stages to better understand how they may be affected by coarse,medium,and fine scale variables.Conclusions The continued study of viral spillover transmission necessitates the elucidation of its complexities to better assess the cross-scale impacts of ecological forces linked to the propensity of spillover success.

关键词： Bat-borne diseases Rabies Spillover Transmission

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Climate change and infectious disease: a review of evidence and research trends

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第3期12卷 89-89页

作者： paige van de vuurst Luis E.Escobar Virginia Tech Graduate School Translational BiologyMedicineand Health ProgramBlacksburgVAUSA department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Global Change Center Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad de La SalleBogotáColombia

Background Climate change presents an imminent threat to almost all biological systems across the globe.In recent years there have been a series of studies showing how changes in climate can impact infectious disease transmission.Many of these publications focus on simulations based on in silico data,shadowing empirical research based on feld and laboratory data.A synthesis work of empirical climate change and infectious disease research is still lacking.Methods We conducted a systemic review of research from 2015 to 2020 period on climate change and infectious diseases to identify major trends and current gaps of research.Literature was sourced from Web of Science and PubMed literary repositories using a key word search,and was reviewed using a delineated inclusion criteria by a team of reviewers.Results Our review revealed that both taxonomic and geographic biases are present in climate and infectious disease research,specifcally with regard to types of disease transmission and localities studied.Empirical investigations on vector-borne diseases associated with mosquitoes comprised the majority of research on the climate change and infectious disease literature.Furthermore,demographic trends in the institutions and individuals published revealed research bias towards research conducted across temperate,high-income countries.We also identifed key trends in funding sources for most resent literature and a discrepancy in the gender identities of publishing authors which may refect current systemic inequities in the scientifc feld.Conclusions Future research lines on climate change and infectious diseases should considered diseases of direct transmission(non-vector-borne)and more research efort in the tropics.Inclusion of local research in low-and middle-income countries was generally neglected.Research on climate change and infectious disease has failed to be socially inclusive,geographically balanced,and broad in terms of the disease systems studied,limiting our capacities to better understand the actual efects o

关键词： Climate change Infectious disease Research trend Systematic review

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Reconstructing landscapes of ungulate parturition and predation using vegetation phenology

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Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 275-283页

作者： paige van de vuurst Seth A.MOORE Edmund J.ISAAC Yvette CHENAUX-IBRAHIM Tiffany M.WOLF Luis E.ESCOBAR department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA department of Biology and Environment Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior ChippewaGrand PortageMN 55605USA Veterinary Population Medicine University of MinnesotaSt PaulMN 55108USA

Enhanced vegetation index(EVI)data can be used to identify and define the space in which ungulates practice parturition and encounter predation.This study explores the use of EVI data to identify landscapes linked to ungulate parturition and predation events across space,time,and environmental conditions.As a case study,we used the moose population(Alces alces)of northern Minnesota in the USA.Using remotely sensed EVI data rasters and global positioning system collar data,we quantified how vegetation phenology and moose movement shaped the births and predation of 52 moose calves from 2013 to 2020 on or adjacent to the Grand Portage Indian Reservation.The known sources of predation were American black bears(Ursus americanus,n=22)and gray wolves(Canis lupus,n=28).Satellite-derived data summarizing seasonal landscape features at the local level revealed that landscape heterogeneity use by moose can help to quantitatively identify landscapes of parturition and predation in space and time across large areas.Vegetation phenology proved to be differentiable between adult moose ranges,sites of cow parturition,and sites of calf predation.Landscape characteristics of each moose group were consistent and tractable based on environment,suggesting that sites of parturition and predation of moose are predictable in space and time.It is possible that moose selected specific landscapes for parturition despite risk of increased predation of their calves,which could be an example of an"ecological trap."This analytical framework can be employed to identify areas for future ungulate research on the impacts of landscape on parturition and predation dynamics.

关键词： bear EVI moose parturition predation prey vegetation phenology

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Neglected tropical diseases risk correlates with poverty and early ecosystem destruction

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第2期12卷 129-129页

作者： Arthur Ramalho Magalhães Cláudia Torres Codeço Jens-Christian Svenning Luis E.Escobar paige van de vuurst Thiago Gonçalves-Souza Laboratory of Ecological Synthesis and Biodiversity Conservation (ECOFUN) Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil Scientific Computation Program (PROCC) Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) Department of Biology. Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Tech Blacksburg USA Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens Virginia Tech Blacksburg USA Translational Biology Medicine and Health Program Virginia Tech Graduate School Blacksburg USA

Background Neglected tropical diseases affect the most vulnerable populations and cause chronic and debilitating disorders.Socioeconomic vulnerability is a well-known and important determinant of neglected tropical diseases.For example,poverty and sanitation could influence parasite transmission.Nevertheless,the quantitative impact of socioeconomic conditions on disease transmission risk remains poorly explored.Methods This study investigated the role of socioeconomic variables in the predictive capacity of risk models of neglected tropical zoonoses using a decade of epidemiological data(2007–2018)from Brazil.Vector-borne diseases investigated in this study included dengue,malaria,Chagas disease,leishmaniasis,and Brazilian spotted fever,while directly-transmitted zoonotic diseases included schistosomiasis,leptospirosis,and hantaviruses.Environmental and socioeconomic predictors were combined with infectious disease data to build environmental and socioenvironmental sets of ecological niche models and their performances were compared.Results Socioeconomic variables were found to be as important as environmental variables in influencing the estimated likelihood of disease transmission across large spatial scales.The combination of socioeconomic and environmental variables improved overall model accuracy(or predictive power)by 10%on average(Pdengue fever.Gross domestic product was the most important socioeconomic variable(37%relative variable importance,all individual models exhibited Pdecreasing relationship with disease indicating poverty as a major factor for disease transmission.Loss of natural vegetation cover between 2008 and 2018 was the most important environmental variable(42%relative variable importance,Pdels,exhibiting a decreasing relationship with disease probability,showing that these diseases are especially prevalent in areas where natural ecosystem destruction is on its initial stages and lower when ecosystem

关键词： Disease ecology Ecological niche model Socioecological system Vector-borne diseases Zoonosis Brazil

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Effects of cereal fiber on bowel function: A systematic review of intervention trials

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第29期21卷 8952-8963页

作者： Jan de Vries paige E Miller Kristin Verbeke de Vries Nutrition Solutions Inc. Center for Epidemiology Biostatistics and Computational Biology Exponent Inc. Nutrition and Food Service Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital Hines department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine KU Leuven

AIM: To comprehensively review and quantitatively summarize results from intervention studies that examined the effects of intact cereal dietary fiber on parameters of bowel function. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using Pub Med and EMBASE. Supplementary literature searches included screening reference lists from relevant studies and reviews. Eligible outcomes were stool wet and dry weight, percentage water in stools, stool frequency and consistency, and total transit time. Weighted regression analyses generated mean change(± SD) in these measures per g/d of dietary fiber. RESULTS: Sixty-five intervention studies among generally healthy populations were identified. A quantitative examination of the effects of non-wheat sources of intact cereal dietary fibers was not possible due to an insufficient number of studies. Weighted regression analyses demonstrated that each extra g/d of wheat fiber increased total stool weight by 3.7 ± 0.09 g/d(P decreased by 0.78 ± 0.13 h per additional g/d(P < 0.0001; 95%CI: 0.53-1.04) of wheat fiber among those with an initial transit time greater than 48 h.CONCLUSION: Wheat dietary fiber, and predominately wheat bran dietary fiber, improves measures of bowel function.

关键词： Comprehensive review Dietary fiber Wheat bran Cereal Bowel function

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离子通道、磷酸化和哺乳动物精子获能

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第3期13卷 395-405,511页

作者： Pablo E Visconti Dario Krapf Jose Luis de la Vega-Beltran Juan Jose Acevedo Alberto Darszon department of Veterinary and Animal Science Paige Labs University of Massachusets Amherst MA 01003 USA Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology of Rosario （CONICETUNR） and Area Biologia Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas y Farmaceuticas UNR Rosario 2000 Argentina departamento de Genetica del desarrollo y Fisiologia Molecular Institute de Biotecnologia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico （UNAM） Cuemavaca Merelos C.P. 62510 Mexico departamento de Fisiologia y Farmacologia Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autenoma del Estado de Morelas Cuernavaca C.P. 62510 Mexico

有性生殖动物需要精子和卵子之间进行精心协调的交流才能产生新的个体。精子获能是发生在女性生殖系统中的生殖细胞成熟的一个复杂现象，让精子能够和卵子联结并融合，是哺乳动物生育的必要条件。精子获能过程包括了质膜重组、离子渗透... 详细信息

有性生殖动物需要精子和卵子之间进行精心协调的交流才能产生新的个体。精子获能是发生在女性生殖系统中的生殖细胞成熟的一个复杂现象，让精子能够和卵子联结并融合，是哺乳动物生育的必要条件。精子获能过程包括了质膜重组、离子渗透调节、胆固醇减少和许多蛋白质磷酸化状态的变化。研究精子离子通道的新工具能用更好的时空解析度将细胞内的离子变化和蛋白图像化，这些工具正在一步步阐明离子运输和磷酸化状态中的一系列调节是如何引起获能的。最近的证据表明有两条平行的通路调节引起获能的磷酸化发生。其中一条通路要求蛋白激酶A活化，另一条通路需要丝氨酸／苏氨酸磷酸酶失活。本文综述了精子获能所要求的离子运输参与和磷酸化信号处理。理解导致生育的分子机制，对于人们应对男性不育率升高、开发安全的以雄性配子为基础的避孕药、通过辅助生殖策略保持生物多样性都至关重要。

关键词：获能离子通道脂类磷酸化精子

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波士顿大都会区的情景规划:探索城市未来发展的环境和社会影响

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风景园林 2013年第6期20卷 96-102页

作者：劳勃·L.·莱恩佩格·S·瓦伦克雷格·妮可森郑景雯瑞秋·丹福德迈克尔·斯特巴赫孙帅马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校(美国)风景园林和区域规划学院马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校(美国)环境保护学院德国不伦瑞克生物多样性研究所北方工业大学建筑工程学院

波士顿大都市区城市长期生态研究区(BMA-ULTRA-EX)项目是一个跨学科的项目,正在研究对城市生态系统有影响的社会经济和生物物理领域。波士顿地区正在经历着的城乡结合部的低密度城市扩张(郊区化)对自然资源和环境产生了一定的影响。与... 详细信息

波士顿大都市区城市长期生态研究区(BMA-ULTRA-EX)项目是一个跨学科的项目,正在研究对城市生态系统有影响的社会经济和生物物理领域。波士顿地区正在经历着的城乡结合部的低密度城市扩张(郊区化)对自然资源和环境产生了一定的影响。与此同时,像波士顿这样的中心城市,伴随着商业中心和交通枢纽附近的有限的加密开发(致密),一些低收入社区正在面临着经济的衰落。这些社会经济力量竞争过程中的郊区化、致密化和撤资也对城市生态环境系统产生影响。通过景观规划措施来解决这些问题,需要一个积极主动的做法,将目前建成的土地集中发展,而在边缘郊区保护自然资源,同时在当前高密度的城市核心区增加绿化并提高生态系统服务功能。通过这种景观规划方法,研究小组利用一个利益相关者驱动的过程,制定出一套4个情景规划方案来探索区域的未来。描述了这个利益相关者参与的规划过程,并进行初步分析,最后,为其他从事情景规划的景观规划师们总结了项目的经验。

关键词：景观规划城市生态情景规划

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可控性计算的一个稳定算法

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数值计算与计算机应用 1992年第1期13卷 1-6页

作者：储德林清华大学

给定线性系统(A,B),A∈R^(n×n),B∈R^(n×m),则可控性可以定义为: 定义:若rank(B AB…A^(n-1)B)=n,则(A,B)可控. 可控性是自动控制理论的重要概念,并已得到大量研究,产生了多种数值判别算法.然而正如C.C.paige所分析,从数值计算的观点... 详细信息

给定线性系统(A,B),A∈R^(n×n),B∈R^(n×m),则可控性可以定义为: 定义:若rank(B AB…A^(n-1)B)=n,则(A,B)可控. 可控性是自动控制理论的重要概念,并已得到大量研究,产生了多种数值判别算法.然而正如C.C.paige所分析,从数值计算的观点考虑,对大量已存在的算法需从数值稳定性的角度重新加以观察.首先考虑到计算误差的不可避免性。

关键词：可控性计算算法

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