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An experimental study on the conversion between IFPUG and UCP functional size measurement units

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2014年第3期15卷 161-173页

作者： Juan J.CUADRADO-GALLEGO Alain ABRAN pablo RODRíGUEZ-SORIA Miguel A.LARA Ecole de Technologie Supérieure-ETS 1100 Notre-Dame Ouest Computer Science Department University of Alcala

The use of functional size measurement(FSM) methods in software development organizations is growing during the years. Also, object oriented(OO) techniques have become quite a standard to design the software and, in particular, Use Cases is one of the most used techniques to specify functional requirements. Main FSM methods do not include specific rules to measure the software functionality from its Use Cases analysis. To deal with this issue some other methods like Kramer's functional measurement method have been developed. Therefore, one of the main issues for those organizations willing to use OO functional measurement method in order to facilitate the use cases count procedure is how to convert their portfolio functional size from the previously adopted FSM method towards the new method. The objective of this research is to find a statistical relationship for converting the software functional size units measured by the International Function Point Users Group(IFPUG) function point analysis(FPA) method into Kramer-Smith's use cases points(UCP) method and vice versa. Methodologies for a correct data gathering are proposed and results obtained are analyzed to draw the linear and non-linear equations for this correlation. Finally, a conversion factor and corresponding conversion intervals are given to establish the statistical relationship.

关键词： Software engineering Requirements analysis Functional size measurement Use cases analysis Object oriented Function point analysis Use cases points

Effect of the filling season on aquatic plants in Mediterranean temporary ponds

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第3期11卷 502-510页

作者： Rocío Fernández-Zamudio pablo García-Murillo Carmen Díaz-Paniagua Doñana Biological Station-CSIC Avda.Américo Vespucio s/n41092 SevilleSpain Department of Plant Biology and Ecology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of SevilleSevilleSpain

Aims Pond environmental conditions may differ among years with regards to the season in which ponds begin to *** experimen-tally evaluated how seedling emergence,plant growth and phe-nology differed among years in which filling occurred in winter,autumn or *** We collected sediments from a natural temporary pond and located them in *** were placed in a climatic chamber that simulated annual variation in field environmental temperatures and light *** were assigned to one of three treat-ments,which differed in the date on which they were filled with water(autumn,winter and spring).We counted the number of seed-lings of different species emerged and recorded data about the pres-ence of flowers,seeds or spores every *** experiment was finished in June,when we harvested the plants and estimated their *** Findings In most species,seedling emergences were primarily related to time after filling,and thus synchronized their life cycles with the unpre-dictably timed wet phase of the *** filling resulted in the highest numbers of seeds/***,winter filling pro-moted plant growth the *** the spring filling treatment,more terrestrial plant seedlings emerged and fewer seeds/spores were *** ponds are flooded earlier,plants may produce a higher number of ***,in years when inundation is delayed to spring and hydroperiods are short,seedling emergence deplete the seed bank and there is little to no seed production,while terrestrial monocots are able to colonize pond basin.

关键词： Aquatic plants temporary ponds seed bank seedlings germination

User experiences and perceptions of health wearables:an exploratory study in Cambodia

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Global Health Research and Policy 2021年第1期6卷 158-167页

作者： Marco Liverani Por Ir Virginia Wiseman pablo Perel Department of Global Health and Development London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan Faculty of Public Health Mahidol UniversityBangkokThailand National Institute of Public Health Phnom PenhCambodia The Kirby Institute University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia Centre for Global Chronic Conditions London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK

Background:In many low-and middle-income countries(LMICs),health system capacities to address the burden of non-communicable diseases(NCDs)are often *** these countries,wearable health technologies such as smartbands and smartwatches could be used as part of public health programmes to improve the monitoring,prevention,and control of *** this potential,the purpose of this study was to explore user experiences and perceptions of a health wearable in ***:Data collection involved a survey,conducted between November 2019 and January 2020,among different categories of participants(including hypertensive participants,non-hypertensive participants,postgraduate students,and civil servants).All participants were given a sample of a watch-type wearable and advised to use it day and *** month after product delivery,we conducted a survey to explore their views and *** were analysed by using descriptive statistics and Chi square or Fisher’s exact test to compare responses from urban and rural ***:A total of 156 adult participants completed the *** acceptance was positive overall.89.1%of the participants said they would continue using the watch and 76.9%of them would recommend it to either friends or relatives,while 94%said the device stimulated them to think more frequently about their ***,challenges to technology adoption were also identified,including concerns with the accuracy and quality of the device and unfamiliarity with the concept of health self-monitoring,especially among the *** battery life and cost were also identified as potential barriers to continued ***:Health wearables are a promising new technology that could be used in Cambodia and in other LMICs to strengthen health sector responses to the challenges of ***,this technology should be carefully adapted to the local context and the needs of less resourced population *** additio

关键词： Cambodia NCDs Health wearables Fitness trackers Health system strengthening

Hepatic encephalopathy: Ever closer to its big bang

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第42期22卷 9251-9256页

作者： pablo A Souto Ariel R Marcotegui Lisandro Orbea Juan Skerl Juan Carlos Perazzo Department of Pathology Laboratory of Hyperammonemia and Hepatic Encephalopathy Center of Applied and Experimental Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Buenos Aires

Hepatic encephalopathy(HE) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that commonly complicates the course of patients with liver disease. Despite the fact that the syndrome was probably first recognized hundreds of years ago, the exact pathogenesis still remains unclear. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE) is the earliest form of HE and is estimated to affect more that 75% of patients with liver cirrhosis. It is characterized by cognitive impairment predominantly attention, reactiveness and integrative function with very subtle clinical manifestations. The development of MHE is associated with worsen in driving skills, daily activities and the increase of overall mortality. Skeletal muscle has the ability to shift from ammonia producer to ammonia detoxifying organ. Due to its large size, becomes the main ammonia detoxifying organ in case of chronic liver failure and muscular glutaminesynthase becomes important due to the failing liver and brain metabolic activity. Gut is the major glutamine consumer and ammonia producer organ in the body. Hepatocellular dysfunction due to liver disease, results in an impaired clearance of ammonium and in its interorgan trafficking. Intestinal bacteria, can also represent an extra source of ammonia production and in cirrhosis, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and symbiosis can be observed. In the study of HE, to get close to MHE is to get closer to its big bang; and from here, to travel less transited roads such as skeletal muscle and intestine, is to go even closer. The aim of this editorial is to expose this road for further and deeper work.

关键词： Ammonia Skeletal muscle Minimal hepatic encephalopathy Hyperammonemia

Influence of shock absorber condition on pavement fatigue using relative damage concept

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2015年第6期2卷 406-413页

作者： pablo Kubo Cassio Paiva Adelino Ferreira Arthur Larocca Department of Civil Engineering State University of Campinas Department of Civil Engineering University of Coimbra Department of Engineering Alpha Servicos de Assessoria Tecnica Ltda

Considering the importance of the road transportation nowadays, concerns related to pavement deterioration and maintenance have become relevant subjects. Especially for commercial vehicles, the vertical dynamic load （characterized by the tire-road interaction） is directly related to wear on the road surface. Given this, the main objective of this paper is to analyse effects of vertical loads applied on the flexible pavement, considering the variation of the condition of shock absorbers from a truck＇s front suspension. The mea- surements were performed on a rigid truck, with 2 steering front axles, in a durability test track located in Brazil. With a constant load of 6 tons on the front suspension （the maximum allowed load on front axles according to Brazilian legislation）, 3 different shock absorber conditions were evaluated： new, used and failed. By applying the relative damage concept, it is possible to conclude that the variation of the shock absorber conditions will significantly affect the vertical load applied on the pavement. Although the results clearly point to a dependent relationship between the load and the condition of the shock ab- sorbers, it is recommended to repeat the same methodology, in future to analyse the influence of other quarter car model variants （such as spring rate, mass and tire spring stiffness）.

关键词： Vertical load Pavement Relative damage Shock absorber

Cardiovascular prevention in elderly patients

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第5期19卷 377-392页

作者： Clara Bonanad Rosa Fernández-Olmo Sergio García-Blas Jose Antonio Alarcon pablo Díez-Villanueva Carmen Rus Mansilla Héctor García-Pardo pablo Toledo Ana Ayesta Eva Pereira Antoni Carol Almudena Castro-Conde Carmen de pablo-Zarzoso Manuel Martínez-Sellés Vicente Arrarte Raquel Campuzano Albert Ariza-Solé Servicio de Cardiología Hospital Clínico Universitario de ValenciaValenciaSpain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA ValenciaSpain Servicio Cardiología Hospital Universitario de Jaén Spain Servicio Cardiología Hospital de Donosti Spain Servicio de Cardiología Hospital Universitario La Princesa de MadridSpain Servicio de Cardiología Hospital Alto Gudalquivir de AndújarJaénSpain Servicio de Cardiología Hospital Rio Hortega de ValladolidSpain Servicio Cardiología Hospital Clínico San Cecilio de Granada Spain Servicio de Cardiología Hospital Universitario Central de AsturiasSpain Servicio de Cardiologia Hospital de LugoSpain Servicio de Cardiología Hospital Moisés Broggi de BarcelonaSpain Servicio de Cardiología Hospital Universitario de la Paz de Madrid Spain Servicio de Cardiología Hospital Ramón y Cajal de MadridSpain Department of Cardiology.Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón CIBERCV.Universidad EuropeaUniversidad Compluten Servicio de Cardiología del Hospital General de Alicante Spain Servicio de Cardiología Hospital Universitario Fundación de Alcorcón de MadridSpain Servicio de Cardiología Hospital Bellvitge de BarcelonaBioheartGrup de Malalties CardiovascularsInstitut d’InvestigacióBiomèdica de BellvitgeIDIBELLL’Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain

In recent decades,life expectancy has been increasing *** this scenario,health interventions are ne-cessary to improve prognosis and quality of life of elderly with cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular ***,the number of elderly patients included in clinical trials is low,thus current clinical practice guidelines do not include specific *** document aims to review prevention recommendations focused in patients≥75 years with high or very high cardiovascular risk,regarding objectives,medical treatment options and also including physical exercise and their inclusion in cardiac rehabilitation ***,we will show why geriatric syndromes such as frailty,dependence,cognitive impair-ment,and nutritional status,as well as comorbidities,ought to be considered in this population regarding their important pro-gnostic impact.

关键词： prevention patients cardiovascular

Potential of Nassarius nitidus for monitoring organotin pollution in the lagoon of Bizerta (northern Tunisia)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第9期23卷 1551-1557页

作者： Youssef Lahbib Sami Abidli pablo Rodríguez González Josè Ignacio Garía Alonso Najoua Trigui-El Menif Department of Biology Laboratory of Environment BiomonitoringGroup of Applied and Fundamental MalacologyFaculty of Sciences of BizertaUniversity of Carthage Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Oviedo

Imposex and butyltin burden were assessed in Nassarius nitidus,Bolinus brandaris and Hexaplex trunculus collected at five stations in the Bizerta *** analysis showed that imposex followed type （a） in *** （distal evolution）,against type （d） in the two muricids （proximal evolution）.Imposex indices were higher in sites located nearby sources of tributyltin and *** was the least affected species of the five sites,followed by *** and *** analysis showed lower accumulation in *** followed by *** and *** study has allowed the gathering of data on imposex in a snail studied for the first time in Tunisia （***）.It suggests the possibility of using such snail as a complementary species for organotin monitoring programs in the Mediterranean and further confirmed that *** is the most suitable species for such investigations.

关键词： organotins bio-indicator North Africa

Landscape genetics reveals inbreeding and genetic bottlenecks in the extremely rare short-globose cacti Mammillaria pectinifera (Cactaceae) as a result of habitat fragmentation

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Plant Diversity 2017年第1期39卷 13-19页

作者： Reyna Maya-Garcia Santiago Arizaga pablo Cuevas-Reyes Juan Manuel Penaloza-Ramirez Victor Rocha Ramirez Ken Oyama Facultad de Biologia Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo Mexico Escuela Nacional-de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia UNAM Antigua Carretera a Pdtzcuaro 8701 Colonia Ex-Hacienda de SanJose de la Huerta58190 Morelia Michoacan Mexico

Mammillaria pectinifera is an endemic, short-globose cactus species, included in the IUCN list as a threatened species with only 18 remaining populations in the Tehuacfin-Cuicatlan Valley in central Mexico. We evaluated the population genetic diversity and structure, connectivity, recent bottlenecks and population size, using nuclear microsatellites. M. pectinifera showed high genetic diversity but some evidence of heterozygote deficiency （F15）, recent bottlenecks in some populations and reductions in population size. Also, we found low population genetic differentiation and high values of connectivity for M. pectinifera, as the result of historical events of gene flow through pollen and seed dispersal. M. pectinifera occurs in sites with some degree of disturbance leading to the isolation of its populations and decreasing the levels of gene flow among them. Excessive deforestation also changes the original vegetation damaging the natural habitats. This species will become extinct if it is not properly preserved. Furthermore, this species has some ecological features that make them more vulnerable to disturbance such as a very low growth rates and long life cycles. We suggest in situ conservation to prevent the decrease of population sizes and loss of genetic diversity in the natural protected areas such as the Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Biosphere Reserve. In addition, a long-term ex situ conservation program is need to construct seed banks, and optimize seed germination and plant establishment protocols that restore disturbed habitats. Furthermore, creating a supply of living plants for trade is critical to avoid further extraction of plants from nature.

关键词： MammiUaria pectiniferaNuclear SSRGenetic diversityRecent bottlenecksEffective population size

Comparing techniques for measuring corticosterone in tadpoles

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Current Zoology 2015年第5期61卷 835-845页

作者： pablo BURRACO Rosa ARRIBAS Saurabh S. KULKARNI Daniel R. BUCHHOLZ Ivan GOMEZ-MESTRE Department of Wetland Ecology Estacion Biologica de Dofiana (EBD-CSIC) C/Americo Vespucio s/n 41092 Sevilla Spain Department of Pediatrics Yale School of Medicine Yale University New Haven CT 0651 USA Department of Biological Sciences University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA

Glucocorticoids play a key role in mediating stress responses in vertebrates. Corticosterone （CORT） is the main glucocorticoid produced in amphibians, birds, and reptiles, and regulates several metabolic functions. The most common methods for quantifying CORT are competitive binding immunoassays： radioimmunoassay （RIA） and enzyme immunoassay （EIA）. RIA has been broadly used since the 1980＇s but it requires radioactivity. Commercial EIA kits permit quantifying hormone levels without radioactivity although the requirement for a larger sample volume may be a strong limitation for measurements involving larval amphibians. Here we used Xenopus laevis tadpoles to compare the performance of three commonly used procedures for determination of CORT： RIA on a chloroform extract of whole-body homogenate, EIA on plasma, and EIA on supematant of whole-body homogenate. We treated tadpoles with exogenous CORT at 0, 25, 50, and 100 nM. RIA could distinguish between 0 and 25 nM, and EIA on plasma between 0 and 50 nM, whereas whole-body homogenate EIA only detected significant differences between 0 and 100 riM. Each procedure presents advantages and disadvantages regarding sensitivity, the use of radioactivity, sample size, handling time, and economic cost. RIA is preferred when studying small-bodied animals from which blood samples cannot be obtained. When CORT level differences are intermediate and blood sampling is possible, EIA on plasma is a good non-radioactive alternative. EIA on whole-body homogenates may be useful to assess qualitative changes in CORT levels when considerable differences are expected. Finally, we discuss our findings in the context of previous studies on CORT in amphibians [Current Zoology 61 （5）： 835-845, 2015].

关键词： Corticosterone Radioimmunoassay Enzyme immunoassay Glucocorticoids Amphibians Stress