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Functional-trait ecology of the plateau pika Ochotona curzoniae in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau ecosystem

Integrative Zoology 2019年第1期14卷 87-103页

作者： Andrew T.SMITH BADINGQIUYING maxwell C.WILSON Brigitte W.HOGAN School of Life Sciences Arizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA School of Geographical Sciences Qinghai Normal UniversityXiningChina

Understanding a species’functional traits allows for a directed and productive perspective on the role a species plays in nature,and thus its relative importance to conservation *** functionaltrait ecology of the plateau pika Ochotona curzoniae is examined to better understand the resilience and sustainability of the high alpine grasslands of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP).The key functional traits of plateau pikas are their abundance and behavior of digging extensive burrow *** pikas have been poisoned over a significant part of their original geographic distribution across the QTP,allowing comparison of ecological communities with and without *** all mammalian and avian carnivores,most of which are obligate predators on pikas,have been lost in regions where pikas have been *** endemic birds on the QTP nest in pika burrows;when pikas are poisoned,burrows collapse,and these birds are greatly reduced in *** to the biopedturbation resulting from their burrows,regional plant species richness is higher in areas with pikas than *** presence of pika burrows allows higher rates of infiltration during heavy monsoon rains compared to poisoned areas,possibly mitigating runoff and the potential for serious downslope erosion and ***,the functional traits of plateau pikas enhance native biodiversity and other important ecosystem functions;these traits are *** plateau pikas are not natural colonizers,active reintroduction programs are needed to restore pikas to areas from which they have been poisoned to restore the important functional ecological traits of pikas.

关键词： ecosystem engineer functional-trait ecology keystone species Ochotona curzoniae re-introduction

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Antihyperglycemic effects of the methanol leaf extract of Diaphananthe bidens in normoglycemic and streptozotocin—induced hyperglycemic rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第3期5卷 192-196页

作者： Anaga Aruh Ottah Onuoha Augustine Igboeli Okechukwu Obiora Ezeja maxwell Department of Veterinary Physiology and pharmacology University of Nigeria NsukkaEnugu StateNigeria Department of Veterinary Physiology Pharmacology and BiochemistryMichael Okpara University of AgricultureUmudikeAbia StateNigeria

Objective:To evaluate the methanol leaf extract of Diaphonathe bidem(***)(AFZEL EX SW) SCHLTR for antihyperglycemic activity in order to confirm it antidiabetic ***: *** was extracted by cold maceration for 48 h and concentrated in vacuo to yield *** extract(DBE).Hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal administration of slreplozotocin (75 mg/kg).Oral glucose tolerance test was done with 2 g/kg glucose load in normal *** (150.300 and 600 mg/kg) was administered orally,while tolbutamide(100 mg/kg.p.o.) was used as the standard reference *** glucose levels determined using ACCUCHEK glucose autoanalyzer. The acute toxicity and phytochemical studies were also carried ***:DBF. (600 mg/kg) and tolbutamide(100 mg/kg) significantly(P<0.05,0.005) reduced blood glucose levels of rats between 120 and 480 nun post administration in normal *** the streptozotoeininduced hyperglycemic rats,DBE(150.300.600 mg/kg) caused significant(P<0.001)dose- and time- dependent reduction in the blood glucose levels by 1.7%.22.8%and 43.4%,respectively at 480 min compared to the negative control ***(600 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose level of rats by 1.2%in the oral glucose tolerance test when compared with the normal saline treated *** acute toxicity test showed that DBE was safe at the doses used and the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins,steroids,tannins and ***:D. bidens extract possess antihyperglycemic activity which may be mediated through pancreatic and extra-pancreatic pathways,thereby justifying it folkloric use.

关键词： Diaphananthe bidens Streptozotocin Tolbutamide Normoglycaemic Hyperglycemic

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On the horizon:Hedgehog signaling to heal broken bones

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Bone Research 2022年第1期10卷 20-30页

作者： Stephanie T.Kuwahara Shuwan Liu Andrew Chareunsouk maxwell Serowoky Francesca V.Mariani University of Southern California Keck School of MedicineDepartment of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineLos AngelesCA 90033USA

Uncovering the molecular pathways that drive skeletal repair has been an ongoing challenge. Initial efforts have relied on in vitro assays to identify the key signaling pathways that drive cartilage and bone differentiation. While these assays can provide some clues, assessing specific pathways in animal models is critical. Furthermore, definitive proof that a pathway is required for skeletal repair is best provided using genetic tests. Stimulating the Hh(Hedgehog) pathway can promote cartilage and bone differentiation in cell culture assays. In addition, the application of HH protein or various pathway agonists in vivo has a positive influence on bone healing. Until recently, however, genetic proof that the Hh pathway is involved in bone repair has been lacking. Here, we consider both in vitro and in vivo studies that examine the role of Hh in repair and discuss some of the challenges inherent in their interpretation. We also identify needed areas of study considering a new appreciation for the role of cartilage during repair, the variety of cell types that may have differing roles in repair, and the recent availability of powerful lineage tracing techniques. We are optimistic that emerging genetic tools will make it possible to precisely define when and in which cells promoting Hh signaling can best promote skeletal repair, and thus, the clinical potential for targeting the Hh pathway can be realized.

关键词： healing Hedgehog horizon

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Posterior tibial nerve stimulation for fecal incontinence:Where are we?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第48期19卷 9139-9145页

作者： Anil Thomas George Rudra Krishna Maitra Charles maxwell-Armstrong Colorectal Surgery St Mark’s Hospital London HA1 3UJ United Kingdom Colorectal Surgery Queen’s Medical Center University Hospital Nottingham NG7 2UH United Kingdom

Neurostimulation remains the mainstay of treatment for patients with faecal incontinence who fails to respond to available conservative *** nerve stimulation(SNS)is the main form of neurostimulation that is in use *** tibial nerve stimulation(PTNS)-both the percutaneous and the transcutaneous routes-remains a relatively new entry in *** in its infancy,PTNS holds promise to be an effective,patient friendly,safe and cheap ***,presently PTNS only appears to have a minor role with SNS having the limelight in treating patients with faecal *** seems to have arisen as the strong,uniform and evidence based data on SNS remains to have been unchallenged yet by the weak,disjointed and unsupported evidence for both percutaneous and transcutaneous *** use of PTNS is slowly gaining ***,several questions remain unanswered in the delivery of *** have raised dilemmas which as long as they remain unsolved can considerably weaken the argument that PTNS could offer a viable alternative to *** paper reviews available information on PTNS and focuses on these dilemmas in the light of existing evidence.

关键词： Posterior tibial nerve stimulation Percutaneous Transcutaneous Faecal incontinence Efficacy of treatment Neurostimulation

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A mechanochemical two for one:Mechanical activation of norborn-2-en-7-one releases carbon monoxide and switches on aggregation-induced emission

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Aggregate 2022年第2期3卷 1-2页

作者： Ross W.Barber maxwell J.Robb Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA

Mechanical forces are typically considered to be destructive in polymeric materials,leading to degradation via nonspecific chain ***,the emergence of the mechanophore hypothesis has enabled the design of polymers that... 详细信息

关键词： mechanophore polymer mechanochemistry molecular release

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Lip print enhancement: review

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第1期7卷 24-28页

作者： maxwell Abedi Constance Afoakwah Dan Nana Osei Mensah Bonsu Institute of Forensic Science Gujarat Forensic Sciences UniversityGandhinagarGujaratIndia Department of Forensic Sciences University of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana

Lip print(LP)evidence can be an essential tool for human *** have conventionally been developed using substances such as lysochrome dyes,fluorescent dyes,indigo dye,aluminium powder,and silver metallic ***,techniques for LP enhancement from various substrates are currently inconsistent and lack standardisation in *** review summarises current knowledge on the physical and chemical techniques of LP enhancement,identifies limitations,and provides suggestions for future research on practical applications of cheiloscopy as a forensic tool in criminal justice.

关键词： Forensic sciences cheiloscopy lip print lysochrome fluorescent dye persistent lipstick

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Portable comprehensive two-dimensional microgas chromatography using an integrated flowrestricted pneumatic modulator

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第6期8卷 61-72页

作者： Xiaheng Huang maxwell Wei-hao Li Wenzhe Zang Xiaolu Huang Anjali Devi Sivakumar Ruchi Sharma Xudong Fan Department of Biomedical Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Center for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems(WIMS2) University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and InnovationUniversity of Michigan Ann ArborMI 48109USA

Two-dimensional(2D)gas chromatography(GC)provides enhanced vapor separation capabilities in contrast to conventional one-dimensional GC and is useful for the analysis of highly complex chemical *** developed a microfabricated flow-restricted pneumatic modulator(FRPM)for portable comprehensive 2D micro-GC(μGC),which enables rapid ^(2)D injection and separation without compromising the ^(1)D separation speed and eluent peak profiles.^(2)D injection characteristics such as injection peak width and peak height were fully characterized by using flow-through micro-photoionization detectors(μPIDs)at the FRPM inlet and outlet.A ^(2)D injection peak width of~25 ms could be achieved with a ^(2)D/^(1)D flow rate ratio over *** FRPM was further integrated with a 0.5-m long ^(2)D μcolumn on the same chip,and its performance was ***,we developed an automated portable comprehensive 2D μGC consisting of a 10m OV-11D μcolumn,an integrated FRPM with a built-in 0.5m polyethylene glycol ^(2)D μcolumn,and two μ*** separation of 40 volatile organic compounds in~5 min was demonstrated.A hybrid 2D contour plot was constructed by using both ^(1)D and ^(2)D chromatograms obtained with the two μPIDs at the end of the ^(1)D and ^(2)D μcolumns,which was enabled by the presence of the flow resistor in the FRPM.

关键词： flow restricted comprehensive

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Experimental study on the effect of micro-carbon additives in vegetable oils for aquifer thermal energy storage

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Clean Energy 2024年第2期8卷 48-59页

作者： Takashi Suzuki Mitsuhisa Ichiyanagi Emir Yilmaz Archie G.K.maxwell Ekadewi Anggraini Handoyo Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences Sophia University7-1Kioi-choChiyoda-kuTokyo102-8554Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Sophia University7-1Kioi-choChiyoda-kuTokyo102-8554Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Petra Christian UniversitySiwalankerto 121-131Surabaya 60291Indonesia

Aquifer thermal energy storage is a versatile method for regulating building temperatures,utilizing groundwater as a medium for both summer cooling and winter *** has high thermal conductivity and specific heat but is corrosive,creating a mineral build-up that causes ***,its high freezing point presents operational *** oils emerge as a promising alternative,owing to their lower freezing *** light of environmental concerns,researchers are exploring vegetable oils as substitutes for petroleum-derived mineral *** paper is intended as an initial study using vegetable oils,*** and sunflower oil,as the heat-transfer medium in aquifer thermal energy *** experiments assess the heat-transfer coefficient of coconut,sunflower,mineral,and synthetic oils when exposed to the same heat *** study also evaluates the impact of introducing micro-carbon(graphite and charcoal)to the *** indicate that sunflower oil has the highest heat-transfer coefficient of 374.4 W/m^(2) K among the oils,making it suitable for aquifer thermal energy storage ***,augmenting sunflower oil with charcoal powder enhances its performance by increasing the heat-transfer coefficient to 474.9 W/m^(2) K,or a 27%*** contrast,coconut oil proves unsuitable for aquifer thermal energy storage deployment because of its low heat-transfer coefficient of 293.7 W/m^(2) *** heat-transfer coefficient of synthetic oil increases with graphite powder but decreases with charcoal powder introduction.

关键词： sunflower oil aquifer thermal energy storage charcoal graphite vegetable oil

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Microbial community structure across grazing treatments and environmental gradients in the Serengeti

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Soil Ecology Letters 2022年第1期4卷 45-56页

作者： Bo maxwell Stevens Derek Lee Sonderegger Nancy Collins Johnson School of Earth and Sustainability Northern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZ 86011USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Northern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZ 86001USA Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZ 86011USA

As one of the last remaining naturally grazed ecosystems on Earth,the Serengeti National Park is an ideal location to study the influence of migratory mammals on the structure of microbial communities and the factors that generate biogeography of soil ***,volcanic inputs generate environmental gradients that may also structure microbial *** studied 16S rRNA amplicons in a 13-year herbivore removal experiment to examine the influence of grazing and environmental gradients on the natural distribution of soil *** of mammalian herbivores shifted microbial community structure,with 31 taxa that were significant indicator taxa of the ungrazed treatment and three taxa that were indicators of the grazed *** abundance of many taxa were correlated with soil texture,phosphorus,iron,calcium and rainfall,and the evenness of taxa within samples was also correlated with these *** general linear mixed effects models with single predictors of multiple,highly correlated variables of beta diversity were consistent with a significant,but weak(2%),effect of grazing,and stronger effects of phosphorus(14%).Beta diversity of microbial communities was greater in grazed than in ungrazed plots;suggesting that the impacts of grazing on community assembly of microbes results from deterministic environmental filtering caused by the influence of herbivores on plant communities and soil properties rather than stochastic dispersal via herds of large *** herbivore effects are superimposed on deterministic environmental filtering by natural soil and precipitation gradients across the Serengeti.

关键词： Soil bacteria Community ecology Grazing Serengeti National Park Soil texture Phosphorus

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瞬变电磁法中两种关断电流对响应函数的影响及其应对策略

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地震地质 2001年第2期23卷 245-251页

作者：白登海 maxwell Meju 中国地震局地质研究所北京100029 Department of Geology

关断时间是影响瞬变电磁资料处理和解释质量的一个重要因素 ,也是衡量TEM仪器性能的一个关键参数。提出了一种直接数值校正方案 ,并通过对线性和指数关断电流的校正描述了该方案的实施过程。根据文中提出的方案 ,只要仪器记录了一次场... 详细信息

关断时间是影响瞬变电磁资料处理和解释质量的一个重要因素 ,也是衡量TEM仪器性能的一个关键参数。提出了一种直接数值校正方案 ,并通过对线性和指数关断电流的校正描述了该方案的实施过程。根据文中提出的方案 ,只要仪器记录了一次场的衰减曲线 ,就可以进行较为精确的校正 ,并不必要假设线性衰减或指数衰减 ,这一结论无论是对TEM的仪器设计还是数据处理都具有重要意义。

关键词：关断时间关断电流线性衰减指数衰减瞬变电磁法电磁资料处理

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