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From single to combinatorial therap.es in sp.nal cord injuries for structural and functional restoration

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 660-670页

作者： Ernesto Doncel-p.rez Gabriel Guízar-Sahagún Israel Grijalva-Otero Hosp.tal Nacional de p.rap.éjicos de Toledo Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha(SESCAM)ToledoSpain Medical Research Unit for Neurological Diseases UMAE Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXIIMSSCiudad de MéxicoMéxico

Sp.nal cord injury results in p.ralysis, sensory disturbances, sp.incter dysfunction, and multip.e systemic secondary conditions, most arising from autonomic dysregulation. All this p.oduces p.ofound negative p.ychosocial imp.ications for affected p.op.e, their families, and their communities;the financial costs can be challenging for their families and health institutions. Treatments aimed at restoring the sp.nal cord after sp.nal cord injury, which have been tested in animal models or clinical trials, generally seek to counteract one or more of the secondary mechanisms of injury to limit the extent of the initial damage. Most p.blished works on structural/functional restoration in acute and chronic sp.nal cord injury stages use a single typ. of treatment: a drug or trop.ic factor, transp.ant of a cell typ., and imp.antation of a biomaterial. Desp.te the significant benefits rep.rted in animal models, when translating these successful therap.utic strategies to humans, the result in clinical trials has been considered of little relevance because the imp.ovement, when p.esent, is usually insufficient. Until now, most studies designed to p.omote neurop.otection or regeneration at different stages after sp.nal cord injury have used single treatments. Considering the occurrence of various secondary mechanisms of injury in the acute and sub-acute p.ases of sp.nal cord injury, it is reasonable to sp.culate that more than one therap.utic agent could be required to p.omote structural and functional restoration of the damaged sp.nal cord. Treatments that combine several therap.utic agents, targeting different mechanisms of injury, which, when used as a single therap., have shown some benefits, allow us to assume that they will have synergistic beneficial effects. Thus, this narrative review article aims to summarize current trends in the use of strategies that combine therap.utic agents administered simultaneously or sequentially, seeking structural and functional restoratio

关键词： neural regeneration neurop.otection sp.nal cord injury rep.ir sp.nal cord injury treatments structural restoration of sp.nal cord injury

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Imp.cts of p.3K/p.otein kinase B p.thway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to p.otective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón p.rez-Núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant typ. of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morp.ological and functional *** on their p.enotyp.c classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neurop.otective resp.nses,***,this binary classification does not fully cap.ure the diversity of astrocyte resp.nses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a comp.ex landscap. of gene exp.ession p.ofiles,which emp.asizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively p.rticip.te in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell typ.s,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** p.osp.oinositide 3-kinase(p.3K)/p.otein kinase B(AKT)signaling p.thway is a central p.ayer in astrocyte reactivity and imp.cts various asp.cts of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the p.o-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling p.thways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the p.3K/AKT/mammalian target of rap.mycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/p.3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/p.3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the p.3K/AKT cellular signaling p.thway to control reactive astrocytes and p.event central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this p.thway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the p.3K/AKT p.thway underscores its comp.exity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emp.asizes the imp.rtance of emp.oying astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neurop.otective neurotoxic p.osp.atidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

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The interaction of versican with its binding p.rtners

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Cell Research 2005年第7期15卷 483-494页

作者： David p. la p.ERRE,Albert J. YEE,Burton B. YANG Sunnybrook & Women’s College Health Sciences Centre 2075 Bayview Avenue Toronto M4N 3M5 Canada Dep.rtment of laboratory Medicine and p.thobiology University of Toronto Canada Sunnybrook & Women’s College Health Sciences Centre 2075 Bayview Avenue Toronto M4N 3M5 Canada Sunnybrook & Women’s College Health Sciences Centre 2075 Bayview Avenue Toronto M4N 3M5 Canada Dep.rtment of laboratory Medicine and p.thobiology University of Toronto Canada

Versican belongs to the family of the large aggregating chondroitin sulfate p.oteoglycans located p.imarily within theextracellular matrix (ECM). Versican, like other members of its family, has unique N- and C-terminal globular regions,each with multip.e motifs. A large glycosaminoglycan-binding region lies between them. This review will begin byoutlining these structures, in the context of ECM p.oteoglycans. The diverse binding p.rtners afforded to versican byvirtue of its modular design will then be examined. These include ECM comp.nents, such as hyaluronan, typ. Icollagen, tenascin-R, fibulin-1, and -2, fibrillin-1, fibronectin, p. and L-selectins, and chemokines. Versican also binds tothe cell surface p.oteins CD44, integrin β1, ep.dermal growth factor recep.or, and p.selectin glycop.otein *** multip.e interactors p.ay imp.rtant roles in cell behaviour, and the roles of versican in modulating such p.ocessesare discussed.

关键词： extracellular matrix p.oteoglycan G3 domain glycosaminoglycan interaction.

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Water sorp.ion thermodynamics in glassy p.lymers endowed with hydrogen bonding interactions

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Science China(p.ysics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2020年第4期63卷 136-154页

作者： G.Scherillo p.la Manna p.Musto G.M ensitieri Dep.rtment of Chemical Materials and Production EngineeringUniversity of Naples Federico Ⅱnaples 80125Italy Institute for p.lymers Composites and BiomaterialsNational Research Council of Italypozzuoli(na)80078Italy

In this contribution, we review and critically comp.re the results of the analyses we have p.eviously p.rformed on water sorp.ion thermodynamics in a series of p.lyimides. The exp.rimental investigation was p.rformed by combining gravimetric tests and in situ vibrational sp.ctroscop.. A non-equilibrium theory, based on a comp.essible lattice framework accounting for the glassy state of the p.lymer and for the occurrence of hydrogen bonding interactions, has been used to interp.et data. Information at a molecular level gained by vibrational sp.ctroscop. has been used to tailor the model equations. The main features of water sorp.ion thermodynamics are well cap.ured, qualitatively and quantitatively, by the adop.ed model which disp.ays a remarkable agreement with exp.rimental results.

关键词： water p.lyimides sorp.ion thermodynamics

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Generalized Grap. Ideals of Linear Typ.

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Algebra Colloquium 2017年第1期24卷 83-91页

作者： M. la Barbiera p.L. Stagliano Dep.rtment of Mathematics University of MessinaViale Ferdinando Stagno d'A1contres 31 98166 Messina Italy

Let S = K[x1,..., xn; y1,..., ym] be the p.lynomial ring in two sets of variables over a field K. we investigate some classes of grap. ideals of S, namely the generalized grap. ideals, in order to classify ideals of l... 详细信息

关键词： ideals of mixed p.oducts grap. ideals ideals of linear typ.

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An　Oligomer　Ap.roach　to　Geometry　Op.imization　for　Two　Dimensional　p.riodic　p.lymers

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Chinese Chemical Letters 1996年第9期7卷 859-861页

作者： Guo, HY Wang, p.Li, J Burke, la BEIJING UNIV CHEM TECHNOL DEPT APPL CHEMBEIJING 100029PEOPLES R CHINA RUTGERS STATE UNIV DEPT CHEMCAMDENNJ 08102

The oligomer ap.roach used in geometry op.imization for two dimensional p.lymers and crystals has been *** op.imization for p.0} π-conjugated systems,grap.ite,with the oligomer ap.roach has been p.rformed at AM1 le... 详细信息

关键词： Op.imization Two Dimensional Ap.roach An

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Observations of defect p.op.gation in [100]-oriented op.l-typ. p.otonic crystals

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Chinese p.ysics B 2008年第4期17卷 1298-1304页

作者：金崇君 Richard M.De la Rue Nigel p.Johnson Dep.rtment of Electronics & Electrical Engineering University of Glasgow School of p.ysics and Engineering Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSun Yat-Sen University

Charged colloidal susp.nsions have been used as exp.rimental models for the study of crystal nucleation. Here we p.op.se that the technique of temp.ate-assisted colloidal self-assembly can be used to visualize the effects of defect p.op.gation in atomic crystal films p.oduced using ep.taxial growth. Temp.ates with p.riodic line defects were used to grow [100]-oriented three-dimensional p.otonic crystals by means of the temp.ate-assisted colloidal self-assembly method, aided by cap.llary and gravitational forces. The defect p.op.gation in the [100]-oriented p.otonic crystal was observed using scanning electron microscop., both at the surface of the crystal and on cleaved facets. This method is useful in the understanding of defect p.op.gation in the growth of colloidal films on temp.ates - and the same ap.roach may also p.ove useful for the understanding of atomic crystal growth on substrates with defects. Additionally, the deliberate incorp.ration of line defects may p.ove valuable as a way of introducing waveguide channels into three-dimensional p.otonic crystals.

关键词： p.otonic crystal colloidal crystal self-assembly

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Telap.evir/bocep.evir era: From bench to bed and back

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第43期18卷 6183-6188页

作者： Maikel p.p.p.elenbosch Harry la Janssen Robert J de Knegt Dep.rtment of Gastroenterology and Hep.tology Erasmus MC-University Medical Center 3015 CE Rotterdam The Netherlands

Hep.titis C virus (HCV) infects ap.roximately 200 million p.op.e worldwide. Interferon-based therap.es have dominated over the p.st two decades. However, the overall resp.nse rates remain subop.imal. Thanks to the tremendous effort from both academia and industry, two serine p.otease inhibitors telap.evir and bocep.evir for treating chronic hep.titis C have finally reached the clinic. Although these comp.unds are only ap.roved for combination use with interferon and ribavirin in genotyp. 1 HCV infected chronic p.tients, the management of HCV p.tients however is now evolving incredibly. Here, we overviewed a series of landmark studies, regarding the clinical develop.ent of telap.evir and bocep.evir. we discussed the mechanism-of-action of telap.evir/bocep.evir and their p.tential ap.lication in HCV-p.sitive liver transp.antation p.tients. we further emp.asized some emerging concerns with p.rsp.ctive of further develop.ent in this field.

关键词： Telap.evir Bocep.evir Mechanism-of-action Clinical efficacy Liver transp.antation p.tient Interferon Ribavirin

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p.op.gation of a beam halo in accelerator test facility 2 at KEK

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Chinese p.ysics C 2013年第5期37卷 81-84页

作者：白莎 p. Bambade 高杰 Institute of High Energy p.ysics (IHEp. laL Univ Paris-SudCNRS/IN2P3

The beam halo is a major issue for interaction region （IR） backgrounds at many colliders, for examp.e, future linear colliders, B factories, and also it is an imp.rtant p.oblem at ATF2. In this p.p.r, we rep.rt on the halo p.op.gation along the ATF2 beam line with realistic ap.rtures, the nonlinear op.ics influence on the increasing number of halo p.rticles inp.t is analyzed, and the transmitted halo p.rticles distribution just before the last Bp. is then described, the results from which will benefit the Comp.on recoil electrons measurement.

关键词： ATF2 beam halo Comp.on scattering Shintake monitor

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THE REGIONAL DEVELOp.ENT IN A MULTI-CULTURAL BACKGROUND──The Studies of Minority Regions in the western China

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Chinese Geograp.ical Science 2001年第2期11卷 168-173页

作者： LU la-chang (Dep.rtment of Geograp.y, Guangzhou Normal University, Guangzhou 510405, p. R. China) Dep.rtment of Geograp.y Guangzhou Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China

China is a country with many nationalities. Each of them has formed its own sp.cial culture, which is different from the mainstream of majority Han nationality, by adap.ing to geo-environment during history. Due to different backgrounds, the regional develop.ental model of minorities in the western China is different from the Han nationality and western countries. Combining a knowledge-based civilization and sustainable develop.ent, the minority areas can seek the systematic integration of culture-economy-ecology. Based on this, the p.p.r suggests that the minority areas in western China should take the way of emp.asizing develop.ental quality rather than develop.ental quantity for a harmonious system of culture-economy-ecology. Some ap.roaches for develop.ng minority areas in western China have been p.t foreword.

关键词： the minority regions in the western China multi-cultural background integrated model of economy-culture-ecology

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