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A mathematical model to assess the impact of testing and isolation compliance on the transmission of COVID-19

Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第2期8卷 427-444页

作者： Shasha Gao pant Binod Chidozie Williams Chukwu Theophilus Kwofie Salman Safdar Lora Newman Seoyun Choe Bimal Kumar Datta Wisdom Kwame Attipoe Wenjing Zhang p.van den driessche School of Mathematics and Statistics Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang330000JiangxiChina Department of Mathematics University of FloridaGainesville32611FLUSA Department of Mathematics University of MarylandCollege Park20742MDUSA Department of Mathematics Wake Forest UniversityWinston-Salem27109NCUSA School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Arizona State UniversityTempe85287AZUSA Department of Mathematical Sciences University of CincinnatiCincinnati45221OHUSA Department of Mathematics University of Central FloridaOrlando32816FLUSA Department of Mathematical Sciences Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca Raton33431FLUSA Department of Mathematics Clarkson UniversityPotsdam13699NYUSA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Texas Tech UniversityLubbock79409TXUSA Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of VictoriaVictoriaV8W 2Y2B.CCanada

The COVID-19 pandemic has ravaged global health and national economies worldwide.Testing and isolation are effective control strategies to mitigate the transmission of COVID-19,especially in the early stage of the disease outbreak.In this paper,we develop a deterministic model to investigate the impact of testing and compliance with isolation on the transmission of COVID-19.We derive the control reproduction number R_(C),which gives the threshold for disease elimination or prevalence.Using data from New York State in the early stage of the disease outbreak,we estimate R_(C)=7:989.Both elasticity and sensitivity analyses show that testing and compliance with isolation are significant in reducing R_(C) and disease prevalence.Simulation reveals that only high testing volume combined with a large proportion of individuals complying with isolation have great impact on mitigating the transmission.The testing starting date is also crucial:the earlier testing is implemented,the more impact it has on reducing the infection.The results obtained here would also be helpful in developing guidelines of early control strategies for pandemics similar to COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 Testing Compliance Isolation New York state

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Clean air captures attention whereas pollution distracts:evidence from brain activities

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 5-15页

作者： Jianxun Yang Yunqi Liu Berry van den Berg Susie Wang Lele Chen Miaomiao Liu Jun Bi State Key Laboratory of pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Nanjing Foreign Language School Nanjing 210008China Department of Experimental psychology University of GroningenGrote Kruisstraat 2/19712 TSGroningenThe Netherlands Department of Social psychology University of GroningenGrote Kruisstraat 2/19712 TSGroningenThe Netherlands School of Education Science Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China

Awareness of the adverse impact of air pollution on attention-related performance such as learning and driving is rapidly growing.However,there is still little known about the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms.Using an adapted dot-probe task paradigm and event-related potential(ERp)technique,we investigated how visual stimuli of air pollution influence the attentional allocation process.participants were required to make responses to the onset of a target presented at the left or right visual field.The probable location of the target was forewarned by a cue(pollution or clean air images),appearing at either the target location(attention-holding trials)or the opposite location(attention-shifting trials).Behavioral measures showed that when cued by pollution images,subjects had higher response accuracy in attention-shifting trials.ERp analysis results revealed that after the cue onset,pollution images evoked lower N300 amplitudes,indicating less attentioncapturing effects of dirty air.After the target onset,pollution cues were correlated with the higher p300 amplitudes in attention-holding trials but lower amplitudes in attention-shifting trials.It indicates that after visual exposure to air pollution,people need more neurocognitive resources to maintain attention but less effort to shift attention away.The findings provide the first neuroscientific evidence for the distracting effect of air pollution.We conclude with several practical implications and suggest the ERp technique as a promising tool to understand human responses to environmental stressors.

关键词： Air pollution Attention Disengagement performance Event-related potential

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Supramolecular polymerization of Hydrogen-Bonded Trimers in Bulk and Aqueous Medium

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第6期6卷 1458-1465页

作者： Freek V.de Graaf Stef A.H.Jansen Sandra M.C.Schoenmakers Bas van Genabeek Marle E.J.Vleugels Bart W.L.van den Bersselaar E.W.Meijer Ghislaine vantomme Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic ChemistryEindhoven University of Technology5600 MBEindhoven School of Chemistry and RNA Institute University of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales 2052

Synthetic molecules that form functional noncovalent assemblies in water have received much attention for their potential applications as biomaterials.In this work,we introduce a novel water-compatible monomer based on the phthalhydrazide moiety that assembles into hydrogen-bonded trimeric discs.In bulk,the material exhibits a cylindrical nanostructure in the liquid-crystalline phase at elevated temperatures,morphologically distinct from the crystalline lamellar phase.In water,these molecules effectively form cylinders in a one-dimensional fashion,yielding fibrous structures.The formation of these supramolecular polymers follows a cooperative mechanism,as evidenced by denaturation studies.The trimerized pattern represents a new category of aqueous su pramolecular polymers with future prospects for functional complex molecular systems.

关键词： noncovalent chemistry supramolecular polymers hydrogen bonding cooperativity nanostructure

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Qualifying the suitability of living donor livers for pediatric liver transplantation:are we doing the right thing?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第3期12卷 462-464页

作者： Henkjan J.Verkade Frans C.J.Cuperus Aad p.van den Berg Division of pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of PediatricsUniversity of GroningenBeatrix Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands

Over the last decades,liver transplantation has become the standard care for many forms of end-stage liver disease,both in adults and in children.The prognosis after pediatric liver transplantation(pLT)has steadily increased up to a patient survival at 5 years of 85%and an estimated graft half life of 31 years(1,2).In the early days of pLT,the transplanted organ originated from deceased donors.Since 1990,adult-to-child living donor liver transplantation(LDLT)programs have developed,which rapidly gained popularity,particularly in Europe and Asia(2,3).A major stimulus for LDLT has been the limited availability of deceased donors.The indications for liver transplantation have expanded,particularly for adult patients,at a higher rate than the availability of donor organs.Moreover,the quality of donor organs has steadily declined,resulting in a decreased utilization of livers from deceased donors for transplantation(4).The limited availability of qualified deceased donor livers has further stimulated LDLT:in Europe,for example,the percentage of living donor organs used for pLT increased from 7%before 2000 to 40%since 2010(1).

关键词： Steatosis graft survival pediatric liver transplantation(pLT) patient survival

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Calcineurin Inhibitors in the Treatment of Adult Autoimmune Hepatitis:A Systematic Review

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第6期10卷 1155-1166页

作者： Martine AMC Baven-pronk Joffre M.Hew,Jr Maaike Biewenga Maarten E.Tushuizen Aad p.van den Berg Gerd Bouma Johannes T.Brouwer Bart van Hoek 无 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Groene Hart HospitalGoudaNetherlands Department of Gastroenterolo-gy and Hepatology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Medical Center GroningenGroningenNetherlands Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Amsterdam University Medical Center Location VUAmsterdamNetherlands Reinier de Graaf Medical Center Delft DelftNetherlands Dutch Autoimmune Hepatitis Study Group

Background and Aims:A considerable number of au-toimmune hepatitis(AIH)patients completely or partially fail on first-line treatment.Several studies on the use of calcineurin inhibitors(CNIs)in the treatment of AIH have been published without focusing on indication.The aim was to assess the efficacy of CNIs in the treatment of adult AIH patients,specifically focusing on indication:first-line intolerant and with first-line insufficient response(failure to achieve or maintain remission),and with second versus third-line treatment.Methods:A literature search included studies on the use of CNIs in adult AIH.patients with past or present use of CNIs from the Dutch AIH group cohort were added.The primary endpoint was biochemical remission while using CNIs.Secondary endpoints were biochemical response,treatment failure,and adverse effects.Results:Twenty studies from the literature and nine Dutch patients were included describing the use of cyclosporine in 59 and tacrolimus in 219 adult AIH patients.The CNI remission rate was 53%in patients with insufficient response to first-line treatment and 67%in patients intolerant to first-line treat-ment.CNIs were used as second-line treatment in 73%with a remission rate of 52%and as third-line treatment in 22%with a remission rate of 26%.Cyclosporine was discontin-ued in 13%and tacrolimus in 11%of patients because of adverse events.Conclusions:CNIs as rescue treatment in adult AIH patients are reasonably effective and safe both with insufficient response or intolerance to previous treat-ment.prospective studies are needed.

关键词： Autoimmune hepatitis Cyclosporine Tacrolimus Calcineurin inhibi-tor

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Cholesterol and Sericin as First Aid for Damaged Cells

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第4期12卷 79-88页

作者： denız Aksoy Doga Naz Turan Zeki Berkay Bayraktar Basak College Anatolian High School Aydin Turkey Bornova Anatolian High School Bornova Turkey Izmir Science High School Izmir Turkey

Cells are surrounded by a double-layered phospholipid cell membrane responsible for the isolation of intracellular contents, active regulation of uptake from the extracellular environment, and intercellular connection and communication. These cell membranes must be intact and functionally active for cell survival and biological functioning. Compromised damage repair mechanisms usually result in impaired cellular homeostasis, leading to early or late problems. Chronic myopathies, certain myocardial diseases, aging, and acute or chronic neurodegenerative diseases (like parkinson and Alzheimer) are directly related to cell membrane damage. This study examined the effect of a cholesterol-loaded nanoparticle (methyl-beta cyclodextrin) or the silk protein sericin on cell membrane and DNA integrity and cell viability in an in vitro cell damage model (frozen-thawed rabbit sperm cells). The cells were stored in liquid nitrogen (-196°C), thawed in small batches, and treated with cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin or sericin before incubation at 35°C for 4 hours. Cell membrane integrity, DNA damage, and viability rates were assessed immediately after thawing and after the incubation period. The administration of sericin and cholesterol in a cell damage model increased cell survival and reduced DNA damage over a 4-hour post-thaw incubation period, suggesting their potential use as a “first aid” intervention at the cellular level.

关键词： Cell Membrane DNA Survival Damage Cholesterol Sericin Spermatozoa

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Reproduction numbers of infectious disease models

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2017年第3期2卷 288-303页

作者： pauline van den driessche Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of VictoriaVictoriaBCV8W 2Y2Canada

This primer article focuses on the basic reproduction number,ℛ0,for infectious diseases,and other reproduction numbers related toℛ0 that are useful in guiding control strategies.Beginning with a simple population model,the concept is developed for a threshold value ofℛ0 determining whether or not the disease dies out.The next generation matrix method of calculatingℛ0 in a compartmental model is described and illustrated.To address control strategies,type and target reproduction numbers are defined,as well as sensitivity and elasticity indices.These theoretical ideas are then applied to models that are formulated for West Nile virus in birds(a vector-borne disease),cholera in humans(a disease with two transmission pathways),anthrax in animals(a disease that can be spread by dead carcasses and spores),and Zika in humans(spread by mosquitoes and sexual contacts).Some parameter values from literature data are used to illustrate the results.Finally,references for other ways to calculateℛ0 are given.These are useful for more complicated models that,for example,take account of variations in environmental fluctuation or stochasticity.

关键词： Basic reproduction number Disease control West Nile virus Cholera Anthrax Zika virus

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The reproductive biology of a Central American cichlid Neetroplus nematopus in Lake Xiloá ,Nicaragua

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 43-51页

作者： Kenneth R.McKAYE Jeremy HALE Eric p.van den BERGHE World Wide Fund for Nature Finland Universidad de Centroamericana Department of Mathematics Science and Technology Ave Maria University Latin American Campus

This study was conducted to provide a five-year database on the breeding seasonality and breeding biology of a CentralAmerican cichlid fish Neetroplus nematopus, a biparental substratum-spawning cichlid that cares for its eggs, wrigglers, andfry for up to six weeks. A total of 503 breeding pairs were monitored for breeding success. Breeding pairs of N. nematopus aresexually dimorphic in size, with females averaging 39% of male body mass. Fry emerged from 85% of nesting cavities. Afterthree weeks, only 30% of the broods were present in the nesting cavity; these broods had a 30% survival rate, giving a 9% overallsurvival rate. Nineteen percent of the successful parents with three-week-old broods adopted foreign fry. A consistent unimodalbreeding peak in December was observed for five years. This breeding peak differed dramatically from the bimodal breedingseason 20 years found in the 1970s. The effects of extensive grenade fishing practices during the 1980s might have played a substantialrole in the observed change. Grenade fishing stopped in 1991, and the number of A. nematopus pairs increased by 136%from 1990 to 1995. With increased density of breeding fish, the breeding season for this species also expanded. The balance betweendivergent selection due to competition for breeding sites and stabilizing selection due to predation pressure on offspring islikely to mold the breeding season for N. nematopus and other cichlids of Lake Xiloá. We suggest that brood adoption and synchronyof breeding is a strategy to reduce predation on the parent's own

关键词：生殖生物学尼加拉瓜丽鱼科中美洲

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Systematic study of cluster radioactivity within the generalized liquid drop model

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Chinese physics C 2024年第6期48卷 118-129页

作者：邓军刚程俊皓包小军张鸿飞 College of Science China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China Center for Astronomy and Space Sciences China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China Department of physics National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Department of physics Collaborative Innovation Center for Quantum Effectsand Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of EducationHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China School of physics Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China

Cluster radioactivity is studied within the generalized liquid drop model(GLDM),in which the shell correction energy,pairing energy,and cluster preformation factor are considered.The calculations show significant improvements and can reproduce the experimental data within a factor of 8.04 after considering these physical effects.In addition,the systematic trend of the cluster preformation factors is discussed in terms of the N_(p)N_(n)scheme to study the influence of the valence proton-neutron interaction and shell effect on cluster radioactivity.It is found that log10pcis linearly related to N_(p)N_(n).This is in agreement with a recent study[L.Qi et al.,phys.Rev.C 108,014325(2023)],in which log10pc,obtained using different theoretical models and treatment methods than those used in this study,also had a linear relationship with N_(p)N_(n).Combined with the work by Qi et al.,this study suggests that the linear relationship between log10pcand N_(p)N_(n)is model-independent and both the shell effect and valence proton-neutron interaction play essential roles in cluster radioactivity.An analytical formula is proposed to calculate the cluster preformation factor based on the N_(p)N_(n)scheme.In addition,the cluster preformation factors and the cluster radioactivity half-lives of some heavy nuclei are predicted,which can provide a reference for future experiments.

关键词： cluster radioactivity cluster preformation factor shell effect generalized liquid drop model

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Staying home or leaving for a party:tissue-dependent choices of tissue-resident memory T cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第6期19卷 651-652页

作者： Klaas p.J.M.van Gisbergen Joke M.M.den Haan Department of Hematopoiesis Sanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of Amsterdam1066CXAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam Institute for Infection and ImmunityAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands

CD8+T cells differentiate into different types of memory T cells after priming in the lymphoid organs.Central memory T cells selectively express lymph node homing markers and recirculate between the blood and the secondary lymphoid organs.Effector memory T cells lack lymph node homing capacity,mainly circulate in the blood,and may enter peripheral tissues.The third subset consists of tissue-resident memory T(Trm)cells that express CD69 and adhesion molecules such as CD11a,CD103,and CD49a that prevent tissue egress.

关键词： organs lymphoid CD69

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