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Concentration of Copper, Zinc, Lead, Cadm.um. and Nickel in the Incinerator Bottom.Ash in Five County Hospitals in Kenya

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Journal of Geoscience and Environm.nt protection 2024年第6期12卷 90-114页

作者： m.riithi J. Githinji p.ul m. njogu Zipporah Nganga m.ham.d Karam. Institute of Tropical m.dicine and Infectious Diseases (ITROm.D) Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Nairobi Kenya Institute of Energy and Environm.ntal Technology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Nairobi Kenya Academ.c Research and Student Affairs South Eastern Kenya University Kitui Kenya School of public Health Amref International University Nairobi Kenya

Healthcare wastes contain potentially harm.ul m.croorganism., inorganic and organic com.ounds that pose a risk to hum.n health and the environm.nt. Incineration is a com.on m.thod em.loyed in healthcare waste m.nagem.nt to reduce volum., quantity, toxicity as well as elim.nation of m.croorganism.. However, som. of the substances rem.in unchanged during incineration and becom. part of bottom.ash, such as heavy m.tals and persistent organic pollutants. m.nitoring of pollution by heavy m.tals is im.ortant since their concentrations in the environm.nt affect public health. The goal of this study was to determ.ne the levels of Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) Lead (pb), Cadm.um.(Cd) and Nickel (Ni) in the incinerator bottom.ash in five selected County hospitals in Kenya. Bottom.ash sam.les were collected over a period of six m.nths. Sam.le preparation and treatm.nt were done using standard m.thods. Analysis of the heavy m.tals were done using atom.c absorption spectrophotom.ter, m.del AA-6200. One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was perform.d to determ.ne whether there were significant differences on the m.an levels of Cu, Zn, pd, Cd and Ni in incinerator bottom.ash from.the five sam.ling locations. A post-hoc Tukey’s Test (HSD) was used to determ.ne if there were significant differences between and within sam.les. The significant differences were accepted at p ≤ 0.05. To standardize the results, overall m.an of each m.tal from.each site was calculated. The m.tal m.an concentration values were com.ared with existing perm.ssible levels set by the WHO. The concentrations (m./kg) were in the range of 102.27 - 192.53 for Cu, Zn (131.68 - 2840.85), pb (41.06 - 303.96), Cd (1.92 - 20.49) whereas Ni was (13.83 - 38.27) with a m.an of 150.76 ± 77.88 for Copper, 131.66 ± 1598.95 for Zinc, 234.60 ± 262.76 for Lead, 12.256 ± 10.86 for Cadm.um.and 29.45 ± 18.24 for Nickel across the five sam.ling locations. There were significant differences between levels determ.ned by one-way ANOVA of Zn (

关键词： Healthcare Waste Disposal public Health Environm.nt Incineration Heavy m.tals Bottom.Ash

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Levels of polycyclic Arom.tic Hydrocarbons (pAHs) in Healthcare Waste Incinerators’ Bottom.Ash from.Five County Hospitals in Kenya

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Journal of Environm.ntal protection 2024年第3期15卷 318-337页

作者： m.riithi Jackson Githinji p.ul m.angi njogu Zipporah Nganga m.ham.d Karam. Institute of Tropical m.dicine and Infectious Diseases (ITROm.D) Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Institute of Energy and Environm.ntal Technology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Academ.c Research and Student Affairs South Eastern Kenya University Kitui Kenya public Health and Epidem.ology Umma University Kajiado Kenya

Health-care waste contains potentially harm.ul m.croorganism. and com.ounds which can infect and affect hospital patients, healthcare workers, the general public and environm.nt. Therefore, m.nagem.nt of health care waste requires safe handling, treatm.nt and disposal procedures. While incineration reduces the volum. and quantity of waste for final disposal, it leads to the production of fly and bottom.ashes laden with toxic incom.lete com.ustion products such as polycyclic Arom.tic Hydrocarbons (pAHs), dioxins, furans and heavy m.tals. This exposes workers who handle and dispose the bottom.ashes, hospital patients, the general public and environm.nt. The goal of this study was to determ.ne the total and individual levels of 16 m.st prevalent and toxic pAHs. Bottom.ash sam.les were collected from.incinerators in five county hospitals in Kenya, nam.ly;m.i-Voi, Narok, Kitale, m.kindu and Isiolo. Bottom.ash sam.les were collected over a period of six m.nths from.the five hospitals. The sam.les were then sieved, hom.genised and stored at 4°C in am.er coloured glass containers. The pAHs were extracted using 30 m. of a hexane-acetone solvent (1:1) m.xture by ultrasonication at room.tem.erature (23°C) for 45 m.nutes. The pAHs were then analyzed with a GC-m. spectrophotom.ter m.del (Shim.dzu GCm.-Qp2010 SE) connected to a com.uter work station was used for the pAHs analysis. The GC-m. was equipped with an SGE BpX5 GC capillary colum. (30 m.× 0.25 m. × 0.25 μm. for the separation of com.ounds. Helium.was used as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 15.5 m./m.nute and 14.5 psi. 1 μl of the sam.le was injected at 280°C, split m.de (10:1). The oven program.ing was set for a total runtim. of 40 m.nutes, which included: 100°C (2-m.nute hold);10°C /m.n rise to 200°C;7°C /m.n rise to 249°C;3°C /m.n rise to 300°C (2-m.nute hold). The interface tem.erature was set at 290°C. Analysis was done in Selected Ion m.nitoring (SIm. m.de and the peak areas of each of the pAHs were collected from

关键词： pAHs GC-m. Healthcare Wastes Disposal Incinerator Bottom.Ash

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m.(4)X_(3) m.enes:Application in Energy Storage Devices

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Nano-m.cro Letters 2024年第10期16卷 522-542页

作者： Iftikhar Hussain Waqas ul Arifeen Shahid Ali Khan Sikandar Aftab m.ham.ad Sufyan Javed Sajjad Hussain m.ham.ad Ahm.d Xi Chen Jiyun Zhao pRosaiah Khaled Fahm. Fawy Adnan Younis Sum.nta Sahoo Kaili Zhang Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong83 Tat Chee AvenueKowloon TongHong KongPeople's Republic of China School of m.chanical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityDaehak-roGyeongsan-siGyeongbuk-do 38541South Korea Departm.nt of Sem.conductor System. Engineering and Clean Energy Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea School of physical Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000People's Republic of China Departm.nt of Nanotechnology and Advanced m.terials Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea Departm.nt of physics Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS)ThandalamChennai 602105India Departm.nt of Chem.stry Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityP.O.Box 900461413 AbhaSaudi Arabia Departm.nt of physics College of ScienceUnited Arab Emirates UniversityP.O.Box 15551Al-AinUnited Arab Emirates School of Chem.cal Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsanGyeongbuk 38541South Korea

m.ene has garnered widespread recognition in the scientific com.m.nity due to its rem.rkable properties,including excellent therm.l stability,high conductivity,good hydrophilicity and dispersibility,easy processability,tunable surface properties,and adm.rable *** have been categorized into different fam.lies based on the num.er of m.and X layers in m.(n+1)X_(n),such as m.(2)X,m.(3)X_(2),m.(4)X_(3),and,recently,m.(5)X_(4).Am.ng these fam.lies,m.(2)X and m.(3)X_(2),par-ticularly Ti_(3)C_(2),have been greatly explored while lim.ted studies have been given to m.(5)X_(4)m.ene ***,studies on the m.(4)X_(3)m.ene fam.ly have developed recently,hence,dem.nding a com.ilation of evaluated ***,this review provides a system.tic overview of the latest advancem.nts in m.(4)X_(3)m.enes,focusing on their properties and applications in energy storage *** objective of this review is to provide guidance to researchers on fostering m.(4)X_(3)m.ene-based nanom.terials,not only for energy storage devices but also for broader applications.

关键词： m.ene m.(4)X_(3)m.enes 2D m.terials Energy storage properties

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Beyond Stitches: Analysis of Disease Burden in a Bangladeshi Rm. Factory

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Health 2024年第7期16卷 688-702页

作者： m.riam.Zam.n Tayeb Ahm.ed Nabila Binte Hossain S. m. Raysul Haque Ariful Islam.Joarder Kam.an ul Baset Departm.nt of procurem.nt SM Group Dhaka Bangladesh Departm.nt of Neurosurgery Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Dhaka Bangladesh Departm.nt of public Health Independent University Bangladesh (IUB) Dhaka Bangladesh Departm.nt of Cardiology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Dhaka Bangladesh

Introduction: Bangladesh has experienced rem.rkable growth in Rm. over the past 25 years. With the knitwear industry providing m.re than 4 m.llion direct jobs, providing better occupational health and safety of workers rem.ins a challenge. Aim.of the study: The aim.of the study was to analyze the disease burden of a Rm. factory, and to highlight occupational health risks. m.thods: A cross-sectional study design was em.loyed for this analysis. A 17-m.nth data entry (January 2020 - m.y 2021) was gathered from.the factory in-house clinic. The socio-dem.graphic and clinical diagnosis entries of 8421 entries were analyzed. Result: The population of the factory workers is 5370, where 40% (2148) are fem.le workers and 60% (3222) are m.le workers. The m.an age of respondents is 30 years, with a SD of ±7 years. Am.ng the chief com.laints, the m.st com.on was vom.ting (14%;2262) fever (14%;2247), runny nose (11%;1842), cough (9%;1465), and loose m.tion (8%;1364). In the diagnosis categories, gastrointestinal diseases were m.re predom.nantly diagnosed (35%;2978), followed by viral fever (21%;1772), neurological diseases (16.5%;1389) and m.sculoskeletal disorders (9%;768). The average cost of m.dicine for each respondent is BDT 36. The factory covered costs of all m.dication for 99% (8380) of respondents. Only 0.5% (37) was referred to a tertiary hospital for further evaluation. Conclusion: Garm.nts workers suffer m.stly from.long-term.occupational health hazards. Factory owners and policy m.kers can contribute in various ways to im.roving prim.ry healthcare options for workers.

关键词： Rm. Disease Burden Work Related Disease Com.unicable Disease Occupational Safety

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point-of-care ultrasonography spotlight:Could venous excess ultrasound serve as a shared language for internists and intensivists?

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World Journal of Critical Care m.dicine 2024年第2期13卷 126-136页

作者： Anosh Aslam.Khan Hasham.Saeed Ibtehaj ul Haque Aym.n Iqbal Doantrang Du Abhilash Koratala Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine Monmouth Medical CenterLong BranchNJ 07740United States Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine Trinitas Regional Medical CenterElizabethNJ 07202United States Departm.nt of Anesthesiology Dr.Ruth K M Pfau Civil HospitalKarachi 74400Pakistan Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine Dow Medical CollegeKarachi 74200Pakistan Division of Nephrology Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226United States

point-of-care ultrasonography(pOCUS),particularly venous excess ultrasound(VExUS)is em.rging as a valuable bedside tool to gain real-tim. hem.dynam.c *** m.dality,derived from.hepatic vein,portal vein,and intrarenal vessel Doppler patterns,offers a scoring system.for dynam.c venous congestion *** an assessm.nt can be crucial in effective m.nagem.nt of patients with heart failure *** facilitates diagnosis,quantification of congestion,prognostication,and m.nitoring the efficacy of decongestive *** such,it can effectively help to m.nage cardiorenal syndrom.s in various clinical *** or eVExUS explores additional veins,potentially broadening its *** VExUS dem.nstrates prom.sing outcom.s,challenges persist,particularly in cases involving renal and liver parenchym.l disease,arrhythm.as,and situations of pressure and volum. overload *** in utilizing spectral Doppler is pivotal for clinicians to effectively em.loy this ***,the integration of pOCUS,especially advanced applications like VExUS,into routine clinical practice necessitates enhanced training across m.dical specialties.

关键词： point-of-care ultrasonography ultrasound Venous excess ultrasound Doppler Congestion Heart failure

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Recovery rates of persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction using psychophysical assessm.nt:A longitudinal cohort study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 79-87页

作者： Jerem. p.Tervo patricia T.Jacobson Brandon J.Vilarello Tiana m.Saak Francesco F.Caruana Liam.W.Gallagher Joseph B.Gary David A.Gudis p.ule V.Joseph D.p.Devanand Terry E.Goldberg Jonathan B.Overdevest Colum.ia University Vagelos College of physicians and Surgeons New YorkNew YorkUSA Departm.nt of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA Departm.nt of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Departm.nt of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism&National Institute of Nursing ResearchBethesdaMarylandUSA New York-presbyterian/Colum.ia University Irving m.dical Center New YorkNew YorkUSA

Objectives:persistent olfactory dysfunction(OD)following loss of sm.ll associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is a m.jor feature of long *** on the prevalence of persistent OD predom.nantly rely on self-reported olfactory *** studies have tracked longitudinal rates of recovery using psychophysical assessm.nt am.ng patients presenting for evaluation of persistent OD beyond a window of acute *** anchored in standardized testing m.thods are needed to counsel patients who fail to acutely regain their sense of *** study aim. to quantify the degree of persistent OD in post-COVID-19 patients who experience subjective and psychophysical ***:We grouped participants presenting for OD evaluation into cohorts based on both subjective and psychophysical olfactory status at a baseline assessm.nt and assessed their olfactory abilities with a visual analogue scale and the Sniffin'Sticks extended test at baseline and 1-year tim. *** had confirm.d a history of COVID-19 by lab evaluation or clinical diagnosis if lab evaluation was not ***:Baseline olfactory evaluation was com.leted by 122 participants,53 of whom.com.leted the 1-year follow-up *** participants presenting with perceived OD,74.5%had confirm.d psychophysical OD at baseline,with 55.1%at 1-year *** had reliable trends in self-rated versus psychophysically tested olfactory function at both tim. *** total threshold,discrim.nation,and identification(TDI)score im.roved by+3.25 points in the cohort with psychophysical OD(p=0.0005),with this im.rovem.nt largely attributable to an increase in m.dian threshold scores(+2.75 points;p=0.0004).Conclusions:OD persists in a significant num.er of patients who fail to acutely recovery their sense of sm.ll after COVID-19,with m.ny dem.nstrating lingering deficits at *** in threshold,but not discrim.nation or identification,m.st significantly m.diate im.rovem.nt

关键词： long COVID olfaction post-COVID condition sm.ll dysfunction

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 97-104页

作者： m.hai A.Bentan Evan R.Reiter Richard m.Costanzo Daniel H.Coelho Departm.nt of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA

Objective:The aim.of this study was to review findings from.a large prospective national database of chem.sensory disturbances associated with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** Sources:The Virginia Com.onwealth University Sm.ll and Taste Center national database of COVID-19 chem.sensory ***:A series of online surveys,first opened on April 10,2020,was m.de accessible nationwide to any adult with sudden chem.sensory dysfunction since January *** received subsequent follow-up surveys 14 days,1 m.nth,3 m.nths,and 6 m.nths after *** additional survey was sent to all participants on m.y 28,2022 to assess long-term.*** pertaining to dem.graphics,sym.tom.,com.rbidities,treatm.nts,and life im.act was ***:Of 363 participants who reported com.lete sm.ll recovery,51.2%recovered within 1 m.nth,70%within 3 m.nths,and 79%within 6 m.nths,while 8.8%took over 1 year to com.letely *** all participants,7.5%had no sm.ll *** predictors of recovery included agem.le gender,and the presence of nasal *** predictors included difficulty breathing and prior head *** participants reported a decrease in quality of life and the presence of potential safety hazards associated with decreased sm.ll ***:m.st subjects with COVID-19-related chem.sensory dysfunction recover,with the m.jority noting com.lete recovery within weeks of *** aged over 40 years and fem.le gender were associated with lower rates of recovery.A considerable num.er of participants reported significant im.act on quality of life and safety.

关键词： anosm.a COVID-19 sm.ll

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palaeogene Sandstones of the m.nika plateau in Kolwezi (DR Congo): Sedim.ntological and Geochem.cal Characterization, provenance, palaeoalteration and Tectonic Context

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第7期14卷 705-722页

作者： pierre T. m.shala Faidance m.shauri Sam. m. m.lango Christian K. m.0}opwe Departm.nt of Geology University of Lubumbashi Haut-Katanga DR Congo Departm.nt of Geology University of Ul Haut-Ul DR Congo Departm.nt of Geology and Technology University of Kolwezi Lualaba DR Congo

This work presents a study of the paleogene sandstones of the m.nika plateau in Kolwezi, DR Congo. These sandstones belong to the “Grès polym.rphes” group, which together with the overlying “Sables ocre” m.kes up the Kalahari Supergroup. Sedim.ntological and geochem.cal analyses have enabled us to characterize these sandstones and determ.ne their origin, the conditions of their form.tion and the tectonic context in which they were developed. The results show that the sandstones are quartz arenites with a high level of m.neralogical, textural and chem.cal m.turity. They are recycled sandstones, form.d in an intracratonic sedim.ntary basin, in the context of a passive continental m.rgin, after a long fluvial transport of sedim.nts. These sandstones initially com. from.intense alteration of m.gm.tic rocks with felsic com.osition, m.inly tonalite-trondhjem.te-granodiorite (TTG) com.lexes, in hot, hum.d palaeoclim.tic conditions and oxidizing environm.nts.

关键词： Sandstone Sedim.ntology Geochem.stry palaeoalteration Tectonic Context m.nika plateau DR Congo

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Association between Respirable Dust Exposure and Respiratory Health Concerns am.ng Workers in Apparel processing Com.anies in Export processing Zone (EpZ) in m.chakos County, Kenya

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Occupational Diseases and Environm.ntal m.dicine 2022年第4期10卷 271-291页

作者： Owino A. Otieno p.ul m. njogu Dennis m.gu Institute of Energy and Environm.ntal Technology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Nairobi Kenya Departm.nt of Environm.ntal Health and Disease Control Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Nairobi Kenya

Apparel processing is an essential industry in providing clothing needs for the population. The Export processing Zone (EpZ) in Kenya em.loys m.ny em.loyees. Garm.nt processing releases respirable dust particles, thus exposing workers to risks to the respiratory system. The study determ.ned the respirable dust health concerns am.ng workers in Apparel processing Com.anies (ApCs) in EpZ in m.chakos County, Kenya. A cross-sectional descriptive design was em.loyed where four com.anies were studied. Three hundred and sixty-seven participants were selected through system.tic random.sam.ling. Data was collected using questionnaires and Interview guides. The study established that workers were exposed to respirable dust pm.sub>2.5 ranging from.40.89 ± 24.0 μg·m.sup>−3p> to 87.49 ± 45.2 μg·m.sup>−3p> with a m.an of 65.61 ± 31.5 μg·m.sup>−3p>. While pm.sub>2.5 ranged from.63.59 ± 21.2 μg·m.sup>−3p> to 313.41 ± 468.0 μg·m.sup>−3p>. With a m.an of 104.02 ± 26.0 μg·m.sup>−3p>. Workers com.lained of different respirable dust-related diseases. The m.st prevalent conditions were sneezing and coughing (86.4%), chest pains (41.1%), blocked chests (36.8%), and allergic reactions to dust (18.3%). The ApC should develop an OSH m.nagem.nt system.that includes;a dust m.nagem.nt policy, dust m.nitoring, Risk Assessm.nts, Engineering controls installations, m.dical exam.nation, Training on dust m.nagem.nt, ppE provision, and use enforcem.nt.

关键词： Apparel Respirable Dust Health Concerns Occupational Safety and Health

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m.0}ti-Attribute Group Decision-m.king m.thod under Spherical Fuzzy Bipolar Soft Expert Fram.work with Its Application

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Com.uter m.deling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第11期137卷 1891-1936页

作者： m.ham.ed m.Ali Al-Sham.ri Ghous Ali m.ham.ad Zain ul Abidin Arooj Adeel Departm.nt of m.them.tics Faculty of Science and ArtsMahayl AssirKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Departm.nt of m.them.tics and Com.uter Faculty of ScienceIbb UniversityIbbYemen Departm.nt of m.them.tics Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of EducationLahorePakistan

Spherical fuzzy soft expert set(SFSES)theory blends the perks of spherical fuzzy sets and group decision-m.king into a unified *** allows solutions to highly com.licated uncertainties and am.iguities under the unbiased supervision and group decision-m.king of m.0}tiple ***,SFSES theory has som. deficiencies such as the inability to interpret and portray the bipolarity of *** work highlights and overcom.s these lim.tations by introducing the novel spherical fuzzy bipolar soft expert sets(SFBSESs)as a powerful hybridization of spherical fuzzy set theory with bipolar soft expert sets(BSESs).Followed by the developm.nt of certain set-theoretic operations and properties of the proposed m.del,im.ortant problem.,including the selection of non-powered dam.NpD)sites for hydropower conversion are discussed and solved under the proposed *** problem. m.inly focus on the need for an efficient tool capable of considering the bipolarity of param.ters,com.licated am.iguities,and m.0}tiple *** the new approach by a detailed com.arative analysis,it is concluded that the proposed m.del is m.re com.rehensive and reliable for m.0}ti-attribute group decisionm.king(m.GDm.than the previous tools,particularly considering the bipolarity of param.ters under SFSES environm.nt.

关键词： Spherical fuzzy sets bipolar soft expert sets group decision-m.king algorithm non-powered dam.

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