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Biochar applications influence soil physical and chemical properties,microbial diversity,and crop productivity:a meta-analysis

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 1055-1071页

作者： Hardeep Singh Brian K.northup Charles W.Rice p.V.Vara prasad Department of Agronomy Kansas State University2002 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center1712 Claflin RoadManhattanKS 66506USA United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Grazinglands Research LaboratoryEl-RenoOK 73036USA

Biochar is a widely known soil *** we synthesize the available information on influence of biochar application on different soil properties and crop productivity using *** data on influence of biochar applications on different soil physical,chemical,microbial properties,and crop productivity were extracted from literature and statistically *** on selection criteria,59 studies from the literature published between 2012 and 2021 were selected for the *** were developed between effect size of biochar application on different soil properties and crop *** of biochar increased soil pH,cation exchange capacity,and organic carbon by 46%,20%,and 27%,respectively,with greater effects in coarse and fine-textured *** on chemical properties were variable among biochar prepared from different *** physical properties,biochar application reduced bulk densities by 29%and increased porosity by 59%.Biochar prepared at higher pyrolytic temperatures(>500℃)improved bulk density and porosity to greater extents(31%and 66%,respectively).Biochar prepared at lower pyrolytic temperatures(greater effect on microbial diversity(both bacterial and fungal),with more diverse bacterial populations in medium and coarse textured soils,while fungal diversity increased in fine textured *** applications increased crop productivity only in fine and coarse textured *** effect size of biochar application on crop productivity was correlated with responses to physical properties of *** meta-analysis highlighted the need to conduct long-term field experiments to provide better explanations for changes in biochar properties as it undergoes aging,its longer-term effects on soil properties,and timing of re-application of different biochars.

关键词： Biochar Crop productivity Microbial diversity Soil physical properties Soil chemical properties

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Advanced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis: A high-risk population for pre-liver transplant portal vein thrombosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第3期9卷 139-146页

作者： Jonathan g Stine Curtis K Argo Shawn J pelletier Daniel g Maluf Stephen H Caldwell p.trick g northup Division of gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Center for the Study of Coagulation Disorders in Liver Disease University of Virginia Division of Transplant Department of Surgery University of Virginia

AIMTo examine if liver transplant recipients with high-risk non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are at increased risk for pre-transplant portal venous thrombosis. METHODSData on all liver transplants in the United States from February 2002 through September 2014 were analyzed. Recipients were sorted into three distinct groups: High-risk (age > 60, body mass index > 30 kg/mp>2p>, hypertension and diabetes), low-risk and non-NASH cirrhosis. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed. RESULTSThirty-five thousand and seventy-two candidates underwent liver transplantation and of those organ recipients, 465 were transplanted for high-risk and 2775 for low-risk NASH. Two thousand six hundred and twenty-six (7.5%) recipients had pre-transplant portal vein thrombosis; 66 (14.2%) of the high-risk NASH group had portal vein thrombosis vs 328 (11.8%) of the low-risk NASH group. In general, all NASH recipients were less likely to be male or African American and more likely to be obese. In adjusted multivariable regression analyses, high-risk recipients had the greatest risk of pre-transplant portal vein thrombosis with OR = 2.11 (95%CI: 1.60-2.76, p CONCLUSIONLiver transplant candidates with high-risk NASH are at the greatest risk for portal vein thrombosis development prior to transplantation. These candidates may benefit from interventions to decrease their likelihood of clot formation and resultant downstream hepatic decompensating events. prospective study is needed.

关键词： Liver transplantation Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease portal hypertension Hepatology Coagulopathy

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Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis prevalence in pretransplant patients and its effect on survival and graft loss post-transplant

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第36期8卷 1617-1622页

作者： Neeral L Shah Nicolas M Intagliata Zachary H Henry Curtis K Argo p.trick g northup Division of gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine University of Virginia

AIM To investigate the incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBp) in pre-transplant patients and its effect on post transplant mortality and graft failure. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patient records from the organ procurement and transplant network data set. patients were identified by the presence of SBp pre-transplant. Univariate post-transplant survival models were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier technique and multivariate models were constructed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Variables that affected post-transplant graft survival were identified in the SBp population. RESULTS Forty-seven thousand eight hundred and eighty patient records were included in the analysis for both groups, and 1966(4.11%) patients were identified in the data set as having pre-transplant SBp. patients that had pre-transplant SBp had higher rates of graft loss from recurrent hepatitis C virus(HCV)(3.6% vs 2.0%, p g to graft loss(1.9% vs 1.3%, p = 0.02), primary non-function(4.3% vs 3.0%, p p = 0.04). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a statistically significant difference in all-cause survival in patients with a history of SBp vs those without(p pretransplant history of SBp was independently predictiveof mortality due to recurrent HCV(HR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.02-1.21, p patients prior to the advent of directing acting anti-viral agents had a higher incidence of pre-transplant SBp than other patients on the liver transplant wait list. SBp history pre-transplant resulted in a higher rate of graft loss due to recurrent HCV infection and chronic rejection.

关键词： Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Liver transplant graft failure Hepatitis C

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Triggering Body Dissatisfaction： The Role of Familiarity on Subsequent Evaluations of the Self

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Journalism and Mass Communication 2012年第1期2卷 294-303页

作者： Temple northup University of Houston USA

past research examining the content of media programming has demonstrated that women in the media tend to have to conform to certain beauty and body standards in order to succeed. Because this thin ideal is so weU-documented, there has been an interest in examining the effects of those portrayals on media consumers. Results from experimental studies suggest that the media can play an important role in causing body dissatisfaction among women. This research looks to build upon prior studies by exploring the role of familiarity with the mediated image in causing body dissatisfaction. Results suggest that in line with prior research, unfamiliar images of skinny women and moderately overweight women influenced women so that they felt worse about themselves. A similar result was obtained with familiar images of skinny celebrities. Familiar images of overweight celebrities, though, did not cause body dissatisfaction. Implications from these results are discussed.

关键词： body dissatisfaction priming self discrepancy theory

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Opioid use and misuse in ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and Therapeutics 2019年第1期10卷 22-28页

作者： Maithili V Chitnavis Merwise Baray p.trick g northup Anne g Tuskey Brian W Behm Division of gastroenterology and Hepatology Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine University of Virginia School of Medicine Division of gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Virginia School of Medicine

BACKgROUND patients with ulcerative colitis(UC) may be exposed to opioids over their disease duration. The use of such medications carries significant risk, including intestinal dysmotility and potential for addiction. However, the rates of narcotic use and misuse in patients with UC have not been studied extensively. Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FgID) are prevalent in patients with UC, and have been shown to increase the risk of narcotic use and misuse in patients with Crohn's disease. We hypothesized that patients with UC and a concurrent diagnosis of FgID would have increased rates of both opioid use and misuse in our patient *** To evaluate the prevalence of chronic opioid use and misuse in *** A retrospective chart review of UC patients seen at the University of Virginia Digestive Health Center was performed on all patients evaluated between 2006 and 2011. patient demographics, medical, surgical, and medication histories were obtained from the electronic medical record. Concomitant diagnosis of FgID was also noted at the time. The electronic prescription monitoring program was accessed to obtain prescription opioid filling histories. prescription opioid misuse was defined as opioid prescriptions filled from four or more prescribers and four or more different pharmacies in a 12-mo *** A total of 497 patients with UC were included. patients with UC and FgID were more likely to be female, but no other demographic variables were associated with FgID. Of the UC patients who had FgID, a greater proportion were found to be using opioids chronically(36% with FgID vs 9% without FgID, p g prescription opioids(12.8% vs 1.3%, p gistic regression demonstrated a significant association with FgID and chronic opioid use(OR = 4.50; 95%CI: 1.91-10.59) and opioid misuse(OR = 5.19; 95%CI1.04-25.76). Tobacco use(OR 2.53; 95%CI: 1.06-6.08) and anxiety(OR 3.17; 95%CI:1.08-9.26) were other variables as

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Chronic opioid use Opioid misuse Narcotic Functional gastrointestinal disorder

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grasspea (<i>Lathyrus sativus</i>L.) as a green N Source Reduces the Effects of 2,4 D in Susceptible Cotton (<i>gossypium hirsutum</i>L.) Cultivars

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American Journal of plant Sciences 2021年第7期12卷 1023-1035页

作者： Travis W. Witt Brian K. northup James p. S. Neel grazinglands Research Laboratory USDA-ARS El Reno USA

Cotton (gossypium hirsutum L.) production in Oklahoma has more than tripled in the last ten years. This increase in cotton acreage in Oklahoma, a region that traditionally produces winter wheat, has led to increased i... 详细信息

Cotton (pan>Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in Oklahoma has more than tripled in the last ten years. This increase in cotton acreage in Oklahoma, a region that traditionally produces winter wheat, has led to increased incidences of 2,4 D contamination in sprayers that are used to spray cotton crops. Cotton is extremely sensitive to 2,4 D, with losses of yield and ultimately profit to the cotton producer in cases of drift or tank carryover. In this study, six cotton cultivars (three 2,4 D susceptible and three 2,4 D tolerant) were grown in combination pan>with four N treatments to determine the benefits or drawbacks of using a green manure as N source. Seedcotton, seed, and lint yield were all negatively impacted by 2,4 D in the susceptible cultivars. Additionally, water use was increased in the susceptible cultivars compared to the tolerant cultivars. The negative effects of 2,4 D on cotton growth were partially mitigated by grasspea, though the supply of too much nitrogen increased the negative effects of 2,4 D. Applying nitrogen to a susceptible cultivar of cotton contaminated by 2,4 D is not recommended for short season environments like Oklahomapan style="font-family:Verdana;">.

关键词： gpssypium Hirsutum 2 4 D green Manure

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portal vein thrombosis, mortality and hepatic decompensation in patients with cirrhosis: A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第27期7卷 2774-2780页

作者： Jonathan g Stine puja M Shah Scott L Cornella Sean R Rudnick Marwan S ghabril george J Stukenborg p.trick g northup Division of gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Virginia Department of Surgery University of Virginia Department of Medicine University of Virginia Division of gastroenterology and Hepatology Indiana University Department of public Health Science University of Virginia

AIM: To determine the clinical impact of portal vein thrombosis in terms of both mortality and hepatic decompensations(variceal hemorrhage, ascites, portosystemic encephalopathy) in adult patients with ***: We identified original articles reported through February 2015 in MEDLINE, Scopus, Science Citation Index, AMED, the Cochrane Library, and relevant examples available in the grey literature. Two independent reviewers screened all citations for inclusion criteria and extracted summary data. Random effects odds ratios were calculated to obtain aggregate estimates of effect size across included studies, with 95%***: A total of 226 citations were identified and reviewed, and 3 studies with 2436 participants were included in the meta-analysis of summary effect. patients with portal vein thrombosis had an increased risk of mortality(OR = 1.62, 95%CI: 1.11-2.36, p = 0.01). portal vein thrombosis was associated with an increased risk of ascites(OR = 2.52, 95%CI: 1.63-3.89, p pooled effect on other markers of decompensation including gastroesophageal variceal bleeding or hepatic encephalopathy. CONCLUSION: portal vein thrombosis appears to increase mortality and ascites, however, the relatively small number of included studies limits more generalizable conclusions. More trials with a direct comparison group are needed.

关键词： Hepatology Coagulopathy Liver Ascites Hepatic ence

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为奴十二年

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作者： (美)所罗门·诺萨普(Solomon northup)

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Mothbean: A potential Summer Crop for the Southern great plains

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American Journal of plant Sciences 2018年第7期9卷 1391-1402页

作者： gurjinder S. Baath Brian K. northup prasanna H. gowda Kenneth E. Turner Alex C. Rocateli Department of plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA grazinglands Research Laboratory USDA-ARS El Reno OK USA

Low nutritive value of available warm-season grasses during July through September limits the production of yearling stocker cattle in the southern great plains (Sgp). There has been a continual exploration of species with the capacity to provide high quality forage during summer. Mothbean (Vigna aconitifolia [Jacq.] Marechal), a short-duration, drought tolerant crop is a promising choice for the Sgp. This preliminary study evaluated the potential of mothbean as a summer crop for forage, grain or green manure. Results of this study with 10 mothbean lines from a range of geographic locations suggested that crop could be harvested 100 days after planting with dry biomass yield range of 7.3 - 18.1 Mg·ha-1. Mothbean forage contained 10.8% - 14.6% crude protein (Cp), 32.0% - 41.7% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 20.7% - 29.6% acid detergent fiber (ADF), and 73% - 84% in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) at maturity. grain yield of the 10 mothbean lines varied from 91 to 1040 kg·ha-1. The 10 tested lines generated a high amount of nitrogen (N) rich biomass at maturity with total accumulated N of 163 - 316 kg·ha-1 and a C:N ratio of 16:1 to 22:1. Overall, performance indicators suggested that mothbean has considerable potential as an alternative crop for production of forage, grain, or green manure when grown as summer crop in rotation with winter wheat. Future research should focus on evaluating mothbean within different crop settings to define its capacity as green manure or summer forage to support production of stocker cattle in the Sgp.

关键词： Forage Quality Forage Yield grain Legumes green Manure Drought Tolerance

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放牧日期和频率对草原砂芦、砂生须芒草的影响

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国外畜牧学（草原与牧草） 1998年第2期 28-32页

作者： p.trick E.Reece Joe E.Brummer Russell K.Engel Brian K.northup Jampes T.Nichols 万里强

为了定量描述放牧日期和频率对草原砂芦(Calamovilfa logifolia)和砂生须芒草(An-dropogon hallii)总有机物贮藏量的影响,从1988年起至1992年止进行了5年试验研究。处理包括8种月中放牧期。各处理季节放牧率相等,并均分于各个放牧期内... 详细信息

为了定量描述放牧日期和频率对草原砂芦(Calamovilfa logifolia)和砂生须芒草(An-dropogon hallii)总有机物贮藏量的影响,从1988年起至1992年止进行了5年试验研究。处理包括8种月中放牧期。各处理季节放牧率相等,并均分于各个放牧期内。在连续4年期间,各放牧处理均在相同草场饲喂一龄牛,且放牧时间均为4～7d。到第5年黄化初春生长产生分蘖技的平均重量可用来估测其有机质总贮备量。试验结果表明,当放牧率与本研究相同时,为避免6月份放牧导致这两种草贮备物的下降,就须使其放牧期延迟长达60d。另外,为使这两种草贮备物的量同时达到高水平,就须延迟放牧至8月中旬或更晚。

关键词：黄化生长放牧日期放牧频率短周期放牧轮牧

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