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Characterization and propagation of Historical and projected Droughts in the Umatilla River Basin, Oregon, USA

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 247-262,I0020-I0028页

作者： Sudip gautam Alok SAMANTARAY Meghna BABBAR-SEBENS Meenu RAMADAS School of Civil and Construction Engineering Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of Infrastructure Indian Institute of TechnologyBhubaneswarOdisha 752050India

Climate change is expected to have long-term impacts on drought and wildfire risks in Oregon as summers continue to become warmer and drier. This paper investigates the projected changes in drought characteristics and drought propagation in the Umatilla River Basin in northeastern Oregon for mid-century(2030–2059) and late-century(2070–2099) climate scenarios. Drought characteristics for projected climates were determined using downscaled CMIp5 climate datasets from ten climate models and Soil and Water Assessment Tool to simulate effects on hydrologic processes. Short-term(three months) drought characteristics(frequency, duration, and severity) were analyzed using four drought indices, including the Standardized precipitation Index(SpI-3), Standardized precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index(SpEI-3), Standardized Streamflow Index(SSI-3), and the Standardized Soil Moisture Index(SSMI-3). Results indicate that short-term meteorological droughts are projected to become more prevalent, with up to a 20% increase in the frequency of SpI-3drought events. Short-term hydrological droughts are projected to become more frequent(average increase of 11% in frequency of SSI-3 drought events), more severe, and longer in duration(average increase of 8% for short-term droughts).Similarly, short-term agricultural droughts are projected to become more frequent(average increase of 28% in frequency of SSMI-3 drought events) but slightly shorter in duration(average decrease of 4%) in the future. Historically, drought propagation time from meteorological to hydrological drought is shorter than from meteorological to agricultural drought in most sub-basins. For the projected climate scenarios, the decrease in drought propagation time will likely stress the timing and capacity of water supply in the basin for irrigation and other uses.

关键词： Umatilla drought SpI SpEI SSI SSMI

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Evaluation of Mechanical properties and Surface Quality of Wood from Bosnia and Herzegovina Exposed to Outdoor Conditions

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第8期12卷 1417-1431页

作者： Redžo Hasanagić UmejrŠljivo Leila Fathi p.llavi gautam Mohsen Bahmani Miha Humar Department of Wood Science and Technology Faculty of Technical EngineeringUniversity of BihaćBihać77000Bosnia and Herzegovina Department of Wood and Furniture Industry Engineering Faculty of Resources and Earth ScienceShahrekord UniversityShahrekord64165478Iran Department of Botany Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiUttar Pradesh221005India Biotechnical Faculty Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljana1501Slovenia

This study investigated the mechanical properties of beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)and fir(Abies alba)wood from Bosnia and Herzegovina under outdoor *** were exposed for 3-month exposure to assess bending strength,color changes,and surface *** showed outdoor exposure negatively affected mechanical properties,particularly in samples with extended finger joints,causing significant surface cracks in uncoated *** wood exhibited notable color changes under exposure,with approximately 50%darkening without coating compared to 25%under covered *** samples displayed minimal color changes,affirming the efficacy of surface *** wood exhibited a roughness of 8.264μm,while beechwood average roughness increased from 6.767 to 13.916μm after exposure,with micro-pore development affecting water *** analysis identified prevalent fungal colonies,including penicillium,Aureobasidium,Sclerophoma,and Chaetomium,underscoring their role in organic matter *** study highlights the importance of wood exposure and treatment selection for various applications.

关键词： Mechanical properties outdoor conditions cracks wood species

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A Review of Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries:Recent progress and Future perspectives

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第7期16卷 358-401页

作者： Ghazanfar Nazir Adeela Rehman Jong-Hoon Lee Choong-Hee Kim Jagadis gautam Kwang Heo Sajjad Hussain Muhammad Ikram Abeer AAlObaid Seul-Yi Lee Soo-Jin park Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering Hybrid Materials Research Center(HMC)Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University50 Yonsei-RoSeodaemun-GuSeoul 03722Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Inha UniversityIncheon 22212Republic of Korea Solar Cell Applications Research Lab Department of PhysicsGovernment College University LahoreLahore 54000 PunjabPakistan Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 2455Riyadh 11451Saudi Arabia

Zinc-air batteries(ZABs)are gaining attention as an ideal option for various applications requiring high-capacity batteries,such as portable electronics,electric vehicles,and renewable energy *** offer advantages such as low environmental impact,enhanced safety compared to Li-ion batteries,and cost-effectiveness due to the abundance of ***,early research faced challenges due to parasitic reactions at the zinc anode and slow oxygen redox *** advancements in restructuring the anode,utilizing alternative electrolytes,and developing bifunctional oxygen catalysts have significantly improved *** have achieved battery reversibility over thousands of cycles,introduced new electrolytes,and achieved energy efficiency records surpassing 70%.Despite these achievements,there are challenges related to lower power density,shorter lifespan,and air electrode corrosion leading to performance *** review paper discusses different battery configurations,and reaction mechanisms for electrically and mechanically rechargeable ZABs,and proposes remedies to enhance overall battery *** paper also explores recent advancements,applications,and the future prospects of electrically/mechanically rechargeable ZABs.

关键词： Zinc-air batteries Energy storage Affordability Reversibility

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Clinical profile and outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma in primary Budd-Chiari syndrome

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 699-715页

作者： Ankit Agarwal Sagnik Biswas Shekhar Swaroop Arnav Aggarwal Ayush Agarwal gautam Jain Anshuman Elhence Arun Vaidya Amit Gupte Ravi Mohanka Ramesh Kumar Ashwani Kumar Mishra Shivanand Gamanagatti Shashi Bala paul Subrat Kumar Acharya Akash Shukla Shalimar Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029DelhiIndia Department of Gastroenterology Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and KEM HospitalMumbai 400012MaharashtraIndia Department of Gastroenterology Sir HN Reliance Foundation HospitalMumbai 400004India Department of Liver Transplant and HpB Sir HN Reliance Foundation HospitalMumbai 400004India Department of Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507India professor of Biostatistics National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre(NDDTC)All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029India Department of Radiodiagnosis All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029DelhiIndia

BACKGROUND There is scant literature on hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome(BCS).AIM To assess the magnitude,clinical characteristics,feasibility,and outcomes of treatment in *** A total of 904 BCS patients from New Delhi,India and 1140 from Mumbai,India were *** prevalence and incidence of HCC were determined,and among patients with BCS-HCC,the viability and outcomes of interventional therapy were *** In the New Delhi cohort of 35 BCS-HCC patients,18 had HCC at index presentation(prevalence 1.99%),and 17 developed HCC over a follow-up of 4601 person-years,[incidence 0.36(0.22-0.57)per 100 person-years].BCS-HCC patients were older when compared to patients with BCS alone(p=0.001)and had a higher proportion of inferior vena cava block,cirrhosis,and long-segment vascular *** median alpha-fetoprotein level was higher in patients with BCS-HCC at first presentation than those who developed HCC at follow-up(13029 ng/mL vs 500 ng/mL,p=0.01).Of the 35 BCS-HCC,26(74.3%)underwent radiological interventions for BCS,and 22(62.8%)patients underwent treatment for HCC[transarterial chemoembolization in 18(81.8%),oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor in 3(13.6%),and transarterial radioembolization in 1(4.5%)].The median survival among patients who underwent interventions for HCC compared with those who did not was 3.5 years vs 3.1 mo(p=0.0001).In contrast to the New Delhi cohort,the Mumbai cohort of BCS-HCC patients were predominantly males,presented with a more advanced HCC[Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer C and D],and 2 patients underwent liver *** HCC is not uncommon in patients with *** interventions and liver transplantation are feasible in select primary BCS-HCC patients and may improve outcomes.

关键词： Budd chiari syndrome Cancer Cirrhosis Thrombosis Liver Varices Transarterial chemoembolization Hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction

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N-Methylpyridinium tosylate catalyzed green and efficient synthesis of some novel 2,4-disubstituted thiazoles and 4-thiazolidinones

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2012年第11期23卷 1221-1224页

作者： Deepika gautam poonam gautam R.p.Chaudhary Department of Chemistry Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering&TechnologyLongowalSangrurPunjab 148106India

A convenient solvent less cyclocondensation from thiosemicarbazone of benzofuranone and chloroacetic acid using an ionic liquid, N-methylpyridinium tosylate for obtaining novel 4-thiazolidinones in excellent yields is reported. Also, the green expedient synthesis of new 2,4-disubstituted thiazoles under grinding condition from phenacyl bromides and thiosemicarbazide derivatives in quantitative yields is reported.

关键词： 4-Thiazolidinones Thiazoles Grinding Ionic liquid Cyclocondensation Thiosemicarbazones

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Estimation of above-ground biomass and carbon stock of an invasive woody shrub in the subtropical deciduous forests of Doon Valley,western Himalaya,India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第2期26卷 291-305页

作者： gautam Mandal S.p.Joshi Ecology Research Laboratory Department of BotanyDAV (PG) College Faculty of Science The Lawrence School

This study describes the different parameters used to derive the allometric equation for calculating the biomass of an invasive woody shrub Lantana camara *** the subtropical conditions of western *** identifies the most accurate and convenient method for biomass calculation by comparing destructive with nondestructive *** parameters were measured on a wide range of Lantana from different community levels for the non-destructive calculation of total aboveground *** explanatory variables were identified and measured such as basal diameter either as a single independent variable or in combination with plant *** other suitable combinations of available independent variables include crown length,crown width,crown area,crown volume and coverage of the *** the wide range of allometric equations used with different variables,the equation with D2 H as a variable was found to be the most suitable estimator of biomass calculation for ***,being the most disturbed area due to its high tourist activity round the year,showed maximum coverage（58.57 % ha-1）,highest biomass（13,559.60 kg ha-1） and carbon density（6,373.01 kg ha-1）of *** degree of Lantana’s invasiveness in subtropical conditions was also calculated on the basis of importance value index（IVI）.The maximum IVI（22.77）and mean coverage（26.8 % ha-1） was obtained from the areas near Jolly Grant airport,indicating that physically disturbed areas are more suitable for the growth of Lantana,which may significantly increase shrub *** importance of incorporating allometric equations in calculation of shrub biomass,and its role in atmospheric carbon assimilation has thus been highlighted through the findings of this study.

关键词： Above ground carbon pools Allometric regression equations Carbon density Importance value index(IVI) Shrub biomass

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pre-breakdown to stable phase and origin of multiple current pulses in argon dielectric barrier discharge

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plasma Science and Technology 2021年第12期23卷 83-94页

作者： Saurav gautam Gabriele MORRA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California MercedMercedCalifornia 95343United States of America Department of physics University of Louisiana at LafayetteLafayetteLouisiana 70503United States of America

We report on the results of numerical models of the(i)initial growth and(ii)steady state phases of atmospheric-pressure homogeneous dielectric barrier discharge in *** employ our new inhouse code called py DBD,which solves continuity equations for both particles and energy,shows exceptional stability,is accelerated by adaptive time stepping and is openly available to the scientific *** argon plasma is numerically challenging due to the lower speeds of more inertial ions compared to more commonly modeled neon and helium,but its common use for plasma jets in medicine makes its modeling *** DBD is here applied to modeling two setups:(i)the exponential growth from natural electron-ion seeds(onset phase)until saturation is reached and(ii)the multiple current pulses that naturally appear during the steady state *** find that the time required for the onset phase,when the plasma density grows from 10^(9)m^(-3)to 10^(17)m^(-3),varies from 80μs at 4.5 k V down to a fewμs above 6.5 k V,for voltage frequency f=80 k Hz and gap width d_(g)=0.9 *** the steady state,our model reproduces two previously observed features of the current in dielectric barrier discharge reactors:(1)an oscillatory behavior associated to the capacitative character of the circuit and(2)several(N_(p))current pulses occurring every half sinusoidal *** show that the oscillations are present during the exponential growth,while current pulses appear approaching the steady *** each micro-discharge,the gas voltage decreases abruptly and charged particles rapidly accumulate at the dielectric boundaries,causing avalanches of charged particles near the reactor ***,we run a parametric study finding that N_(p)increases linearly with voltage amplitude V_(amp),is inversely proportional to dielectric gap d_(g)and decreases when voltage frequency f *** code developed for this publication is freely available at the address https://***/gabers

关键词： plasma onset micro-discharge multiple current pulse(MCp) discharge asymmetry seed electrons

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Combining Geomatics and Conventional Methods for Monitoring Forest Conditions under Different Governance Arrangements

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Journal of Mountain Science 2006年第4期3卷 325-333页

作者： Ambika p. gautam p.O. Box 13797 Kathmandu Nepal

This study employed an innovative meth- odological framework that combines geomatics and conventional survey methods to monitor changes in forest conditions and examine their associations with local forest governance parameters in a mountain watershed covering 153.3 km2 in the middle moun- tains of Nepal. The study involved two spatial scales and analytical steps. First, geomatics techniques were used to map and detect changes in major land cover types in the watershed between 1976 and 2000 and to analyze relationships between forest cover changes and governance arrangements. This was followed by micro-level analysis of the relationships between the biological conditions of selected forests within the watershed and their governance arrangements, using conventional survey methods and analytical tools. The findings show that forest cover in the watershed in- creased by about 15 per cent during the period. The rate of increase in forest cover was highest in areas under a semi-government type of governance ar- rangement, while the community forests were gener- ally better in terms of current biological conditions compared to the semi-government forests. This in- consistency between the findings from the two analy- ses does not allow us to draw any firm conclusions regarding the role of property rights in determining forest condition, but it indicates that the outcomes of local forest management initiatives may be more de-pendent on local institutional arrangements regulat- ing forest use and maintenance of forest resources than on the type of property rights arrangements. The findings also provide evidence of the methodological suitability of the research approach adopted, which may be useful for addressing many other research questions related to forestry and natural resources management, particularly those involving multiple spatial scales.

关键词： Forest monitoring property rights research approach Nepal

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A Key Management Scheme Using(p,q)-Lucas polynomials in Wireless Sensor Network

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China Communications 2021年第11期18卷 210-228页

作者： Amit Kumar gautam Rakesh Kumar Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology Gorakhpur-273001India

Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)has witnessed an unpredictable growth for the last few *** has many applications in various critical sectors such as real-time monitoring of nuclear power plant,disaster management,environment,military area ***,due to the distributed and remote deployment of sensor nodes in such networks,they are highly vulnerable to different security *** sensor network always needs a proficient key management scheme to secure data because of resourceconstrained *** polynomial based key management schemes are simple,but the computational complexity is a big *** polynomials,Fibonacci polynomials,Chebychev polynomials are used in Engineering,physics,Combinatory and Numerical analysis *** this paper,we propose a key management scheme using(p,q)-Lucas polynomial to improve the security of ***(p,q)-Lucas polynomial,p represents a random base number while q represents a substitute value of x in the *** value of p is unique,and q is different according to communication between *** of the proposed method on several parameters such as computational overhead,efficiency and storage cost have been performed and compared with existing related *** analysis demonstrates that the proposed(p,q)-Lucas polynomial based key management scheme outperforms over other polynomials in terms of the number of keys used and efficiency.

关键词： key management lucas polynomial WSN security pairwise key distribution key generation hierarchical key management

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Effect of exchange-correlation functionals on the estimation of migration barriers in battery materials

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1533-1545页

作者： Reshma Devi Baltej Singh pieremanuele Canepa Gopalakrishnan Sai gautam Department of Materials Engineering Indian Institute of ScienceBengaluruKarnatakaIndia Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore

Facile ionic mobility within host frameworks is crucial to the design of high-energy-density batteries with high-power-densities,where the migration barrier(Em)is the governing ***,we assess the accuracy and computational performance of generalized gradient approximation(GGA),the strongly constrained and appropriately normed(SCAN),and their Hubbard U corrections,GGA+U and SCAN+U,within the density functional theory-nudged elastic band framework,in the prediction of Em as benchmarked against experimental ***,we observe SCAN to be more accurate than other frameworks,on average,albeit with higher computational costs and convergence difficulties,while GGA is a feasible choice for“quick”and“qualitative”Em ***,we quantify the sensitivity of Em with adding uniform background charge and/or the climbing image approximation in solid electrolytes,and the Hubbard U correction in *** findings will improve the quality of Em predictions which will enable identifying better materials for energy storage applications.

关键词： correction Hubbard approximation

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