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A novel approach to correlate heat transfer and pressure fluctuation in gas-solid spouted bed

particuology 2019年第1期17卷 26-34页

作者： p.k. Mollick p.S. Goswamib M. krishnana p.k. vijayanc A.B. panditd Mechanical Metallurgy Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Deptartmenr of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute ofTechnology-BombayMumbai 400076India Reactor Engineering Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Deptartment of Chemical Engineering Institute of Chemical TechnologyMumbai 400019India

Statistical analysis of pressure fluctuations in spouted beds has been used as a well-established diagnostic tool to determine bed and flow characteristics because of its smooth operation. However, in many recent and conventional applications of spouted beds such as drying, coal gasification, catalytic conversion, biomass treatment, and chemical vapor deposition, direct estimation of the heat transfer rate from the solid bed to the gas or vice versa has proven to be difficult. A variance and spectral analysis of pressure fluctuation is extended here to characterize the heat transfer phenomena in a spouted bed. In the present study, zirconia and alumina were used as the bed materials, and argon and nitrogen were used as the spouting gases. Experiments were conducted at various heating rates for different superficial gas velocities for a range of temperatures up to 300 °C. Significant changes in the gas density and viscosity with different extents of heat transfer were observed to affect the momentum diffusivity and gas–particle interaction, which in turn led to local pressure fluctuations, causing the bed to behave differently. In the present work, a novel approach is proposed to establish a link between local pressure fluctuation and the extent of heat transfer in the bed. This method shows potential for correlation of the statistics of pressure fluctuation with the thermal properties of individual solids and gases. Thus, the technique can be extended to many industrial applications for the indirect estimation of the extent of heat transfer and prediction of unknown thermal properties of products in solids or gases.

关键词： Spouted bed Heat transfer pressure fluctuation Statistical analysis power spectral density analysis Thermal properties

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production of pig iron from red mud waste fines using thermal plasma technology

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2012年第8期19卷 679-684页

作者： k. Jayasankar p.k. Ray A.k. Chaubey A. padhi B.k. Satapathy p.S. Mukherjee CSIR-Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology Bhubaneswar India National Aluminum Company Ltd. Bhubaneswar India

Red mud, an insoluble residue produced during alkali leaching of bauxite, is considered as a low-grade iron ore containing 30% to 50% iron. The present paper deals with the use of thermal plasma technology for producing pig iron from red mud waste fines. The smelting reduction of red mud was carried out in a 35 kW DC extended arc thermal plasma reactor. Red mud was properly mixed with fluxes and graphite （fixed carbon, 99%） as a reductant as per stoichiometric requirement. The effect of various process parameters like a reductant, fluxes and smelting time on iron recovery was studied and optimized. An optimum condition for the maximum recovery of iron was obtained. A new thermal plasma process applicable to direct iron making from red mud waste fines that would achieve significant utilization of red mud was proposed.

关键词： pig iron waste utilization red mud smelting dolomite limestone thermal plasma

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Gold modified cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts for conversion of synthesis gas to liquid fuels

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013年第3期7卷 262-269页

作者： Alan J. Mccue Jura Aponaviciute Richard p.k. Wells James A. Anderson Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Group Department of Chemistry University of Aberdeen AB24 3UE Abcrdccn UK Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Group School of Engineering University of Aberdeen AB24 3UE Aberdeen UK

The addition of Au as a promoter/modifier for alumina supported Co catalyst has been studied by combined in-situ high temperature, high pressure Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） and on-line gas chromatography. The combination of these tools permitted the state of the active catalyst surface to be monitored while following the elution of reaction products during the first 5-7 h on stream of the catalyst. The catalysts under study were a 10%Co/ A1203 and a 2.5%Au/10%Co/A1203. Samples were characterised before use using Raman and temperature programmed reduction （TpR）. During the initial stages of reaction, hydrocarbons were built up on the surface of the catalyst as monitored by FTIR and the nature and amount of these species were assessed in terms of CH2/CH3 ratio and the density of these alkyl fragments by employing absorption coefficients for the individual components. The nature and reducibility of the Co particles were modified by the presence of Au while the later also shifted the CO/ H2 balance by acting as an effective water-gas shift catalyst during the early stages of reaction. This characteristic was lost during reaction as a consequence of redistribution of the two metallic phases.

关键词： gold modified catalyst conversion of synthesis gas

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Comparative study of mechanical, corrosion and erosion-corrosion properties of cast hyper-duplex and super-duplex stainless steels

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2020年第7期27卷 954-961页

作者： p.Nithin Raj p.k.Navaneethkrishnan k.Sekar M.A.Joseph Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyCalicutIndia

Duplex stainless steels(DSSs)used in subsea structures and desalination industries require high corrosion and erosion resistance as well as excellent mechanical *** newly introduced cast duplex grade ASTM A8907 A has a unique composition and is expected to have a much better resistance to corrosion and erosion compared with the super-duplex grades 5 A and 6 *** work is a comparative study of the mechanical properties,corrosion,and erosion-corrosion resistance of super-duplex grades 5 A and 6 A and the hyper-duplex grade 7 *** three DSSs exhibited equiaxial austenite islands in the ferrite matrix and balanced phase *** hardness of the grade 7 A was nearly 15%higher than those of the super-duplex grades,which is attributed to the effect of the higher contents of W and Mn in 7 *** impact toughness of grade 7 A was found to be lower than those of the super-duplex grades due to the carbide precipitation resulting from the partial substitution of Mo with *** oxide layer strengthening effect of rare earth elements and the higher pitting resistance equivalent number(pREN)of grade7 A resulted in higher corrosion *** harder and more passive grade 7 A showed a 35%lower material loss during erosion-corrosion.

关键词： hyper-duplex stainless steels erosion−corrosion electrochemical corrosion marine environment super-duplex stainless steels

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Forest fire risk assessment in parts of Northeast India using geospatial tools

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第4期22卷 641-647页

作者： kanchan puri G. Areendran krishna Raj Sraboni Mazumdar p.k. Joshi Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Kashmere Gate Delhi 110006 India IGCMC WWF India Lodi Estate New Delhi 110003 India TERI University New Delhi 110070 India.

Forest fire is a major cause of changes in forest structure and function. Among various floristic regions, the northeast region of India suffers maximum from the fires due to age-old practice of shifting cultivation and spread of fires from jhum fields. For proper mitigation and management, an early warning of forest fires through risk modeling is required. The study results demonstrate the potential use of remote sensing and Geographic Information System （GIS） in identifying forest fire prone areas in Manipur, southeastern part of Northeast India. Land use land cover （LULC）, vegetation type, Digital elevation model （DEM）, slope, aspect and proximity to roads and settlements, factors that influence the behavior of fire, were used to model the forest fire risk zones. Each class of the layers was given weight according to their fire inducing capability and their sensitivity to fire. Weighted sum modeling and ISODATA clustering was used to classify the fire zones. TO validate the results, Along Track Scanning Radiometer （ATSR）, the historical fire hotspots data was used to check the occurrence points and modeled forest fire locations. The forest risk zone map has 55-63% of agreement with ATSR dataset.

关键词： ATSR forest fire modeling risk zonation weights Manipur

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Regression analysis of squeezing-induced hybrid nanofluid flow in Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 193-208页

作者： k.MUHAMMAD M.SARFRAZ Department of Humanities and Sciences School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National University of Sciences and Technology Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam University

This article presents a mathematical model addressing a scenario involving a hybrid nanofluid flow between two infinite parallel plates. One plate remains stationary, while the other moves downward at a squeezing velocity. The space between these plates contains a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. A mixture of water-based fluid with gold(Au) and silicon dioxide(Si O2) nanoparticles is formulated. In contrast to the conventional Fourier's heat flux equation, this study employs the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux equation. A uniform magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the flow direction, invoking magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) effects. Further, the model accounts for Joule heating, which is the heat generated when an electric current passes through the fluid. The problem is solved via NDSolve in MATHEMATICA. Numerical and statistical analyses are conducted to provide insights into the behavior of the nanomaterials between the parallel plates with respect to the flow, energy transport, and skin *** findings of this study have potential applications in enhancing cooling systems and optimizing thermal management strategies. It is observed that the squeezing motion generates additional pressure gradients within the fluid, which enhances the flow rate but reduces the frictional drag. Consequently, the fluid is pushed more vigorously between the plates, increasing the flow velocity. As the fluid experiences higher flow rates due to the increased squeezing effect, it spends less time in the region between the plates. The thermal relaxation, however, abruptly changes the temperature, leading to a decrease in the temperature fluctuations.

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当代英国作家作品选析

当代英国作家作品选析

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作者： p.k.·泰森(p.k. Tyson)

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Anthropogenic pressure on Structure and Composition of a Shola Forest in kerala, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2006年第1期3卷 58-70页

作者： U.M. Chandrashekara p.k. Muraleedharan V. Sibichan kerala Forest Research Institute Sub Centre kerala Forest Research Institute

The montane closed evergreen forests found at altitudes above 1,800 m in the Western Ghats of India possess a distinct vegetation type and are called shola forests. Despite the fact that these forests are located in relatively inaccessible areas, they are still under anthropogenic pressure leading to continued habitat degradation and loss of biomass and biodiversity. A case study was conducted in Mananvan shola, the largest shola forest in kerala of Western Ghats, to recognize the impact of disturbance on vegetation structure, composition and regeneration pattern, to identify the socio-economic reasons for disturbance and to evolve strategies for its management. In the disturbed part of the forest, dominance of light demanding species in tree, shrub and herb communities has been recorded. Here even the dominance of exotic species in tree seedling, shrub and herb communities is prominent. Skewed girth class distribution of tree community with poor representation by the individuals of girth class 30.1 to 90.0 cm, is also an indication of the collection of small wood and poles from the forest. The RISQ (Ramakrishnan Index of Stand Quality) in the disturbed area of the forest is above 2.0 as against near to 1.0 in relatively undisturbed forest standssuggesting that the disturbance is intensive and thus natural recovery process would be slow. Socio- economic analysis in villages located near the shola forest revealed the fact that the people depended heavily on this forest for their livelihood. Thus, the crux and the success of future management and conservation strategy depend on how one can reduce the dependency of people on the shola vegetation. Enrichment planting in disturbed parts of shola, enhancement of firewood by raising energy plantations, as well as development of lemongrass and firewood based agroforestry systems and reduction of grazing pressure by developing silvopastoral systems are the major strategies for the conservation of these shola forests.

关键词： Anthropogenic disturbance montane forest shola forest species composition western ghats of India

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In vivo modulation of androgen receptor by androgens

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2002年第3期4卷 229-231页

作者： V. L. kumar p.k. Majumder V. kumar Department of pharmacology All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar New Delhi-110 029 India.Department of Pharmacology All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar New Delhi-110 029 India.Virology Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi-110 067 India.

Aim: To study the effect of androgen and antiandrogen on the level of androgen receptor (AR) mRNA. Methods: The total RNA was extracted from the prostate and analyzed by slot blot analysis. The blots were hybridized with AR cDNA probe and 1A probe (internal control) and autoradiography was performed. The intensity of signal was measured with a densitometer and the ratio of AR RNA and 1A RNA was calculated. Results: Androgenic deprivation produced by castration decreased the weight of the prostate and increased the levels of AR mRNA. Treatment of the castrated rats with testostrone increased the weight of prostate and decreased the levels of AR mRNA. Treatment of normal rats with flutamide decreased the weight of the gland and increased the levels Of AR mRNA. Conclusion: Androgens produce proliferative effect on the prostate and negatively regulate the AR transcription.

关键词： androgen receptor androgens antiandrogens

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Effects of p301L-TAU on post-translational modifications of microtubules in human ipSC-derived cortical neurons and TAU transgenic mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2348-2360页

作者： Mohamed Aghyad Al kabbani Christoph köhler Hans Zempel Institute of Human Genetics Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne(CMMC) University of CologneCologneGermany Center Anatomy Department ⅡMedical FacultyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany

TAU is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability in the *** is missorted and aggregated in an array of diseases known as *** are essential for neuronal function and regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications,changes of which affect microtubule stability and dynamics,microtubule interaction with other proteins and cellular structures,and mediate recruitment of microtubule-severing *** impairment of microtubule dynamics causes neuronal dysfunction,we hypothesize cognitive impairment in human disease to be impacted by impairment of microtubule *** therefore aimed to study the effects of a disease-causing mutation of TAU(p301L)on the levels and localization of microtubule post-translational modifications indicative of microtubule stability and dynamics,to assess whether p301L-TAU causes stability-changing modifications to *** investigate TAU localization,phosphorylation,and effects on tubulin post-translational modifications,we expressed wild-type or p301L-TAU in human MApT-kO induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons(i Neurons)and studied TAU in neurons in the hippocampus of mice transgenic for human p301L-TAU(p R5 mice).Human neurons expressing the longest TAU isoform(2N4R)with the p301L mutation showed increased TAU phosphorylation at the AT8,but not the p-Ser-262 epitope,and increased polyglutamylation and acetylation of microtubules compared with endogenous TAU-expressing neurons.p301L-TAU showed pronounced somatodendritic presence,but also successful axonal enrichment and a similar axodendritic distribution comparable to exogenously expressed 2N4R-wildtype-TAU.p301L-TAU-expressing hippocampal neurons in transgenic mice showed prominent missorting and tauopathy-typical AT8-phosphorylation of TAU and increased polyglutamylation,but reduced acetylation,of microtubules compared with non-transgenic *** sum,p301L-TAU results in changes in micr

关键词： human induced pluripotent stem cell microtubules p301L pR5 mice TAU tauopathy tubulin code

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