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创新科学结构图谱对中美基础研究影响技术创新的揭示

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中国科学院院刊 2024年第3期39卷 588-600页

作者：陈挺冷伏海李国鹏王小梅中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院北京100190

文章利用科学结构图谱分析方法首次绘制了创新科学结构图谱,以被专利引用的基本科学指标数据库(ESI)高被引论文为数据基础,揭示了世界前沿基础研究对技术创新发展的影响情况;发现其中对技术创新发展起到推动作用的热点方向,并对比中美... 详细信息

文章利用科学结构图谱分析方法首次绘制了创新科学结构图谱,以被专利引用的基本科学指标数据库(ESI)高被引论文为数据基础,揭示了世界前沿基础研究对技术创新发展的影响情况;发现其中对技术创新发展起到推动作用的热点方向,并对比中美两国在这些热点方向上的表现,为科学决策提供有效的数据支撑。分析发现:被专利引用较高的论文主要集中在新生物技术与生物医疗技术、新兴信息技术、能源与材料这些可能引发颠覆性技术创新的基础研究领域;中国被专利引用的高被引论文增势明显,5年累计增长超过60%,但数量还是不到美国的50%;中国在不少与技术创新关联紧密的热点研究方向中的论文数量高于美国,但被专利引用的论文数量却通常低于美国;美国影响技术创新的基础研究内容更多的是引领产业变革方面的研发活动,并且有大量企业参与。

关键词：创新图谱专利引用论文基础研究高被引论文技术创新

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电信系统基本知识

电信系统基本知识

作者： p.h..斯梅尔(p.h..Smalem)

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苏联闪击战

苏联闪击战

作者： p.h..维戈尔(p.h..Vigor)

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作者： p.h..盖若特

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汤加文化中的Tauhi Vā

山西大同大学学报（社会科学版） 2024年第4期38卷 100-103,122页

作者：李菅梅莱奈伊特·塔乌莫艾富拉乌北京外国语大学英语学院北京100089 奥克兰大学文学院新西兰奥克兰1142

Tauhi vā是汤加乃至太平洋文化中非常重要的一个概念,是指保持、维持或滋养社会关系。人们通过履行各自的责任(fai fatongia),来构建和谐美好的社会关系。这一概念深刻影响着汤加人日常生活的方方面面,同时也塑造了汤加人的思维和行为... 详细信息

Tauhi vā是汤加乃至太平洋文化中非常重要的一个概念,是指保持、维持或滋养社会关系。人们通过履行各自的责任(fai fatongia),来构建和谐美好的社会关系。这一概念深刻影响着汤加人日常生活的方方面面,同时也塑造了汤加人的思维和行为方式。然而近年来,人们在tauhi vā的过程中却逐渐偏离了其初衷而导致不和谐或不对称的产生。汤加人在转变现有观念的同时,也在积极探索tauhi vā的新方式,以期实现tauhi vā的良性循环和可持续发展。

关键词： tauhi vā 汤加太平洋岛国

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Key factors to prioritize when preparing for the Olympic Games

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2024年第6期13卷 719-721页

作者： George p.Nassis Gregoire p.Millet Department of physical Education College of EducationUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain 15551United Arab Emirates Institute of Sport Sciences University of LausanneLausanne 1015Switzerland

We need more research that will fulfill the needs of athletes and *** is a common statement,highly relevant nowadays only a few weeks before the commencement of the paris 2024 Olympic *** fill this gap,we have identified 6 topics that we feel coaches and athletes would be interested in learning more to optimize their preparation for the *** topics are.

关键词： preparing statement interested

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丹麦的农业

丹麦的农业

作者： p.h..克拉德森(p.h..Knudsen)

The potential of glutamine supplementation in reduced-crude protein diets for chicken-meat production

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 49-56页

作者： peter h.Selle Shemil p.Macelline Mehdi Toghyani Sonia Yun Liu poultry Research Foundation within the University of Sydney CamdenNSW 2570Australia Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of SydneyCamdenNSW 2570Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneyCamdenNSW 2570Australia

This review explores the potential of including glutamine,a so-called non-essential amino acid,in the formulation of reduced-crude protein(Cp)diets for broiler *** is a precedent for benefits when including glycine and serine in reduced-Cp *** this is due to decreases in non-essential amino acid concentrations in reduced-Cp diets—an unavoidable consequence of reducing Cp without amino acid *** situation for glutamine is complicated because analysed dietary concentrations are very rarely provided as standard assays do not differentiate between glutamine and glutamate and are reported on a combined basis as glutamic *** dietary requirement for glutamic acid is approximately 36.3 g/kg but it is increasingly unlikely that this requirement will be met as dietary Cp levels are progressively *** is an abundant and versatile amino acid and constitutes 50.5 mg/g of whole-body chicken protein and is the dominant free amino acid in systemic plasma where it has been shown to provide 22.6%(139.9 of 620.3μg/mL)of the total in birds offered 215 g/kg Cp,wheat-based *** addition to dietary intakes,glutamine biosynthesis is derived mainly from the condensation of glutamate and ammonia(Nh3)catalysed by glutamine synthetase,a reaction that is pivotal to Nh3 *** and Nh3 are converted to glutamine by phosphate-dependent glutaminase in the reciprocal reaction;thus,glutamine and glutamate are interchangeable amino ***,the rate of glutamine biosynthesis may not be adequate in rapidly growing broiler chickens and exogenous and endogenous glutamine levels are probably insufficient in birds offered reduced-Cp *** many functional roles of glutamine,including Nh3 detoxification and maintenance of acid-base homeostasis,then become *** feeding studies were identified where dietary glutamine supplementation,usually 10 g/kg,was evaluated in birds kept under thermoneutral ***

关键词： Broiler chicken Glutamate Glutamic acid Glutamine

Energy enhancement of laser-driven ions by radiation reaction and Breit-Wheeler pair production in the ultra-relativistic transparency regime

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high power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 60-73页

作者： Shikha Bhadoria Mattias Marklund Christoph h.Keitel Max-planck-Institut für Kernphysik HeidelbergGermany Department of physics University of GothenburgGöteborgSweden

The impact of radiation reaction and Breit±Wheeler pair production on the acceleration of fully ionized carbon ions driven by an intense linearly polarized laser pulse has been investigated in the ultra-relativistic transparency *** initial expectations, the radiation reaction and pair production at ultra-high laser intensities are found to enhance the energy gained by the ions. The electrons lose most of their transverse momentum, and the additionally produced pair plasma of Breit±Wheeler electrons and positrons co-streams in the forward direction as opposed to the existing electrons streaming at an angle above zero degree. We discuss how these observations could be explained by the changes in the phase velocity of the Buneman instability, which is known to aid ion acceleration in the breakout afterburner regime, by tapping the free energy in the relative electron and ion streams. We present evidence that these non-classical effects can further improve the highest carbon ion energies in this transparency regime.

关键词： ion acceleration quantum electrodynamic effects

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