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Regenerative biomarkers for Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第8期14卷 1317-1320页

作者： simon Guiraud Kay E.Davies MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and Genetics

Skeletal muscle has an extraordinary capacity to regenerate after injury and trauma. The muscle repair mechanism is a complex process orchestrated by multiple steps. In neuromuscular disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the pathological consequences of the lack of dystrophin and the loss of the dystrophin-associated protein complex are dramatic, with a progressive cascade of events, such as continual influx of inflammation, repeated cycles of degeneration and impaired regeneration. Thus, muscle regeneration is a hallmark of the disease and careful monitoring of regenerative processes with robust markers should provide useful information to the field. Since decades, several indices of regeneration such as centronucleation and fibre size have been commonly used. In the present review, we discuss the impaired regenerative process in DMD, the common and new indices of regeneration and their associated methodologies. We notably highlight the regenerative marker embryonic myosin as a robust indicator of muscle regeneration. We also describe new quantitative methodologies offering the possibility of using a panel of translational regenerative biomarkers to obtain a more complete view of the regeneration processes. Upregulation of utrophin, an autosomal and functional paralogue of dystrophin, is one of the most promising therapeutic strategies as it targets the primary cause of the disease and is applicable to all DMD patients regardless their genetic defects. As utrophin is a regeneration associated protein increased in dystrophic muscle, we discuss the correlation of utrophin levels after drug treatment with regeneration markers. The recent advances in technologies and complementary markers of muscle regeneration described in this review, provide an unprecedented opportunity to develop more robust utrophin DMD based strategies for all DMD patients.

关键词： DMD regeneration biomarkers utrophin embryonic myosin methodologies muscle repair degeneration

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Nest site tenacity and mate fidelity in the Black-headed Gull(Chroicocephalus ridibundus)

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 664-670页

作者： simon piro Angela Schmitz Ornés Vogelwarte Zoological Institute and MuseumUniversity of GreifswaldSoldmannstr.23GreifswaldGermany

Breeding philopatry is well known in the Black-headed Gull(Chroicocephalus ridibundus).Using a capture-markrecapture method,we studied if Black-headed Gulls show nest site tenacity and mate fidelity as well,and investigated if there are differences between a stable,and a newly established and fast-growing colony,as well as for differences between the center and edges of these colonies located in north-eastern *** found a high level of nest site tenacity in the center of the stable colony on B?hmke Island,and lower degrees of nest site tenacity at the edge of the same colony and in the newly established and fast-growing colony on Riether *** fidelity was very strong in all individuals which returned to their previous breeding place,regardless of the nest site location.

关键词： Black-headed Gull Croicocephalus ridibundus Mate fidelity Nest site tenacity philopatry

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Nonlinear shear behavior of rock joints using a linearized implementation of the Barton-Bandis model

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第4期9卷 671-682页

作者： simon Heru prassetyo Marte Gutierrez Nick Barton Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado School of Mines Golden CO 80401 USA Nick Barton and Associates Oslo Norway

Experiments on rock joint behaviors have shown that joint surface roughness is mobilized under shearing,inducing dilation and resulting in nonlinear joint shear strength and shear stress *** displacement *** Barton-Bandis(B-B) joint model provides the most realistic prediction for the nonlinear shear behavior of rock *** B-B model accounts for asperity roughness and strength through the joint roughness coefficient(JRC) and joint wall compressive strength(JCS) ***,many computer codes for rock engineering analysis still use the constant shear strength parameters from the linear Mohr-Coulomb(M-C) model,which is only appropriate for smooth and non-dilatant *** limitation prevents fractured rock models from capturing the nonlinearity of joint shear *** bridge the B-B and the M C models,this paper aims to provide a linearized implementation of the B-B model using a tangential technique to obtain the equivalent M-C parameters that can satisfy the nonlinear shear behavior of rock *** equivalent parameters,namely the equivalent peak cohesion,friction angle,and dilation angle,are then converted into their mobilized forms to account for the mobilization and degradation of JRC under *** conversion is done by expressing JRC in the equivalent peak parameters as functions of joint shear displacement using proposed hyperbolic and logarithmic functions at the pre-and post-peak regions of shear displacement,***,the pre-and post-peak joint shear stiffnesses are derived so that a complete shear stress-shear displacement relationship can be *** of the linearized implementation of the B-B model show that the shear stress-shear displacement curves,the dilation behavior,and the shear strength envelopes of rock joints are consistent with available experimental and numerical results.

关键词： Rock joints Joint shear behavior Friction and dilation Barton-Bandis(B-B) model Equivalent Mohr-Coulomb(M-C) parameters

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The complexity of sediment recycling as revealed by common pb isotopes in K-feldspar

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第5期9卷 1515-1527页

作者： simon p.Johnson Christopher L.Kirkland Noreen J.Evans Brad J.McDonald Huntly N.Cutten Geological Survey of Western Australia Mineral House100 Plain StreetEast PerthWestern Australia6004Australia Centre for Exploration Targeting-Curtin Node The Institute for Geoscience ResearchDepartment of Applied GeologyWestern Australian School of MinesCurtin UniversityPerthWestern Australia6102Australia John de Laeter Centre The Institute for Geoscience ResearchDepartment of Applied Geology and Applied PhysicsCurtin UniversityPerthWestern Australia6102Australia

Detrital zircon U-pb geochronology has become the gold standard in evaluating source to sink relationships in sedimentary basins. However, the physical and chemical robustness of zircon, which make it such a useful mineral for provenance studies, is also a hindrance as zircon can be recycled through numerous sedimentary basins, thus obscuring the first cycle source to sink relationship. An elegant approach to addressing this potential issue is to compare the pb isotope composition of detrital K-feldspar, a mineral which is unlikely to survive more than one erosion-transport-deposition cycle, with that of magmatic K-feldspar from potential basement source terranes. Here we present new in situ pb isotope data on detrital K-feldspar from two proterozoic arkosic sandstones from Western Australia, and magmatic K-feldspar grains from potential igneous source rocks, as inferred by the age and Hf isotope composition of detrital zircon grains. The data indicate that the detrital zircon and K-feldspar grains could not have been liberated from the same source rocks, and that the zircon has most likely been recycled through older sedimentary basins. These results provide a more complete understanding of apparently simple source to sink relationships in this part of proterozoic Western Australia.

关键词： Detrital zircon K-feldspar pb isotopes Sediment provenance Sediment recycling

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Reading Text Under Normal and Disappearing presentation Conditions

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心理与行为研究 2004年第3期2卷 505-512页

作者： simon p. Liversedge Department of psychology University of Durham Durham DH1 3LE UK

In this article I discuss data from a series of experiments in which readers’ eye movements were recorded as they processed sentences in which each word disappeared or was masked 60ms after fixation onset. We used this paradigm to investigate whether we could induce a gap effect during reading, and how visual and linguistic factors affected eye movements under these conditions. The data showed that no gap effect occurred in our experiment. Overall reading times were the same under normal and disappearing presentation conditions. However, readers did adopt a strategy of making fewer but longer fixations when the text disappeared than when it did not. Additionally, clear frequency effects occurred regardless of whether the text was presented normally or disappeared. This finding indicates that while the visual uptake of information is important, cognitive processes associated with the lexical identification of words are a primary influence on when readers move their eyes during reading. The findings are taken to support the E-Z Reader model of eye movement control.

关键词： eye movements disappearing text reading.

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Applying an Integrated Systems perspective to the Management of Engineering projects

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Frontiers of Engineering Management 2015年第1期2卷 19-30+102页

作者： simon p.philbin Imperial College London

Engineering projects can be subject to significant complexity, which may result in a number of issues and challenges that need to be addressed throughout the project life-cycle. Traditionally projects have been viewed according to the so called “iron triangle,” i. e., achievement of project milestones according to schedule, cost and quality targets. While these targets are fundamentally important to the performance of engineering projects, it is possible to view projects on a systemic level in order to allow an adequate focus on all the underpinning factors that have the potential to in fluence the performance of ***, a management framework has been developed that is based on an integrated systems perspective of engineering projects, where the performance of projects is a function of six contributing sub-systems that are: process,technology, resources, knowledge, culture and impact.

关键词： integrated systems perspective engineering projects management

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Roles of Financial Innovation and Information Technology:Lessons from US Sub-prime Mortgage Crisis and Its Implications for China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2012年第3期22卷 343-355页

作者： James H LENZER JR simon Xiaobin ZHAO International Center for China Development Studies & Department of Geography Faculty of Social Sciencesthe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The mortgage loan has evolved from a local lending instrument into a major global security and its role is unparallel to other financial instruments in the process of financial globalization. This paper explains how technology and financial innovation transformed the mortgage loan from a local security into a premier global security traded worldwide. It examines the fundamental flaws of this process and why it does not work in regards to mortgage lending and the re-securitization products that were created through financial innovation. The findings show that regulation was unable to keep pace with financial innovation, which created an environment where actors in the financial service sector were able to behave geographically irresponsibly by using information asymmetries to their advantage by par- ticipating in moral hazard activities and engaging in other immoral and unethical business practices that were centered around localized geography, which ultimately contributed to the global financial crisis. It also examines the roll of financial innovation in regard to the Lehman Brothers Mini-Bond in Hung and its role as a driving force behind China＇s newly emerging shadow banking sector. It concludes with a policy recommendation and its implication for China＇s continued economic development.

关键词： shadow banking US sub-prime mortgage crisis financial tsunami global financial crisis wealth man- agement vehicle China asset bubble

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Direct acting antivirals therapy and hepatocellular carcinoma risk in patients with hepatitis C virus

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Hepatoma Research 2020年第4期6卷 39-46页

作者： Monika pazgan-simon Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Wroclaw Medical UniversityWroclaw 51-149Poland

The estimated number of people with active hepatitis C virus infection worldwide is about 70 *** estimated number of people with active hepatitis C virus infection worldwide is about 70 *** 30%of infected individuals develop cirrhosis,whilst some develop liver cancer,the fifth most common cancer *** available treatments,high-efficacy antiviral agents mostly short-term(8-12 weeks)and pangenotypic,have efficacy rates of over 96%.Some patients,especially those with cirrhosis,develop primary liver cancer even after effective hepatitis C virus *** order to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma early,patients at risk should be enrolled in a surveillance program.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus direct acting antivirals treatment oncogenesis

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Evaluation of the ability of arsenic species to traverse cell membranes by simple diffusion using octanol-water and liposome-water partition coefficients

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 222-232页

作者： Teresa Chavez-Capilla William Maher Tamsin Kelly simon Foster Ecochemistry Laboratory Institute for Applied Ecology University of Canberra Canberra ACT 2601 Australia National Centre for Forensic Studies Faculty of Education Science Technology and Mathematics University of Canberra CanberraACT 2601 Australia

Arsenic metabolism in living organisms is dependent on the ability of different arsenic species to traverse biological membranes. Simple diffusion provides an alternative influx and efflux route to mediated transport mechanisms that can increase the amount of arsenic available for metabolism in cells. Using octanol-water and liposome-water partition coefficients, the ability of arsenous acid, arsenate, methylarsonate, dimethylarsinate, thio-methylarsonate, thiodimethylarsinic acid, arsenotriglutathione and monomethylarsonic diglutathione to diffuse through the lipid bilayer of cell membranes was investigated. Molecular modelling of arsenic species was used to explain the results. All arsenic species with the exception of arsenate, methylarsonate and thio-methylarsonate were able to diffuse through the lipid bilayer of liposomes, with liposome-water partition coefficients between 0.04 and 0.13. Trivalent arsenic species and thio-pentavalent arsenic species showed higher partition coefficients, suggesting that they can easily traverse cell membranes by passive simple diffusion. Given the higher toxicity of these species compared to oxo-pentavalent arsenic species, this study provides evidence supporting the risk associated with human exposure to trivalent and thio-arsenic species.

关键词： ArsenicLiposomespartition coefficientspassive simple diffusionTrivalent arsenic speciesThio-arsenic species

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Multi-AUV SOM task allocation algorithm considering initial orientation and ocean current environment

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019年第3期20卷 330-341页

作者： Da-qi ZHU Yun QU simon X.YANG Laboratory of Underwater Vehicles and Intelligent Systems Shanghai Maritime University Advanced Robotics and Intelligent Systems Laboratory University of Guelph

There is an ocean current in the actual underwater working environment. An improved self-organizing neural network task allocation model of multiple autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs) is proposed for a three-dimensional underwater workspace in the ocean current. Each AUV in the model will be competed, and the shortest path under an ocean current and different azimuths will be selected for task assignment and path planning while guaranteeing the least total consumption. First, the initial position and orientation of each AUV are determined. The velocity and azimuths of the constant ocean current are determined. Then the AUV task assignment problem in the constant ocean current environment is considered. The AUV that has the shortest path is selected for task assignment and path planning. Finally, to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method, simulation results are given.

关键词： Autonomous underwater vehicles Self-organizing neural networks Azimuths Ocean current

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