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Impacts of pI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón pérez-Núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(pI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the pI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/pI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/pI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the pI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the pI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

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Innovations in Value-Addition of Agricultural By-products in Uganda

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Journal of Environmental protection 2019年第11期10卷 1493-1506页

作者： Denis nsubuga Noble Banadda Nicholas Kiggundu Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Makerere University Kampala Uganda Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering 1340 Elings Hall Ames Iowa USA

The purpose of this review was to profile the existing innovations in the value addition of agricultural by-products and suggest innovations that could yield more value-added products from the available agricultural by-products in Uganda. These by-products were from crops, livestock, fish and forestry sub-sectors. The review indicated 7.8 million tons from the crops’ subsector, 6.69 million skins and hides, 2280 million tons of cow dung and 390,550 tons of chicken dung from the livestock subsector, 36,000 tons from the fish subsector and 440,000 m3 of sawdust and offcuts from the forestry sub-sector. Current innovations in value-addition of agricultural by-products included the making of briquettes, organic fertilizers, biogas, biochar, pellets and organic pesticides from the crop subsector. Cow dung from the livestock is used for plastering walls of houses, used as fertilizer and used for the production of biogas. Chicken droppings are as well used as fertilizer and for production of biogas. Fish frames and skins are mainly consumed in smoked form whereas trimmings are usually rolled into fish balls and then fried for people to eat while the fats are used for frying the fish balls. Sawdust has been mixed with cement to make wood-cement composite bricks that reduce the overall weight of the building. It is also being used as feed in the Indigenous Micro-Organisms (IMO) technology in the production of pigs. proposed innovations include the use of bones to produce soft tissue, buttons, knife handles and bone meal. Blood can be used in making adhesives and fertilizers while fish oil is a major dietary source of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and so can be utilized to enrich different food products.

关键词： Value Addition Agricultural Waste By-products Innovations in Agriculture Agricultural Value Chains

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Comparative Study of Biogas production from Jackfruit Waste, Banana peels, and pineapple peels Co-Digested with Cow Dung

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2023年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： Tadeo Mibulo Denis nsubuga Isa Kabenge Nicholas Kiggundu Kerstin D. Wydra Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Makerere University Kampala Uganda plant production and Climate Change Erfurt University of Applied Sciences Erfurt Germany

Only 42% of Uganda’s population has access to electricity. The population continues to use firewood and charcoal as a source of energy, which leads to depletion of forests thus to climate change. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of biogas production from jackfruit waste, banana peels, and pineapple peels when co-digested with cow dung as an alternative energy source. Substrates for each waste were co-digested with varying proportions (0%, 25%, and 50%) of cow dung using laboratory-scale 250 mL anaerobic digestors. The total biogas generation for jackfruit waste, banana peels, and pineapple peels after 30 days of anaerobic digestion was 82.3, 189, and 262 mL, respectively. When jack fruit waste, pineapple peels and banana peels were co-digested with 25% cow dung, the total amount of biogas produced increased by a factor of two and three, respectively. However, 50% of cow dung only significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved for jack fruit waste by two folds. Therefore, the results indicated that jackfruit waste, banana and pineapple peels can be used for biogas production to augment energy supply. .

关键词： Biogas Co-Digestion Jackfruit Waste Banana pineapple peels

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Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng Adam M.R.Groh Moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo Anne Stratton G.R.Wayne Moore Jack p.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

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prevalence and Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight among Teenage Mothers in New Mulago Hospital： A Cross Sectional Study

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Journal of Health Science 2016年第4期4卷 192-199页

作者： Bayo Louis Buyungo Steven Nakiwala Margret Nabimba Ronald Luyinda Emmanuel nsubuga Tadeo Imelda Namagembe Arabat Kasangaki Banura Cecily Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine Makerere University College of Health Sciences P. 0 Box 7072 KampalaUganda Child Health and Development Centre School of Medicine Makerere University College of Health Sciences P. 0 Box 6717Kampala Uganda Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine Makerere University College of Health Sciences P. 0 Box 7072Kampala Uganda Department of Nursing School of Health Sciences Makerere University College of Health Sciences P. 0 Box 7072 Kampala Uganda Department of Dentistry School of Health Sciences Makerere University College of Health Sciences P. 0 Box 7072 KampalaUganda

The World Health Organization defines low birth weight （LBW） as a new born having a weight of less than 2,500 g at birth. Low birth weight is one of the major determinants of perinatal survival, infant morbidity and mortality as well as the risk of developmental disabilities and illnesses in future lives. WHO estimates that about 30 million low birth weight babies are born annually （23.4% of all births） and they often face short and long term health consequences. Whereas the global prevalence of LBW has slightly declined, the rate in many developing countries is still quite high. In Uganda, low birth weight among teenage mothers is a problem. Our study aimed to estimate the prevalence of and identify the factors associated with low birth weight among teenage mothers in New Mulago hospital. We conducted an analytical cross sectional study among teenage mothers who delivered from new Mulago Hospital Complex labour suite from August 2013 to August 2014. Trained interviewers, administered pre-tested questionnaires to consecutive mothers to obtain information on their socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric history and child factors. Odds ratios and p-values were calculated to determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. We also used descriptive statistics for the quantitative data. A total of 357 teenage mothers were enrolled on the study. Their mean age was 18 years （Range 13-19）, majority, 98.4% aged 15-19 years. The prevalence of LBW was 25.5%. pre-term delivery （OR 3.3032, p = 0.0001） and multiple pregnancies （OR 0.165, p = 0.039） were associated with LBW. Malaria, young maternal age and ANC attendance were not associated with LBW. Child factors such as birth order, congenital anomalies and sex of the baby were also not associated with LBW. The prevalence of LBW is high among teenage mothers, pre-term delivery and multiple pregnancies were associated factors with LBW. Health professional＇s need to address teenage maternal health. Heal

关键词： prevalence low birth weight teenage mothers Mulago Uganda.

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Advances in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder:Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cell transplantation

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World Journal of Methodology 2025年第1期15卷 72-79页

作者： Serdar Kabatas ErdinçCivelek Eyüp Can Savrunlu Umut Karaaslan Özlem Yıldız Erdal Karaöz Department of Neurosurgery University of Health Sciences TurkeyGaziosmanpaşa Training and Research HospitalIstanbul 34255Türkiye Department of pediatric Allergy-Immunology Institute of Health Sciences Marmara UniversityIstanbul 34865Türkiye Center for Stem Cell&Gene Therapy Research and practice University of Health Sciences TurkeyIstanbul 34255Türkiye Department of Child and Adolescent psychiatry University of Health SciencesGaziosmanpaşa Training and Research HospitalIstanbul 34255Türkiye Department of Child and Adolescent psychiatry Kocaeli University Faculty of MedicineKocaeli 41001Türkiye Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research&Manufacturing Liv HospitalIstanbul 34340Türkiye Department of Histology and Embryology Istinye UniversityFaculty of MedicineIstanbul 34010Türkiye Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research and practice Istinye UniversityIstanbul 34340Türkiye

BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with multifaceted *** recent studies,neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation have come to the forefront in its *** are studies suggesting that stem cell therapy may be effective in the treatment of *** To evolve the landscape of ASD treatment,focusing on the potential benefits and safety of stem cell *** A detailed case report is presented,displaying the positive outcomes observed in a child who underwent intrathecal and intravenous Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)transplantation combined with *** The study demonstrates a significant improvement in the child’s functional outcomes(Childhood Autism Rating Scale,Denver 2 Developmental Screening Test),especially in language and gross motor *** serious side effects were encountered during the 2-year *** The findings support the safety and effectiveness of WJ-MSC transplantation in managing ASD.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder Neurorehabilitation Stem cell transplantation Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cells Inflammation

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Distributed Full Order Sliding Mode Control for Finite-time Attitude Synchronization and Tracking of Spacecraft

Distributed Full Order Sliding Mode Control for Finite-time ...

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第37届中国控制会议

作者： nsubuga Latifu Zhuoyue Song Chao Duan Zhen Li Housheng Su Qinghe Wu Xiangdong Liu State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex Systems School of AutomationBeijing Institute of Technology Key Laboratory of Drive and Control of Servo Motion System Ministry of Industry and Information Technology School of Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology

This paper investigates a distributed finite-time attitude synchronization and tracking problem of multiple spacecraft when a time varying reference signal is available to only a subset of group *** Rodrigues parameters are used for attitude representation.A two layer sliding mode surface with fast non-singular terminal sliding mode surface（FNTSMS） as the inner layer and terminal sliding mode surface（TSMS） as the outer layer is used to create a full order sliding mode *** proposed distributed attitude coordination control law guarantees attitude synchronization and tracking as long as their exists atleast one spacecraft that has a direct access to the virtual leader’s time varying ***-time stability of the closed loop system is guaranteed by Lyapunov-based stability *** results are presented to validate the performance of the proposed control strategy.

关键词： Attitude synchronization Attitude tracking Finite-time Full-order sliding mode(FOSM) Distributed control

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Customer Satisfaction at Galen House, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, 2019

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2021年第1期11卷 70-79页

作者： Munekayi padingani Nothando Dube Simbarashe Chiwanda Notion Gombe Gerald Shambira Ms T. Juru peter nsubuga Mufuta Tshimanga Department of Community medicine University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe Galen House 24 Hours Medical practice Bulawayo City Zimbabwe

Introduction: Healthcare industries have seen recent movements towards continuous quality improvement. The healthcare regulators shifted towards a market-driven approach of turning patient satisfaction surveys into a quality improvement tool for overall organizational performance. Data concerning this has remained limited in private sector in Zimbabwe. Thus, this study aims to determine patients and health workers perception about health services offered at Galen house in order to enable the institution to come up with evidence-based interventions to improve the quality of healthcare services. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study. It was a mixed qualitative and quantitative study involving data collected from patients/ guardians and health workers at Galen House from January 2019 to March of the same year. Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel version 2013. Results: There were a total of 270 patients involved into the study. 173 (64%) perceived the waiting before services as good. 213 (79%) perceived the total waiting time as not long. privacy 215 (80%) and confidentiality 223 (83%) perceived as good by patients. More than 50% of health workers perceived health services offered at Galen House as good. Staff attitude was perceived as good 191 (71%) by patients in contrary to some instance by health workers. Affordability of services was perceived as manageable. Conclusion: The total waiting time was perceived as not long at Galen House. Staff attitude was perceived differently by patients and health workers. Improving those two will contribute to more utilization of services by the community.

关键词： patient Satisfactory Survey private Sector patient Waiting Time patient privacy patient Confidentiality patient Affordability

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Knowledge and Attitude towards Cervical Cancer Screening among Females Attending out patient Department in Health Centre IIIs in Oyam District

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Open Journal of preventive Medicine 2017年第4期7卷 55-62页

作者： Ali Waiswa Ronald nsubuga Margret Muwasi Isaac Kimera Geofrey Ndikabona pliers D. Tusingwire Maghanga Mshilla Emilio Ovuga peter Akera Faculty of Medicine Gulu University Gulu Uganda Department of Medical Entrepreneurship Faculty of Medicine Gulu University Gulu Uganda Department of Mental Health Faculty of Medicine Gulu University Gulu Uganda Department of public Health Faculty of Medicine Gulu University Gulu Uganda

Cervical cancer is a serious health concern in Uganda. Early screening and detection certainly improves chances of survival and treatment outcome. Sound knowledge and positive attitudes highly influence acceptability and uptake of screening methods. This descriptive cross-sectional study determines knowledge and attitudes towards Cervical Cancer screening amongst female out-patients aged 15 - 49 years, attending Health Centre IIIs in Oyam District, Northern Uganda. A systematically obtained sample of 445 respondents was interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires and focused group discussions. Quantitative data was analyzed using SpSS 16.0. Directed content analysis of themes of transcribed qualitative data was conducted manually. Of the 445 respondents, only 62.7% (n = 279) had heard of cervical cancer amongst which only 35.1% (n = 85) had been screened;13.7% (n = 34) did not know what screening was;3.7% (n = 9) were not sure and 5.8% (n = 14) knew it as removal of the cervix. Only 39.1% (n = 174) believed that cervical cancer can be prevented. There is still limited knowledge and lots of misconceptions about cervical cancer screening in the communities, which requires massive sensitization of the population at risk to change negative attitudes and maximize acceptability to screening methods.

关键词： Knowledge Attitudes Cervical Cancer Female Out-patients Screening

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Contrasting REE Signatures on Manganese Ores of Iron Ore Group in North Orissa, India

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Journal of Rare Earths 2007年第6期25卷 749-758页

作者： p.p.Mishra B.K.Mohapatra p.p.Singh Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology Bhubaneswar 751013 India post Graduate Department of Geology Utkal University Bhubaneswar 751004 India

The distribution pattern of Rare Earth Elements （REE） in three categories of manganese ores viz. stratiform, stratabound-replacement, and detrital of precambrian Iron Ore Group from north Orissa, India was reported. These categories of Mn-ore differed in their major and trace chemistry and exhibited contrasting REE signature. The stratiform ores were relatively enriched in ∑REE content （697 μg·g^-1） and their normalized pattern showed both positive Ce and Eu anomalies, whereas the stratabound-replacement types were comparatively depleted in ∑REE content （211 μg·g^-1） and showed negative Ce and flat Eu signatures. The detrital categories showed mixed REE pattern. The data plotted in different discrimination diagrams revealed a mixed volcaniclastic and chemogenic source of material for stratiform categories, and LREE （Light Rare Earth Elements） and HREE （Heavy Rare Earth Elements） are contributed by such sources, respectively. In contrast, the stratabound ore bodies were developed during the remobilization of stratiform ores, and associated Mncontaining rocks under supergene condition followed by the redeposition of circulating mineralized colloidal solutions in structurally favorable zones. During this process, some of the constituents were found only in very low concentration within stratabound ores, and this is attributed to their poor leachability/mobility. The detrital ores did not exhibit any significant characteristic in respect of REE as their development was via a complex combination of processes involving weathering, fragmentation, recementation, and burial under soil cover.

关键词： manganese ore REE normalization geochemistry Bonai-Keonjhar belt Orissa rare earths

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