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The history and future of the biological resources of the Caspian and the Aral Seas

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第6期36卷 2061-2084页

作者： N.V.ALADIN T.CHIDA Yu.S.CHUIKOV Z.K.ERMAKHANOV Y.KAWABATA J.KUBOTA p.micklin I.S.pLOTNIKOV A.O.SMUROV V.F.ZAITZEV Zoological Institute RAS St.-Petersburg 199034Russia Nagoya University of Foreign Studies Nisshin 470-0197Japan Astrakhan State University Astrakhan 414056Russia Aral Branch of Kazakh Research Institute of Fishery Aralsk 120100Kazakhstan Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Fuchu Tokyo 183-8509Japan National Institutes for the Humanities Tokyo 105-0001Japan Western Michigan University Kalamazoo 49008USA Astrakhan State Technical University Astrakhan 414056Russia

The term ‘biological resources' here means a set of organisms that can be used by man directly or indirectly for consumption. They are involved in economic activities and represent an important part of a country's raw material potential. Many other organisms are also subject to rational use and protection. They can be associated with true resource species through interspecific relationships. The Caspian and Aral Seas are continental water bodies, giant saline lakes. Both categories of species are represented in the benthic and pelagic communities of the Caspian and Aral Seas and are involved in human economic activities. The most important biological resource of the Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea is their ichthyofauna, represented by both aboriginal species and species introduced by man in the 20 th century. Among invertebrates, the main biological resource of these saline lakes is the brine shrimp A rtemia. The physical state of the Caspian as a water body is relatively stable but its biological resources are very seriously af fected by irrational use. The Aral Sea since the second half of the 20 t h century has experienced catastrophic anthropogenic regression, which has led to the almost complete loss of its biological resources due to salinization. However, thanks to efficacious engineering measures, it has now become possible to preserve its northern part(Small Aral) and rehabilitate it, lowering the salinity to its former state. The result has been the restoration of its fish biological resources. In the southern part of Aral(Large Aral), which turned into a group of separated hypersaline reservoirs, the only resource species currently available is the brine shrimp A rtemia. The main environmental threats for biological resources of the future Caspian and Aral as well as potential solutions are considered.

关键词： Caspian Sea Aral Sea biological resources fauna fish invertebrates

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