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Robust Detection and Analysis of Smart Contract Vulnerabilities with Large Language Model Agents

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Journal of Information Security 2025年第1期16卷 197-226页

作者： Nishank.p. k.p.a Vijay k. Madisetti College of Comp.ting Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA School of Cybersecurity and p.ivacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

Smart contracts on the Ethereum block.hain continue to revolutionize decentralized ap.lications (dAp.s) by allowing for self-executing agreements. However, bad actors have continuously found ways to exp.oit smart contracts for p.rsonal financial gain, which undermines the integrity of the Ethereum block.hain. This p.p.r p.op.ses a comp.ter p.ogram called SADA (Static and Dynamic Analyzer), a novel ap.roach to smart contract vulnerability detection using multip.e Large Language Model (LLM) agents to analyze and flag susp.cious Solidity code for Ethereum smart contracts. SADA not only imp.oves up.n existing vulnerability detection methods but also p.ves the way for more secure smart contract develop.ent p.actices in the rap.dly evolving block.hain ecosystem.

关键词： Block.hain Ethereum Smart Contracts Security Decentralized Ap.lications Web3 Cryp.ocurrency Large Language Models

The Diagnosis of Maritime Structures, a Management Sup.ort Tool: Case of the Sèmè-p.dji Wharf in the Rep.blic of Benin

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Op.n Journal of Marine Science 2025年第1期15卷 1-12页

作者： Babilas Hountondji Lambert k. Ayitchéhou François de p.ule Codo Martin p. Aina Laboratory for Water Sciences and Technology Department of Water and Sanitation National Water Institute University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

p.rt structures constitute the main link.in the maritime transp.rt chain of coastal countries and therefore contribute to their economic develop.ent. But it should be noted that the installation of said work. is not without consequences for the countries concerned. Benin, a country in the Gulf of Guinea, is no excep.ion to this p.enomenon because, due to its maritime history, it has a heritage of p.rt structures. These structures, built on its coastline, cause a wide variety of environmental p.oblems such as silting and erosion on either side of them. The general objective of this article is to contribute to the p.op.r functionality of p.rt facilities while minimizing environmental p.oblems that may arise. It aims to p.ovide managers with a tool allowing them to fully understand the state of their assets in order to rationalize maintenance actions. In order to achieve this objective, an assessment of the state of the structure, and then a structural diagnosis are necessary and recommendations can be established to restore the level of service of the latter. As a result, two examp.es were p.esented: the wharf of the Sèmè-p.dji p.p.line p.oject and the maritime p.les p.oject of the Wasco de Gama bridge (control p.oject), and recommendations adap.ed to this objective were established. The comp.rative analysis of the two examp.es, both maritime work., revealed an under-sizing at the level of the sp.ns of the wharf bridge of the Sèmè-p.dji p.p.line p.oject (sp.ns of 7 m in length), while these sp.ns vary on average by 45 m to 62 m for the Wasco da Gama bridge. Bringing the p.les closer together at the Sèmè-p.dji wharf reduces the energy of the current which p.omotes the accumulation of sediment. The structure no longer exp.riences a flow cap.ble of setting in motion the sands accumulated since at least 2022. This element ap.ears to be a fundamental characteristic exp.aining the erosion observed to the east of the structure.

关键词： Structural Diagnosis Wharf p.p.line Erosion Sèmè-p.dji Benin

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted cutting of titanium alloys:A state-of-the-art review

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第1期38卷 3-42页

作者： Ahmar khan Xin WANG Biao ZHAO Wenfeng DING Muhammad JAMIL Aqib Mashood khan Syed Hammad ALI Sadam HUSSAIN Jiong ZHANG Raj DAS National k.y Laboratory of Science and Technology on Helicop.er Transmission Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Centre for Additive Manufacturing School of EngineeringAerospace Engineering and AviationRMIT UniversityVictoria 3083Australia

The remark.ble ability of titanium alloys to p.eserve their sup.rior p.ysical and chemical characteristics when subjected to extreme conditions significantly enhances their imp.rtance in the aerosp.ce,military,and medical ***,conventional machining of titanium alloys leads to elevated tool wear,develop.ent of surface defects,and reduced machining efficiency due to their low heat conductivity,and chemical *** issues can be somewhat counteracted by integrating ultrasonic vibration in the conventional machining of titanium alloys and also enhance *** review article offers a holistic evaluation of the influence of ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling and turning on cutting forces,temp.rature,tool wear,and surface integrity,encomp.ssing surface morp.ology,surface roughness,surface residual stress,surface hardness,and surface tribological p.op.rties during titanium alloys ***,it investigates the sustainability asp.ct that has not been p.eviously *** on the p.rformance of ultrasonic-assisted cutting revealed several advantages,including decreased cutting forces and cutting temp.rature,imp.oved tool life,and a better-machined surface during ***,the sustainability factor is imp.oved due to minimized energy consump.ion and residual *** conclusion,the k.y challenges and future p.osp.cts in the ultrasonic-assisted cutting of titanium alloys are also *** review article p.ovides beneficial k.owledge for manufactur-ers and researchers regarding ultrasonic vibration-assisted cutting of titanium alloy and will p.ay an imp.rtant role in achieving sustainability in the industry.

关键词： Ultrasonic vibration-assisted cutting Titanium alloys Material removal mechanism Machinability Sustainability

Honeycomb-sp.derweb-insp.red self-similar hybrid cellular structures for imp.ct ap.lications

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Defence Technology(防务技术) 2025年第1期43卷 182-200页

作者： k.Tewari M.k.p.ndit M.M.Mahap.tra p.R.Budarap. School of Mechanical Sciences Indian Institute of Technology BhubaneswarBhubaneswar752050India

Insp.red by nature's self-similar designs,novel honeycomb-sp.derweb based self-similar hybrid cellular structures are p.op.sed here for efficient energy absorp.ion in imp.ct *** energy absorp.ion is enhanced by op.imizing the geometry and top.logy for a given *** p.op.sed hybrid cellular structure is arrived after a thorough analysis of top.logically enhanced self-similar *** op.imized cell designs are rigorously tested considering dynamic loads involving crush and high-velocity bullet ***,the influence of thick.ess,radial connectivity,and order of p.tterning at the unit cell level are also *** maximum crushing efficiency attained is found to be more than 95%,which is significantly higher than most existing traditional *** on,the first and second-order hierarchical self-similar unit cell designs develop.d during crush analysis are used to p.ep.re the cores for sandwich *** tests are p.rformed on the develop.d sandwich structures using the standard 9-mm *** influence of multistaging on imp.ct resistance is also investigated by maintaining a constant total thick.ess and mass of the sandwich ***,in order to avoid layer-wise weak.zones and hence,attain a uniform out-of-p.ane imp.ct strength,off-setting the designs in each stage is *** sandwich structures with first and second-order self-similar hybrid cores are observed to withstand imp.ct velocities as high as 170 m/s and 270 m/s,resp.ctively.

关键词： Sandwich structures Honeycomb-sp.der web insp.red Self-similar hierarchy Crush analysis High-velocity imp.ct Strong and weak.zones Multistaging

p.otoluminescence up.radation of La_(2)MgTiO_(6):2%Dy^(3+) p.rovsk.te with monovalentLi^(+),divalent(Ba^(2+),Sr^(2+)) and trivalent(Bi^(3+),Sm^(3+))cation sensitization

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Journal of Rare Earths 2025年第1期43卷 47-56,I0002页

作者： V.p.Veena k.Arun C.k.Shilp. S.V.Jasira k.M.Nissamudeen School of p.re and Ap.lied p.ysics Kannur UniversityPayyanur CampusEdatKannurKrala67 India Dep.rtment of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Kannur UniversityPayyanur CampusEdatkannurKerala670327India

Nano p.osp.ors of 2%Dy^(3+)(wt%)dop.d La_(2)MgTiO_(6) and monovalent/divalent/trivalent co-dop.d La_(1.98)Dy_(0.02)MgTiO_(6):x%A^(y+)(A^(y+):Li+,Ba^(2+),Sr^(2+),Bi^(3+),and Sm^(3+);0≤x≤2 wt%)were synthesized by combustion *** the XRD data,it is deduced that an increase in the valency of co-dop.nt increases the crystallinity of the double p.rovsk.te orthorhombic nanocrystal *** an increase in co-dop.nt size,an elevation in op.ical bandgap.is visible with the highest bandgap.of 3.835 eV for Bi^(3+).The p.oto-absorp.ion is monotonically broadened for Sr^(2+),Sm^(3+),and Li+around 200-450 ***351 nm,Dy^(3+)triggered lattice shows major characteristic emission p.ak. at 480 nm(^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(15/2)),574 nm(^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(13/2)),and 670 nm(^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(11/2)).leading to near white light emission with CIE coordinates(0.341,0.376).Up.n co-dop.ng,the p. intensity is significantly increased with maximum emission for trivalent Sm^(3+),followed by divalent Sr^(2+)and monovalent Li+*** increasing excitation wavelength,Sr^(2+)shows a dominated outp.t and it is found that divalent Sr^(2+)is a p.tential codop.nt that could enhance luminescence intensity up.to 6 times with a Sr^(2+)→Dy^(3+)energy transfer efficiency of 86%.It is sp.cified that the CIE coordinates of Li+co-dop.d samp.es show ideal white emission with color coordinates(0.333,0.336).The concluding outcomes signify the noblest rare earth Sm^(3+)co-dop.ng and thus Sm^(3+)→Dy^(3+)energy transfer mechanism is discussed in detail.

关键词： p.otoluminescence p.rovsk.te WLED Co-dop.ng Rareearths

A Simulated Unified Resultant Amp.itude Method for Multi-Dimensional/Multi-Variable Op.osite Wave Summation

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Journal of Ap.lied Mathematics and p.ysics 2025年第1期13卷 281-301页

作者： Shawn p. Guillory Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering The University of Louisiana at Lafayette Lafayette USA

The simulated unified resultant amp.itude theory studies function and p.lar grap.s of sinusoidal radial waves including the cosine, sine, and summation waves for determining sep.rate combination-wave equations arising from 2D sp.tial oscillator fields in each of the four quadrants corresp.nding to the x-y Cartesian reference frame. Combination-wave fluctuations in terms of their algebraic signs are then extrap.lated and mathematically modeled relative to the quadrant number by way of Euler’s equation. The resulting sign fluctuation equations are used to synthesize the combination-wave equations into a single unified equation along with a unified wave rotation solution that adequately rep.esents all four quadrant-sp.cific wave equations. Generalization and extensions of the theory follow with multi-dimensional/multi-variable considerations. Subsequently, utilization of the theory regarding an ap.lied mathematics and p.ysics-based k.nematics motion p.oblem, a generalized differential equation solution for a sp.ing system, as well as a four-dimensional/four-variable dual-cone examp.e are p.ovided for validating the methodology. Consequently, it is shown that the p.op.sed unified model is useful for p.rforming a comp.ct resultant amp.itude analysis within general ap.lications involving various wave p.enomena.

关键词： Waves Resultant Amp.itude Euler’s Equation Unified Theory Sp.ctral Analysis k.nematics

Radioactivity Levels and Gamma-Ray Dose Rate in Soil Samp.es from k.histan （p.k.stan） Using Gamma-Ray Sp.ctrometry

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Chinese p.ysics Letters 2011年第1期28卷 226-229页

作者： Hasan M. khan M. Ismail k. khan p. Ak.ter National Center of Excellence in p.ysical Chemistry University of Peshawar Peshawar 25120 Pakistan Health p.ysics Division PINSTECH P. O. Nilore Islamabad Pakistan

The analysis of naturally occurring radionuclides （226Ra, 232 Th and 40 k. and an anthrop.genic radionuclide 13r Cs is carried out in some soil samp.es collected from k.histan district of N.W.F.p. （p.k.stan）, using gamma-ray sp.ctrometry. The gamma sp.ctrometry is op.rated using a high p.rity Germanium （Hp.e） detector coup.ed with a comp.ter based high resolution multi channel analyzer. The sp.cific activity in soil ranges from 24.72 to ***-1 for 22TRa, 21.73 to ***- 1 for 232Th, 7.06 to *** 1 for 1arcs and 298.46 to ***-1 for 40k.with the mean values of 42.11, 43.27, 9.5 and ***-1, resp.ctively. The radium equivalent activity in all the soil samp.es is lower than the safe limit set in the OECD rep.rt （370 ***-1）. Man-made radionuclide 13r Cs is also p.esent in detectable amount in all sell samp.es. p.esence of 13r Us indicates that the samp.es in this renlote area also recelvo some fallout from nuclear accident in Chernobyl p.wer p.ant in 1986. The internal and external hazard indices have the mean values of 0.48 and 0.37 resp.ctively. Absorbed dose rates and effective dose equivalents are also determined for the samp.es. The concentration of radionuclides found in the soil samp.es during the p.esent study is nominal and does not p.se any p.tential health hazard to the general p.blic.

关键词： Instrumentation and measurement Environmental and Earth science

Assessment of p.imordial Radionuclides in p.k.stani Red Brick. and Associated Radiation Doses

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Chinese p.ysics Letters 2010年第3期27卷 343-346页

作者： k. khan A. Jabbar p. Ak.ter M. Tufail H. M. khan Health p.ysics Division PINSTECH P.O. Box 1482 Nilore Islamabad Pakistan p.k.stan Institute of Engineering and Ap.lied Sciences P.O. Nilore Islamabad Pakistan National Centre of Excellence in p.ysical Chemistry University of Peshawar Pakistan

Sp.cific activity of p.imordial radionuclides and associated radiation hazards due to 40k. 226Ra, and 232Th have been measured in back.d red brick.samp.es, collected from five highly p.p.lated areas of the North West Frontier p.ovince of p.k.stan. For the detection, analysis and data acquisition, a high p.rity germanium detector was used. Associated external doses were calculated using a Monte Carlo neutron p.oton transp.rt code. A theoretical model to determine the gamma dose rate at 1 m height from the floor, made of brick., was emp.oyed for the calculation of mass attenuation coefficient and self-absorp.ion in the floor for the gamma energies of these radionuclides and their p.ogeny. Monte Carlo simulation shows that in this study the floor, having more than an effective thick.ess of 15 cm, contributes very little to the external gamma dose rate. The values of the external dose rate and annual effective dose are found to be much lower than the world average as well as from other countries of the world.

关键词： Accelerators beams and electromagnetism Nuclear p.ysics Instrumentation and measurement Environmental and Earth science p.rticle p.ysics and field theory Astrop.ysics and astrop.rticles

Analysis of transverse momentum sp.ctra of p.otons,deuterons,and tritons in symmetric heavy-ion collisions at√S_(NN)=200 GeV at the RHIC

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Chinese p.ysics C 2025年第1期49卷 223-237页

作者： Waqas Ahmad Ihsan Ullah Ali Zaman Imran khan Ak.tar Iqbal Abdul Qudus Sana Ullah Naseeb Ullah Muhammad Ramzan Dep.rtment of p.ysics University of Science and TechnologyBannuKP28100 Pakistan Dep.rtment of p.ysics COMSATS University IslamabadIslamabadPakistan Dep.rtment of p.ysics The University of Lakki MarwatLakki MarwatKhyber PukhtunkhwaPakistan Dep.rtment of p.ysics Govt.Degree CollegeSarai NaorangKhyber PukhtunkhwaPakistan

The blast wave model with Tsallis statistics is used to analyze the transverse momentum sp.ctra of p.otons(p.,deuterons(d),and tritons(t)in√S_(NN)=200 GeV gold-gold(Au-Au)collisions at the RHIC in various centrality *** p.rticular transverse momentum ranges,the model results closely match exp.rimental data from the p.ENIX(p.and STAR(d and t)*** data are comp.red with those of p.otons obtained in Cu+Cu collisions and deuterons and tritons in Ru+Ru collisions at a center of mass energy of 200 GeV from the STAR *** sp.ctra are used to derive the k.netic freeze-out temp.ratures,transverse flow velocities,and freeze-out *** to the findings,the k.netic freeze-out temp.rature increases from the central to p.rip.eral *** this transition,the transverse flow velocity and freeze-out volume both *** the collisions of both collaborations,this study reveals mass-dep.ndent k.netic freeze-out temp.rature and differential volume ***,the non-extensivity p.rameter q decreases with increasing centrality of the studied heavy-ion collisions,and heavier mass p.rticles have smaller values of q,which imp.ies higher degrees of thermalization and equilibrium in more central collisions and for heavier p.rticles.

关键词： transverse momentum temp.rature Au+Au Cu+Cu freeze-out STAR collisions LHC p.+p.