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Unlocking hyp.glycemia–associated brain microvascular dysfunction:critical insights from p.oteomic analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1707-1708页

作者： Siva S.V.p.Sakamuri Anil Sakamuri Dep.rtment of Chemistry Auburn University at MontgomeryMontgomeryALUSA Vascular Biology Center and Dep.rtment of Medicine Medical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA

Hyp.glycemia-a critical comp.ication linked to w.rsened brain function in diabetic subjects:Hyp.glycemia is characterized by a decline in circulatory glucose levels below.sta nda rd p.ysiological *** hyp.glycemia,classified as level 1 hyp.glycemia,is defined by blood glucose levels below.70 mg/dL and can be effectively addressed through carbohydrate *** hyp.glycemia,denoted by blood glucose levels less than 54 mg/dL,p.ses a life-threatening risk if left *** w.th typ. 1 and typ. 2 diabetes undergoing insulin treatment are p.rticularly suscep.ible to hyp.glycemia due to imp.ired counterregulatory mechanisms.

关键词： imp.ired intake critical

Small molecule inhibitor DDQ-treated hip.ocamp.l neuronal cells show.imp.oved neurite outgrow.h and synap.ic branching

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2624-2632页

作者： Jangamp.lli Adi p.adeep.iran p.iyanka Raw.t Arubala p.Reddy Erika Orlov p.emachandra Reddy Dep.rtment of Internal Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA Dep.rtment of Nutritional Sciences College of Human SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Dep.rtment of p.armacology&Neuroscience Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA Dep.rtment of Neurology Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA Dep.rtment of Sp.ech Language and Hearing SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA Dep.rtment of p.blic Health Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA

The p.ocess of neurite outgrow.h and branching is a crucial asp.ct of neuronal develop.ent and *** and dendrites,sometimes referred to as neurites,are extensions of a neuron's cellular body that are used to start *** w. exp.ored the effects of diethyl(3,4-dihydroxyp.enethylamino)(quinolin-4-yl)methylp.osp.onate(DDQ)on neurite develop.ental features in HT22 neuronal *** this w.rk,w. examined the p.otective effects of DDQ on neuronal p.ocesses and synap.ic outgrow.h in differentiated HT22cells exp.essing mutant Tau(mTau)*** investigate DDQ chara cteristics,cell viability,biochemical,molecular,w.stern blotting,and immunocytochemistry w.re *** outgrow.h is evaluated through the segmentation and measurement of neural *** neural p.ocesses can be seen and measured w.th a fluorescence microscop. by manually tracing and measuring the length of the neurite *** neuronal p.ocesses can be observed and quantified w.th a fluorescent microscop. by manually tracing and measuring the length of the neuronal ***-treated mTau-HT22 cells(HT22 cells transfected w.th cDNA mutant Tau)w.re seen to disp.ay increased levels of synap.op.ysin,MAp.2,andβ-***,w. confirmed and noted reduced levels of both total and p.Tau,as w.ll as elevated levels of microtubule-associated p.otein 2,β-tubulin,synap.op.ysin,vesicular acetylcholine transp.rter,and the mitochondrial biogenesis p.otein-p. roxisome p.olife rator-activated recep.or-gamma coactivator-1α.In mTa u-exp.essed HT22 neurons,w. observed DDQ enhanced the neurite characteristics and imp.oved neurite develop.ent through increased synap.ic *** findings conclude that mTa u-HT22(Alzheimer's disease)cells treated w.th DDQ have functional neurite develop.ental chara *** key finding is that,in mTa u-HT22 cells,DDQ p.eserves neuronal structure and may even enhance nerve develop.ent function w.th mTa u inhibition.

关键词： diethyl(3 4-dihydroxyp.enethylamino)(quinolin-4-yl)methylp.osp.onate(DDQ) hip.ocamp.l neuronal cells HT22 neurite outgrow.h neuronal develop.ent small molecule

Adding new.dimension to non-directed C（sp.）–H functionalizations

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Konstantin p.Bryliakov Laboratory of Selective Oxidation Catalysis N.D.Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS

Alip.atic C–H group. are among the most abundant yet least reactive functional group. in organic molecules. Nature has evolved metalloenzymes such as those of the cytochrome p.50 sup.rfamily that efficiently activate individual tertiary（3） and secondary （2） C（sp.）–H bonds in comp.ex molecules w.th the highest level of regio-and stereoselectivity [1], thus encouraging studies aimed at engineering artificial metalloenzymes for synthetic ap.lications [2].

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From single to combinatorial therap.es in sp.nal cord injuries for structural and functional restoration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 660-670页

作者： Ernesto Doncel-p.rez Gabriel Guízar-Sahagún Israel Grijalva-Otero Hosp.tal Nacional de p.rap.éjicos de Toledo Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha(SESCAM)ToledoSpain Medical Research Unit for Neurological Diseases UMAE Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXIIMSSCiudad de MéxicoMéxico

Sp.nal cord injury results in p.ralysis, sensory disturbances, sp.incter dysfunction, and multip.e systemic secondary conditions, most arising from autonomic dysregulation. All this p.oduces p.ofound negative p.ychosocial imp.ications for affected p.op.e, their families, and their communities;the financial costs can be challenging for their families and health institutions. Treatments aimed at restoring the sp.nal cord after sp.nal cord injury, w.ich have been tested in animal models or clinical trials, generally seek to counteract one or more of the secondary mechanisms of injury to limit the extent of the initial damage. Most p.blished w.rks on structural/functional restoration in acute and chronic sp.nal cord injury stages use a single typ. of treatment: a drug or trop.ic factor, transp.ant of a cell typ., and imp.antation of a biomaterial. Desp.te the significant benefits rep.rted in animal models, w.en translating these successful therap.utic strategies to humans, the result in clinical trials has been considered of little relevance because the imp.ovement, w.en p.esent, is usually insufficient. Until now. most studies designed to p.omote neurop.otection or regeneration at different stages after sp.nal cord injury have used single treatments. Considering the occurrence of various secondary mechanisms of injury in the acute and sub-acute p.ases of sp.nal cord injury, it is reasonable to sp.culate that more than one therap.utic agent could be required to p.omote structural and functional restoration of the damaged sp.nal cord. Treatments that combine several therap.utic agents, targeting different mechanisms of injury, w.ich, w.en used as a single therap., have show. some benefits, allow.us to assume that they w.ll have synergistic beneficial effects. Thus, this narrative review.article aims to summarize current trends in the use of strategies that combine therap.utic agents administered simultaneously or sequentially, seeking structural and functional restoratio

关键词： neural regeneration neurop.otection sp.nal cord injury rep.ir sp.nal cord injury treatments structural restoration of sp.nal cord injury

Sp.stin and alsin p.otein interactome analyses begin to reveal key canonical p.thw.ys and suggest novel druggable targets

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 725-739页

作者： Benjamin R.Helmold Angela Ahrens Zachary Fitzgerald p.Hande Ozdinler Dep.rtment of Neurology Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery Center for Developmental TherapeuticsChemistry of Life Processes InstituteNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Feinberg School of Medicine Les Turner ALS Center at Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA

Develop.ng effective and long-term treatment strategies for rare and comp.ex neurodegenerative diseases is challenging. One of the major roadblocks is the extensive heterogeneity among p.tients. This hinders understanding the underlying disease-causing mechanisms and building solutions that have imp.ications for a broad sp.ctrum of p.tients. One p.tential solution is to develop.p.rsonalized medicine ap.roaches based on strategies that target the most p.evalent cellular events that are p.rturbed in p.tients. Esp.cially in p.tients w.th a know. genetic mutation, it may be p.ssible to understand how.these mutations contribute to p.oblems that lead to neurodegeneration. p.otein–p.otein interaction analyses offer great advantages for revealing how.p.oteins interact, w.ich cellular events are p.imarily involved in these interactions, and how.they become affected w.en key genes are mutated in p.tients. This line of investigation also suggests novel druggable targets for p.tients w.th different mutations. Here, w. focus on alsin and sp.stin, tw. p.oteins that are identified as “causative” for amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis and hereditary sp.stic p.rap.egia, resp.ctively, w.en mutated. Our review.analyzes the p.otein interactome for alsin and sp.stin, the canonical p.thw.ys that are p.imarily imp.rtant for each p.otein domain, as w.ll as comp.unds that are either Food and Drug Administration–ap.roved or are in active clinical trials concerning the affected cellular p.thw.ys. This line of research begins to p.ve the w.y for p.rsonalized medicine ap.roaches that are desp.rately needed for rare neurodegenerative diseases that are comp.ex and heterogeneous.

关键词： ALS2 alsin amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis hereditary sp.stic p.rap.egia neurodegenerative diseases p.rsonalized medicine p.ecision medicine p.otein interactome p.otein-p.otein interactions Sp.ST sp.stin

Influence of concentration and sintering temp.rature on luminescence p.op.rties of Eu^(3+):SnO_2 nanocrystallites

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Journal of Rare Earths 2012年第7期30卷 627-631页

作者： p. p.uja w. Strek Institute of Low.Temp.rature and Structure Research of p.lish Academy of Sciences

The nanop.w.ers of SnO2 dop.d w.th different Eu^3＋ concentrations w.re synthesized using the modified p.chini method. The Eu^3＋ concentrations w.re high above solubility limit. The average size of crystallites w.s controlled by the sintering temp.ratures. The structure and the morp.ology of obtained p.w.ers w.re examined using the XRD （X-ray diffraction） and TEM （transmission electron microscop.） analyses. The Eu2Sn2O7 p.ase sep.ration w.s observed at relatively high concentration of Eu^3＋ ions. The ZnS：Ag microp.w.ers w.re mixed w.th the Eu^3＋：SnO2 p.w.ers and their normalized emission w.s used to measure a relative efficiency of Eu3＋：SnO〉 The p.otoluminescence sp.ctra of mixed p.w.ers w.re measured in function of Eu^3＋ concentration and average size of nanocrystallites. The reference p.ak method w.s used for comp.rison of intensities of the samp.es and selection of op.imal one. The influence of the average grain size and Eu^3＋ concentration on the p.osp.or＇s efficiency w.s discussed. The p.esented results confirmed the rightness of synthesis of the Eu^3＋：SnO2 in form of nanocrystalites w.th relatively high Eu^3＋ concentration.

关键词： SnO2 nanocrystallites Eu^3+ luminescence p.osp.ors rare earths

Imp.cts of p.3K/p.otein kinase B p.thw.y activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to p.otective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón p.rez-Núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant typ. of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morp.ological and functional *** on their p.enotyp.c classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neurop.otective resp.nses,***,this binary classification does not fully cap.ure the diversity of astrocyte resp.nses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a comp.ex landscap. of gene exp.ession p.ofiles,w.ich emp.asizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively p.rticip.te in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting w.th microglia and other cell typ.s,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** p.osp.oinositide 3-kinase(p.3K)/p.otein kinase B(AKT)signaling p.thw.y is a central p.ayer in astrocyte reactivity and imp.cts various asp.cts of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,w.ere nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the p.o-inflammatory ***,w. review.the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling p.thw.ys that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the p.3K/AKT/mammalian target of rap.mycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/p.3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/p.3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the p.3K/AKT cellular signaling p.thw.y to control reactive astrocytes and p.event central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this p.thw.y could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the p.3K/AKT p.thw.y underscores its comp.exity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review.emp.asizes the imp.rtance of emp.oying astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neurop.otective neurotoxic p.osp.atidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

LES of film cooling for different jet fluids

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航空动力学报 2007年第4期22卷 521-530页

作者： p. Renze w. Schroeder M. Meinke Aerodynamisches Institut RWTH Aachen 52062 Aachen Germany

The p.esent p.p.r investigates the imp.ct of the velocity and density ratio on the turbulent mixing p.ocess in gas turbine blade film cooling.A cooling fluid is injected from an inclined p.p. at α=30° into a turbulent boundary layer p.ofile at a freestream Reynolds number of Re∞=*** jet-in-a-crossflow.JICF) p.oblem is investigated using large-eddy simulations(LES).The governing equations comp.ise the Navier-Stokes equations p.us additional transp.rt equations for several sp.cies to simulate a non-reacting gas mixture.A variation of the density ratio is simulated by the heat-mass transfer analogy,i.e.,gases of different density are effused into an an air crossflow.at a constant *** efficient large-eddy simulation method for low.subsonic flow. based on an imp.icit dual time-step.ing scheme combined w.th low.Mach number p.econditioning is *** numerical results and exp.rimental velocity data measured using tw.-comp.nent p.rticle-image velocimetry (p.V) are in excellent *** results show.the dynamics of the flow.field in the vicinity of the jet hole,i.e.,the recirculation region and the inclination of the shear layers,to be mainly determined by the velocity ***,evaluating the cooling efficiency dow.stream of the jet hole the mass flux ratio p.oves to be the dominant similarity p.rameter,i.e.,the density ratio betw.en the fluids and the velocity ratio have to be considered

关键词：航空推进系统仿真横向流动式喷气密度比速率冷却效率薄雾冷却

Do increasing resp.ratory costs exp.ain the decline w.th age of forest grow.h rate?

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第3期31卷 693-712页

作者： p.w.w.st Forest research centre southern cross universitylismorensw 2480australia

Once forests have achieved a full canop., their grow.h rate declines p.ogressively w.th age. This w.rk used a global data set w.th estimates from a w.de range of forest typ.s, aged 20-795 years, of their annual p.otosynthetic p.oduction(gross p.imary p.oduction, Gp.) and subsequent above-p.us below.ground biomass p.oduction(net p.imary p.oduction, Np.). Both Gp. and Np. increased w.th increasing mean annual temp.rature and p.ecip.tation. Gp. w.s then unrelated to forest age w.ilst Np. declined p.ogressively w.th increasing age. These results imp.ied that autotrop.ic resp.ration increases w.th age. It has been p.op.sed that Gp. should decline in resp.nse to increasing w.ter stress in leaves as w.ter is raised to greater heights as trees grow.taller w.th age. How.ver, trees may make substantial p.astic adjustment in mor p.ology and anatomy of new.y develop.ng leaves, xylem and fi ne roots to comp.nsate for this stress and maintain Gp. w.th age. This w.rk review. the p.ssibilities that Np. declines w.th age as resp.ratory costsincrease p.ogressively in, any or all of, the construction and maintenance of more comp.ex tissues, the maintenance of increasing amounts of live tissue w.thin the sap.ood of stems and coarse roots, the conversion of sap.ood to hear tw.od, the increasing distance of p.loem transp.rt, increased turnover rates of fine roots, cost of sup.orting very tall trees that are unable to comp.nsate fully for increased w.ter stress in their canop.es or maintaining alive comp.titively unsuccessful small trees.

关键词： p.imary p.oduction p.otosynthesis Resp.ration Biomass grow.h Ageing