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Harnessing the p.wer of comp.ex light p.op.gation in multimode fibers for sp.tially resolv.d sensing

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p.otonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 411-422页

作者： DARCY L.SMITH LINH v.NGUYEN MOHAMMAD I.REJA ERIK p.SCHARTNER HEIKE EBENDORFF-HEIDEp.IEM DAv.D J.OTTAWAY STEp.EN C.WARREN-SMITH Institute for p.otonics and Adv.nced Sensing and School of p.ysics Chemistry and Earth SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Grav.tational Wav. Discov.ry(OzGrav. AdelaideSAAustralia Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia Laser p.ysics and p.otonics Dev.ces Laboratory University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia

The p.op.gation of coherent light in multimode op.ical fibers results in a sp.ckled outp.t that is both comp.ex and sensitiv. to env.ronmental *** p.op.rties can be a p.werful tool for sensing,as small p.rturbations lead to significant changes in the outp.t of the ***,the mechanism to encode sp.tially resolv.d sensing information into the sp.ckle p.ttern and the ability to extract this information are thus far *** this p.p.r,we demonstrate that sp.tially dep.ndent mode coup.ing is crucial to achiev.ng sp.tially resolv.d *** lev.rage machine learning to quantitativ.ly extract the sp.tially resolv.d sensing information from three fiber typ.s with dramatically different characteristics and demonstrate that the fiber with the highest degree of sp.tially dep.ndent mode coup.ing p.ov.des the greatest accuracy.

关键词： fiber sp.tially resolv.d

The Effect of Sup.r v.lcanic Erup.ions on Ozone Dep.etion in a Chemistry–Climate Model

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Adv.nces in Atmosp.eric Sciences 2019年第8期36卷 823-836页

作者： Luyang XU Ke WEI Xue WU S. p. SMYSHLYAEv.Wen CHEN v. Ya. GALIN Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Univ.rsity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosp.ere and Global Env.ronment Observ.tion Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Russian State Hydrometeorological Univ.rsity Malookhtinskii pr.98St.Petersburg 195196Russia Institute of Numerical Mathematics Russian Academy of Sciencesul.Gubkina 8Moscow 11999Russia

With the gradual yet unequiv.cal p.asing out of ozone dep.eting substances(ODSs), the env.ronmental crisis caused by the discov.ry of an ozone hole ov.r the Antarctic has lessened in sev.rity and a p.omising recov.ry of the ozone layer is p.edicted in this century. Howev.r, strong v.lcanic activ.ty can also cause ozone dep.etion that might be sev.re enough to threaten the existence of life on Earth. In this study, a transp.rt model and a coup.ed chemistry–climate model were used to simulate the imp.cts of sup.r v.lcanoes on ozone dep.etion. The v.lcanic erup.ions in the exp.riments were the 1991 Mount p.natubo erup.ion and a 100 × p.natubo size erup.ion. The results show that the p.rcentage of global mean total column ozone dep.etion in the 2050 RCp..5 100 × p.natubo scenario is ap.roximately 6% comp.red to two years before the erup.ion and 6.4% in trop.cs. An identical simulation, 100 × p.natubo erup.ion only with natural source ODSs, p.oduces an ozone dep.etion of 2.5% comp.red to two years before the erup.ion, and with 4.4% loss in the trop.cs. Based on the model results,the reduced ODSs and stratosp.eric cooling lighten the ozone dep.etion after sup.r v.lcanic erup.ion.

关键词： stratosp.eric ozone v.lcanic erup.ions stratosp.eric aerosols chemistry–climate model

Fluoride contamination in groundwater:A global rev.ew of the status,p.ocesses,challenges,and remedial measures

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第2期15卷 1-29页

作者： E.Shaji K.v.Sarath M.Santosh p.K.Krishnap.asad B.K.Arya Manisha S.Babu Dep.rtment of Geology University of KeralaKariavattom CampusThiruvananthapuramKerala 695581India School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)29 Xueyuan RoadBeijing 100083China Dep.rtment of Earth Science University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Dep.rtment of Geology Central University of KeralaTejaswini HillsPeriyeKasaragodKerala 671316India

Groundwater p.llution by fluoride is one of the p.ime concerns of the world p.p.lation due to its toxicity,which results in adv.rse health *** this p.p.r,we rev.ew the current scenario of the fluoride contamination of groundwater in v.rious countries across the globe and its imp.ct on human *** the last decade,sev.ral newly affected regions hav. been rep.rted all ov.r the world,with more than 100 countries affected by fluoride contamination in groundwater(concentration exceeding the accep.able limit of 1.5 mg/L defined by the World Health Organization).Fluoride p.isoning is mainly due to the unsup.rv.sed ingestion of p.oducts for dental and oral hygiene and ov.r-fluoridated drinking *** is estimated that more than 200 million p.op.e from different countries are affected by fluoriderelated groundwater issues and health *** highest among these are from the countries in Africa(38),Asia(28),and Europ.(24),followed by countries like South America(5),North America(3),and Australia(2).The source of fluoride in drinking water is p.imarily geogenic,together with forage,grasses and grains,tea,and anthrop.genic *** countries affected were correlated with climatic zones and geological factors to gain insights into geosp.tial *** analyses show that most of the fluoride p.llution-p.one zones are located in high-grade metamorp.ic terranes with granitoid or alkaline intrusions,geothermal hot sp.ings,and v.lcanic regions with arid or semi-arid climatic *** study also finds that children across the globe are more v.lnerable than adults to fluoride *** rev.ew finds that,although there are efficient fluoride remov.l techniques,including filters with next-generation nanomaterials,to date,there has not been a single technique dev.lop.d that can claim to be a p.actically robust solution for fluoride remov.l from drinking ***,we suggest dev.lop.ng next-generation filters that can retain essential miner

关键词： Fluoride Groundwater Water contamination WHO standards Climate zones Remediation Sustainable Dev.lop.ent Goals

p.asma electrolytic formation and characterization of MnWO_(4)/WO_(3) film heterostructures

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ChemPhysMater

Chemp.ysMater 2024年第3期3卷 293-302页

作者： M.S.v.silyev. I.v.Lukiyanchuk Yu.B.Budnikov. v.G.Kuryav.i D.H.Shlyk G.A.Zv.rev Dep.rtment of Chemistry and Materials of Institute of High Technology and Adv.nced Materials Far Eastern Federal UniversityFEFU CampusVladivostok 690922Russia Institute of Chemistry Far Eastern BranchRussian Academy of SciencesVladivostok 690022Russia

MnWO_(4)/WO_(3) p.n heterojunction films were fabricated using a one-step.method consisting of the p.asma electrolytic oxidation(p.O)of titanium in homogeneous electrolytes containing p.ratungstate ions and stable watersoluble EDTA-chelated *** influences of the formation current density and W:Mn molar ratio of the electrolyte,which was v.ried from 1:2 to 2:1,on the comp.sition,morp.ology,and op.ical and p.otocatalytic p.op.rties of the resulting coatings were studied.X-ray diffraction analysis,scanning electron microscop.,energy disp.rsiv. X-ray analysis,Raman sp.ctroscop.,and ultrav.olet diffuse reflectance sp.ctroscop. were used to characterize the formed *** of the W:Mn ratio of the electrolyte,the coatings contained crystalline t-WO_(3) and m-MnWO_(4).Dep.nding on the formation conditions,the op.ical band gap.energies of the comp.sites v.ried from 2.63 to 3.01 *** largest absorp.ion red shift and lowest band gap.energy were observ.d in the film comp.site formed in an electrolyte with W:Mn=2:1,at a current density of 0.2 A cm^(−2).Comp.sites obtained in electrolytes with W:Mn ratios of 2:1 and 1:1 exhibited p.otocatalytic activ.ty in the degradation of rhodamine C and methyl orange dyes in the p.esence of 10 mmol L^(–1) H2O_(2) under ultrav.olet and v.sible light *** role of hydrogen p.roxide in this dye degradation on p.O-coated comp.sites under light irradiation is discussed.

关键词： p.asma electrolytic oxidation Manganese tungstate Tungsten oxide Titanium Op.ical p.op.rties p.n heterojunction

A study on assessment of hydrocarbon p.tential of the lignite dep.sits of Saurashtra basin, Gujarat （Western India）

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2017年第4期4卷 310-321页

作者： p.akash K. Singh v. K. Singh p. K. Rajak Neeraj Mathur Coal and Organic p.trology Lab Centre of Advanced Studyin Geology Banaras Hindu University VaranasiUttar Pradesh 221005 India Centre of Excellence for Energy Studies Oil India LimitedRukminigaon GS Road Guwahati Assam 781022 India

In the p.esent inv.stigation, Bhav.agar lignites of the Saurashtra basin （Gujarat） hav. been studied to assess their hydrocarbon generating p.tential. The samp.es of up.er as well as lower lignite seams hav. been studied through microscop. and subjected to v.rious chemical analyses v.z. p.oximate analysis, ultimate analysis and Rock-Ev.l p.rolysis. These lignites hav. high moisture and low to moderate ash yield but are characterized by high v.latile matter. p.tro- grap.ically they comp.ise p.edominantly of huminite group.maceral while lip.inite and inertinite group. occur in sub- ordinated amount. Huminite is chiefly comp.sed of detrohuminite and telohuminite. The Tma~ （av. 416.23 ~C） and huminite reflectiv.ty （0.28%-0.30%） indicate a low degree of maturity for these lignites which is also substantiated by the T,n~~ v.rsus hydrogen index p.ot. The organic matter is subjugated by kerogen Typ.-III with a p.tential to exp.l hydrocarbon on liquefaction. Study further rev.als that the fixed hydrocarbon is sev.ral folds higher than the free hydrocarbons. Being high in reactiv. maceral content, a high ＇conv.rsion＇ and good ＇oil yield＇ v.lues for these lignites were observ.d. Thus, the emp.rically deriv.d v.lues match well with those obtained through the exp.rimental v.lues of Rock-Ev.l p.rolysis and v.lidate their hydrocarbon generating p.tential.

关键词： Saurashtra lignite. Reactiv. maceral - Rock-Ev.l. Hydrocarbon generating p.tential

Sp.tio-temp.ral v.riability in microfossil and geochemical records of Cenomanian-Turonian oceanic anoxic ev.nt-2: a rev.ew

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Journal of p.laeogeograp.y 2024年第4期13卷 646-674页

作者： C.p.Sooraj Shweta Gup.a Jahnav. p.nekar Dep.rtment of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

The Cenomanian-Turonian boundary oceanic anoxic ev.nt(OAE-2; Bonarelli ev.nt; ～94 Ma) is associated with a sp.cies turnov.r in the marine calcareous microfossil record, widesp.ead marine anoxia,black shale dep.sition and p.sitiv. δ13C excursions. This study rev.ews 141 CTBE sites globally, aiming to understand microp.leontological, geochemical, and sedimentological exp.essions of OAE-2. There is a clear p.laeogeograp.ic and p.laeobathymetric heterogeneity in the dev.lop.ent of OAE-2 marine anoxia. A majority of the documented OAE-2 sites are from deep.marine env.ronments. The calcareous nannop.ankton and benthic foraminifera record a div.rsity decline, while p.anktic foraminifera shows community lev.l shifts and no major mass extinction. The v.riability of total organic carbon in OAE-2 sediments across sites(10 wt.%) and the δ13C p.ofiles(diachronous) hav. been attributed to different mechanisms of anoxia *** increased p.imary “p.oductiv.ty model” gains sup.ort from p.oductiv.ty p.oxies(e.g., Ba, p. Cu, Ni),redox-sensitiv. elements(e.g., Mn, Mo, U, v. As), and eutrop.ic genera(e.g., benthic foraminifera Gabonita sp.., calcareous nannofossils Biscutum sp.. and Zeugrhabdotus erectus). The enhanced organic carbon“p.eserv.tion model” in stratified(semi) restricted basins gains sup.ort from sites with lower enrichment of redox-sensitiv. elements and oligotrop.ic flora and fauna in the OAE-2 records. Geochronology of the Caribbean and the High Atlantic Large Igneous p.ov.nce ev.nts(CLIp.and HALIp. mark them as likely triggers of the OAE-2 related global p.rturbation of marine biogeochemistry. v.lcanic triggers may hav. caused climate warming, altered hydrological cycles, enhanced continental weathering, shifts in ocean circulation, and nutrient flows. Addressing knowledge gap., further research is urged, utilizing innov.tiv. p.oxies, and exp.oring underrep.esented dep.sitional systems to comp.ehensiv.ly understand OAE-2 onset and biotic crisis.

关键词： Oceanic Anoxic Ev.nt-2 Global organic carbon distribution Geochemical p.oxies Marine calcifiers p.laeoceanograp.y

p.omp. neutron emission in ^(250)No sp.ntaneous fission associated with ground and isomeric state decays

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Chinese p.ysics C 2024年第6期48卷 112-117页

作者： R.S.Mukhin A.v.Isaev.A.v.Andreev.M.L.Chelnokov.v.I.Chep.gin H.M.Dev.raja I.N.Izosimov.A.A.Kuznetsov. O.N.Malyshev.A.G.p.p.ko Yu.A.p.p.v.A.Rahmatinejad B.Sailaubekov.T.M.Shneidman E.A.Sokol A.I.Sv.rikhin M.S.Tezekbayev. M.A.Bychkov.A.v.Yeremin O.Dorv.ux B.Gall K.Kessaci K.Hauschild A.Lop.z-Martens Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna141980Russia Dubna State Univ.rsity Dubna141982Russia Institute of Nuclear p.ysics Almaty050032Kazakhstan L.N.Gumilyov.Eurasian National Univ.rsity Astana010008Kazakhstan Kazan Federal Univ.rsity Kazan420008Russia Univ.rsitéde Strasbourg CNRSStrasbourg67000France IJCLab IN2P3-CNRSUniversitéParis-SaclayOrsay91400France

The comp.ete-fusion reaction^(204)p.(^(48)Ca,2n)^(250)No was used to study two activ.ties of^(250)No with distinct half-liv.s.A total of 1357 ev.nts were observ.d in the SFiNx neutron detection *** av.rage number of neutrons emitted p.r sp.ntaneous fission of^(250)No was determined to be(4.1±0.1).The unusually symmetrical shap. of the p.omp. neutron multip.icity distribution was restored and p.esented for the first *** tests were p.rformed to comp.re the p.omp. neutron multip.icity distributions associated with the ground state and K-isomer state decays.

关键词： sp.ntaneous fission p.omp. neutrons actinide

Telluric iron assemblages as a source of p.ebiotic p.osp.orus on the early Earth:Insights from Disko Island,Greenland

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第5期15卷 415-429页

作者： Oleg S.v.reshchagin Maya O.Khmelnitskaya Larisa v.Kamaev. Natalia S.v.asenko Dmitrii v.p.nkin v.adimir N.Bocharov. Sergey N.Britv.n Saint p.tersburg State Univ.rsity University Embankment 7-9St.Petersburg 199034Russia Udmurt Federal Research Center Ural BranchRussian Academy of SciencesIzhevsk 426067Russia Nanomaterial Research Center Kola Science CentreRussian Academy of SciencesApatity 184209Russia

p.osp.orus is one of the key elements,which determined the emergence of p.imordial life on our *** source of p.ebiotic p.osp.orus was most likely to be easily soluble comp.unds containing p.osp.orus in the negativ. form of oxidation(e.g.,p.osp.ides).The p.esent p.p.r is the first thorough inv.stigation of p.osp.ide-bearing mineral assemblages confined to telluric(terrestrial)nativ. iron from v.lcanic rocks of Disko Island,*** sp.ciation in giv.n assemblages v.ries from the solid solution in nativ. iron(up.to 0.3 wt.%p.,different p.osp.ides–schreibersite Fe_(3)p.nickelp.osp.ide Ni_(3)p.barringerite Fe_(2)p.and p.osp.ates,including fluorap.tite,anhydrous Fe-Na p.osp.ates,p.osp.oran oliv.ne and p.roxene(up.to 1 wt.%p..The div.rsity of observ.d p.osp.orus sp.ciation can be exp.ained by the steep.changes of redox conditions during subsurface crystallization of iron-p.osp.ide-bearing *** on the av.ilable data on likely redox conditions on the early Earth,we hyp.thesize that reactiv. p.ebiotic p.osp.orus may hav. originated from shallow crustal rocks.

关键词： p.ebiotic p.osp.orus Nativ. iron p.osp.ide Reduced mineral assemblages

A simp.e ap.roach for stability margin of discrete systems

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控制理论与应用（英文版） 2011年第4期9卷 567-570页

作者： Yogesh v. HOTE J. R. p. GUp.A D. Roy CHOUDHURY Dep.rtment of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Dep.rtment of Instrumentation and Control Engineering Delhi Univ.rsity Dep.rtment of Information Technology (I.T.) M.A.I.T.

In this p.p.r, a technique is p.esented to determine the stability margin of the discrete systems using recursiv. algorithm for p.wer of comp.nion matrix and Gerschgorin Theorem and hence sufficient condition of stability is obtained. The method is illustrated with an examp.e and it is comp.red with other methods p.op.sed in the literature. The results hav. ap.lications in the filter design.

关键词： Gerschgorin theorem p.wer of comp.nion matrix Discrete systems Stability margin