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Neutronic analysis of Indian helium-cooled solid breeder tritium breeding module for testing in ITER

plasma Science and Technology 2022年第6期24卷 189-195页

作者： H L SWAMI Deepak SHARMA C DANANI p chaudhari R SRINIVASAN Rajesh KUMAR Institute for plasma Research Gandhinagar 382428India Homi Bhabha National Institute AnushaktinagarMumbai 400094India

India has proposed the helium-cooled solid breeder blanket concept as a tritium breeding module to be tested in *** module has lithium titanate for tritium breeding and beryllium for neutron *** also enhances tritium breeding.A design for the module is prepared for detailed *** analysis is performed to assess the tritium breeding rate,neutron distribution,and heat distribution in the *** tritium production distribution in submodules is evaluated to support the tritium transport *** tritium breeding density in the radial direction of the module is also assessed for further optimization of the *** heat deposition profile of the entire module is generated to support the heat removal circuit *** estimated neutron spectrum in the radial direction also provides a more in-depth picture of the nuclear interactions inside the material *** total tritium produced in the HCSB module is around 13.87 mg per full day of operation of ITER,considering the 400 s ON time and 1400 s dwell *** estimated nuclear heat load on the entire module is around 474 kW,which will be removed by the high-pressure helium cooling *** heat deposition in the test blanket model(TBM)is huge(around 9 GJ)for an entire day of operation of ITER,which demonstrates the scale of power that can be produced through a fusion reactor *** per the Brayton cycle,it is equivalent to 3.6 GJ of electrical *** terms of power production,this would be around 1655 MWh *** evaluation is carried out using the MCNp5 Monte Carlo radiation transport code and FEDNL 2.1 nuclear cross section *** HCSB TBM neutronic performance demonstrates the tritium production capability and high heat deposition.

关键词： HCSB TBM tritium nuclear heat ITER

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Impact of some chlorinated pesticides on the haematology of the fish Cyprinus carpio and puntius ticto

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第4期16卷 631-634页

作者： Shanta Satyanarayan Rajesh S. Bejankiwar p.R. chaudhari J.p.Kotangale Ahana Satyanarayan National Environmental Engineering Research Institute(NEERI) Department of Civil & Environmental EngineeringNational Environmental Engineering Research Institute(NEERI)National Environmental Engineering Research Institute(NEERI)Government Medical College Nagpur 440020 India University of Windsor Windsor N9B 3P4 Ontario Canada Nagpur 440020 India Nagpur 440020 India Nagpur 440025 India

The effects of pesticides on blood characteristics and histological changes in erythrocytes of the fish species Cyprinus carpio and puntius ticto were studied. The fishes were exposed to sub lethal concentrations of different chlorinated pesticides namely aldrin, dieldrin, DDT, BHC and chlordane for 10, 20 and 30 d in continuous flow-through test. The LC 50 values were calculated based on acute toxicity tests and the sublethal doses were arrived at for chronic bioassay studies. Results showed an increase in haemoglobin content of both Cyprinus carpio and puntius ticto in case of aldrin and dieldrin. Haemoglobin content reduced from an initial 13 g/100 ml to 8.07 and 10.15 g/100 ml in case of Cyprinus at the end of ten days exposure to aldrin and dieldrin respectively, and gradually increased to 8.7 g/100 ml and 10.15 g/100 ml after 20 d of exposure. The haemoglobin content after 30 d exposure to aldrin and dieldrin was 10.15 g/100 ml and 11.6 g/100 ml respectively. In case of puntius ticto, the haemoglobin content in control fishes recorded was 12.8 g/100 ml while in case of fish exposed to aldrin, the haemoglobin content reduced initially on ten days exposure to 10.15 g/100 ml and increased to 11.6 g/100 ml and 13.0 g/100 ml during twenty days and thirty days exposure respectively. This trend was also observed with dieldrin in both the fishes studied. Red blood cells were also counted in case of all the pesticides and exposure periods with respect to Cyprinus carpio and puntius ticto. Irrespective of the species and pesticide, the RBC counts uniformly showed decreasing trend with the increase in exposure period, while packed cell volume, pCV(%) showed increasing trend with respect to increase in exposure period in case of aldrin and dieldrin in both the fishes. But DDT, BHC and chlordane showed decreasing trend in pCV(%) values with increasing periods of exposure.

关键词： histology aldrin dieldrin DDT BHC chlordane

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Variation in the Flaring potential of Different Sunspot Groups During Different phases of Solar Cycles 23 and 24

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第2期24卷 144-153页

作者： Abha Singh Anurag chaudhari Gyaneshwar Sharma A.K.Singh Department of physics T.D.P.G.College Jaunpur-222002India Department of physics Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi-221005India

In this present study,we have analyzed different types of X-ray solar flares(C,M,and X classes)coming out from different classes of sunspot groups(SSGs).The data which we have taken under this study cover the duration of 24 yr from 1996 to *** this,we observed a total of 15015 flares(8417 in SC-23 and 6598 in SC-24)emitted from a total of 33780 active regions(21746 in SC-23 and 12034 in SC-24)with sunspot *** defined the flaring potential or flare-production potential as the ratio of the total number of flares produced from a particular type of SSG to the total number of the same-class SSGs observed on the solar *** we studied yearly changes in the flaring potential of different McIntosh class groups of sunspots in different phases of SC-23 and *** addition,we investigated yearly variations in the potential of producing flares by different SSGs(A,B,C,D,E,F,and H)during different phases(ascending,maximum,descending,and minimum)of SC-23 and *** are our findings:(1)D,E,and F SSGs have the potential of producing flares≥8 times greater than A,B,C and H SSGs;(2)The larger and more complex D,E,and F SSGs produced nearly 80%of flares in SC-23 and 24;(3)The A,B,C and H SSGs,which are smaller and simpler,produced only 20%of flares in SC-23 and 24;(4)The biggest and most complex SSGs of F-class have flaring potential 1.996 and 3.443 per SSG in SC-23 and 24,respectively.(5)The potential for producing flares in each SSG is higher in SC-24 than in SC-23,although SC-24 is a weaker cycle than SC-23.(6)The alterations in the number of flares(C+M+X)show different time profiles than the alterations in sunspot numbers during SC-23 and 24,with several peaks.(7)The SSGs of C,D,E,and H-class have the highest flaring potential in the descending phase of both SC-23 and 24.(8)F-class SSGs have the highest flaring potential in the descending phase of SC-23 but also in the maximum phase of SC-24.

关键词： (Sun:)sunspots-Sun flares-Sun activity-Sun magnetic fields-Sun filaments-prominences

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两相区各相激活能对Zr-2.5Nb-0.5Cu合金本构方程的影响（英文）

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2017年第1期27卷 172-183页

作者： K.K.SAXENA S.K.JHA V.pANCHOLI G.p.chaudhari D.SRIVASTAVA G.K.DEY N.SAIBABA Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkee-247667UttarakhandIndia Nuclear Fuel Complex Limited Hyderabad-501301India Materials Science Division Bhabha Atomic Research CenterMumbai-40085India Department of Mechanical Engineering Insitute of Engineering and TechnologyGLA UinversityMathura-281406Uttar PradeshIndia

通过计算Zr-2.5Nb-0.5Cu合金两相区各相激活能,研究该合金在热变形过程中的主要存在相。在温度为700~925°C、应变速率为10^(-2)~10^(-3) s^(-1)的条件下对Zr-2.5Nb-0.5Cu合金进行热机械压缩实验。单相流动应力推广用于两相区各相流动... 详细信息

通过计算Zr-2.5Nb-0.5Cu合金两相区各相激活能,研究该合金在热变形过程中的主要存在相。在温度为700~925°C、应变速率为10^(-2)~10^(-3) s^(-1)的条件下对Zr-2.5Nb-0.5Cu合金进行热机械压缩实验。单相流动应力推广用于两相区各相流动应力的计算,然后利用所得两相区流动应力数据来计算各相的激活能。对计算所得激活能数据进行比较可知,α相为两相区的主要相(形变控制相)。根据形变温度范围或各相存在形式,采用正弦双曲线型本构方程建立了合金的本构方程。统计学分析结果表明,从相关系数(R)和平均相对误差(AARE)考虑,采用为某特定相建立的本构方程所得计算结果与实验结果相符。

关键词： Zr-2.5Nb-0.5Cu合金热变形激活能本构方程两相材料

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榕属植物提取物止泻作用的研究(英文)

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中西医结合学报 2012年第3期10卷 347-352页

作者： Vikas V.patil Shandavi C.Bhangale prashant J.chaudhari Kundan p.chaudhari Rajanikant T.Kakade Vinod M.Thakare Chandrakant G.Bonde Vijay R.patil Department of pharmaceutical Chemistry Tapi Valley Education Society's Honorable Loksevak MadhukarraoChaudhari College of Pharmacy School of pharmacy and Technology Management Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies University

目的:印度贾尔贡地区森林里的榕属植物多年来被当地人用来治疗腹泻。本研究根据当地人的用药传统选取3类榕属植物的特定部位来研究它们对不同大鼠腹泻模型的治疗及缓解作用。方法:不限性别地选取体质量在180~200 g的Wistar大鼠240只,在... 详细信息

目的:印度贾尔贡地区森林里的榕属植物多年来被当地人用来治疗腹泻。本研究根据当地人的用药传统选取3类榕属植物的特定部位来研究它们对不同大鼠腹泻模型的治疗及缓解作用。方法:不限性别地选取体质量在180~200 g的Wistar大鼠240只,在每个独立实验中,大鼠分别被分为8组,每组10只。通过蓖麻油诱导大鼠腹泻、大鼠胃肠蠕动测试及前列腺素E2诱导大鼠小肠淤积的3个独立实验来评估孟加拉榕树树皮、聚果榕树叶以及无花果叶的乙醇提取物治疗腹泻的作用。结果:孟加拉榕树树皮、聚果榕树叶和无花果叶的提取物具有显著抑制由蓖麻油诱发的大鼠腹泻及前列腺素诱导的大鼠小肠淤积的作用。当给予大鼠400、600 mg/kg的乙醇提取物时,腹泻显著减少。与标准对照药组对比,服用3种植物乙醇提取物的大鼠表现出显著的剂量依赖性腹泻缓解现象(pp<0.01)。所有的植物提取物具有显著减缓木炭餐在大鼠小肠内的推进速度并抑制由前列腺素E2引起的大鼠小肠淤积的作用。结论:印度贾尔贡地区的榕属植物具有止泻作用。这些植物的作用机制主要通过解痉和抗小肠淤积来缓解腹泻,这可能与榕属植物的乙醇提取物内含有鞣酸及类黄酮有关。

关键词：止泻药榕属植物皮植物叶植物提取物大鼠

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Residue recycling options and their implications for sustainable nitrogen management in rice–wheat agroecosystems

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Ecological processes 2023年第4期12卷 91-109页

作者： Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj Kapil Malik Manu Rani Uttam Kumar Mandal Nirmalendu Basak Awtar Singh Rajender Kumar Yadav Suresh Kumar chaudhari Dinesh Kumar Sharma Central Soil Salinity Research Institute Central Soil Salinity Research Institute Regional Research Station Indian Council of Agricultural Research

Background In the Indo-Gangetic plain, rice–wheat is the most extensively practiced crop rotation. The escalating issue of crop residue burning, particularly rice straw, and the necessity to lower the exorbitant expenses associated with fertilizer inputs stand out as significant challenges for farmers in the region. A well-suited integrated nutrient management（INM） strategy that focuses on recycling crop residues can serve as a solution to address these issues. Such a strategy not only mitigates air pollution resulting from residue burning but also helps combat water pollution due to nitrate losses from agroecosystems. Field experiments were used to evaluate the suitability of eight INM-modules that included various combinations of inorganic fertilizer rates（50%, 100%, 150% of recommended dose）, crop residues（wheat and rice stubble retention at 30 cm standing stubble equivalent to 1/3 the straw yield）, rice straw compost（RSC）, farmyard manure（FYM）, and green manuring（GM）, compared to 100% recommended dose of fertilizers（F） and no fertilizer *** There was a considerable improvement in nitrogen mineralization, grain yields, and nitrogen use efficiency under GM + RSC-F50 and GM + FYM-F50. These INM modules would permit a 50% reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers. There was a little yield penalty with in situ rice residue incorporation at 100% F; however, this could be overcome with 150% F fertilizer application. In situ retention of wheat straw with a full application of fertilizer resulted in steadily rising crop yields over time. Changes in the redox potential, soil p H, and soil organic carbon best accounted for the observed trajectories in nitrogen use *** The most promising INM modules for adoption by farmers in the Indo-Gangetic plain to judiciously use crop residues and curtail chemical fertilizer inputs are green manuring with Sesbania aculeata + rice straw compost at 5 t ha-1+ only 50% of recommended dose of fertilizers

关键词： Rice–wheat Nitrogen use efficiency Sustainable nitrogen management index Crop residue Rice straw compost

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A GFp-based bacterial biosensor with chromosomally integrated sensing cassette for quantitative detection of Hg(Ⅱ) in environment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第5期24卷 963-968页

作者： Himanshu priyadarshi Absar Alam Gireesh-Babu p Rekha Das pankaj Kishore Shivendra Kumar Aparna chaudhari College of Fisheries (CAU) Lembucherra Tripura 799210 India Department of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Central Institute of Fisheries Education Department of Fish processing Technology Central Institute of Fisheries Education Department of Fish Nutrition and Biochemistry Central Institute of Fisheries Education Krishi Vigyan Kendra Rajendra Agricultural University

A mercury biosensor was constructed by integrating biosensor genetic elements into E. coli JM109 chromosome in a single copy number, using the attp/attB recombination mechanism of λ phage. The genetic elements used include a regulatory protein gene （merR） along with operator/promoter （O/p） derived from the mercury resistance operon from pDU1358 plasmid of Serratia marcescens. The expression of reporter gene gfp is also controlled by merR/O/p. Integration of the construct into the chromosome was done to increase the stability and precision of the biosensor. This biosensor could detect Hg（Ⅱ） ions in the concentration range of 100–1700 nmol/L, and manifest the result as the expression of GFp. The GFp expression was significantly different （p 0.05） for each concentration of inducing Hg（Ⅱ） ions in the detection range, which reduces the chances of misinterpretation of results. A model using regression method was also derived for the quantification of the concentration of Hg（Ⅱ） in water samples.

关键词： attp/attB integration E. coli biosensor GFp mercury

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Formulation and characterization of extruded and spheronized pellets using pectin and crosslinking agents

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Journal of Chinese pharmaceutical Sciences 2014年第11期23卷 790-798页

作者： pallavi M.chaudhari pravin D.chaudhari padmashree Dr.D.Y.patil College of pharmacy Akurdi Pune-411044 India p.E.Society's Modern College of pharmacy NigdiPune-411044 India

The aim of this study was to prepare pellets of gliclazide by extrusion spheronization process by use of two methods in situ cross linking method and interfacial complexation method and to study the effect of different cross linking agents on the formed pellets. Extrusion/spheronization being an established technique for producing spherical pellets so this technique was used to prepare pellets. The gliclazide pellets prepared by extrusion-spheronization techniques and then the formed pellets were coated with pectin solution by interfacial complexation method. The effect of cross-linkers calcium chloride and aluminium chloride concentration, by in situ cross linking on properties of gliclazide pellets like swelling and drug release were studied. The formed pellets were subjected to swelling, analysis of morphology, in dissolution and vivo studies. Most of the pellets were of acceptable shape. From the results calcium chloride when coated with pectin, retarded drug release. As the concentration of calcium chloride increased, it led to slow release of the drug. This may be due to the water solubility of calcium salt, which induced cross linking with pectin. Thus pellets with calcium chloride cross linked with pectin were beneficial, because it retarded the release of the drug. Though the release from interfacial coated pellets was retarded, it was less as compared to the in situ formed pellets. The in vivo studies on alloxan-induced diabetic rats indicated the significant hypoglycemic effect that was observed 24 h after oral administration of optimized pellets. Thus, the developed and optimized pellets were suitable for prolonged systemic absorption of gliclazide to maintain lower blood glucose level and improved patient compliance. The results suggested that the in situ cross linking pellets were able to retard the release of gliclazide greater than the interfacial complexation method. Therefore, this approach has been effectively achieved.

关键词： Extrusion-spheronization Gliclazide pellets pectin Anti-diabetic activity

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Effect of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Quenching and prevention of Biofilm Formation

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Nano-Micro Letters 2012年第1期4卷 34-39页

作者： pratik R.chaudhari Shalaka A.Masurkar Vrishali B.Shidore Suresh p.Kamble Center for Biotechnology Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences

The development of green experimental processes for the synthesis of nanoparticles is a need in the field of nanotechnology. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was achieved using Bacillus cereus supernatant and1 m M silver nitrate. 100 m M glucose was found to quicken the rate of reaction of silver nanoparticles ***-visible spectrophotometric analysis was carried out to assess the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were further characterized by using Nanoparticle Tracking Analyzer(NTA),Transmission Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectra. These silver nanoparticles showed enhanced quorum quenching activity against Staphylococcus aureus biofilm and prevention of biofilm formation which can be seen under inverted microscope(40 X). The synergistic effect of silver nanoparticles along with antibiotics in biofilm quenching was found to be effective. In the near future, silver nanoparticles could be used in the treatment of infections caused by highly antibiotic resistant biofilm.

关键词： Silver Nanoparticles Green Synthesis Bacillus cereus Biofilm Quorum Quenching

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Rapid Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Cymbopogan Citratus (Lemongrass) and its Antimicrobial Activity

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Nano-Micro Letters 2011年第3期3卷 189-194页

作者： Shalaka A.Masurkar pratik R.chaudhari Vrishali B.Shidore Suresh p.Kamble pravara Institute of Medical Sciences

The present study deals with the rapid green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using fresh leaves of Cymbopogan Citratus(Lemongrass). Silver nanoparticles were formed within 8～10 minutes by microwave irradiation using aqueous solution of Ag NO3(1 m M) with fresh leaves extract of Cymbopogan Citratus. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-visible spectrophotometer analysis, nanoparticle tracking analyzer, transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectra. The antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles was studied against multiple drug resistant hospital isolates of ***, ***,*** and hospital isolates of S. typhi, ***. Also, the antifungal activity of these nanoparticles was studied against ***(hospital isolate) and ***(NCIM 616). The synergistic effect of silver nanoparticles along with antibiotics was also studied against multiple drug resistant hospital isolates and found to be effective. The extracellular synthesis of Silver nanoparticles using leaves of Cymbopogan Citratus appears to be rapid and eco-friendly.

关键词： Green synthesis Cymbopogan Citratus Nanoparticle tracking analyzer Transmission electron microscope Energy dispersive X-ray spectra

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