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Groundwater Geochemistry and Saltwater Intrusion in the Dakar Coastal Area, Senegal

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第12期10卷 45-64页

作者： ousmane coly diouf Lutz Weihermüller Mathias Diedhiou Edgar Y. Terence Benam Beltoungou Ndeye Maguette Dieng Seynabou Cissé Faye Harry Vereecken Serigne Faye Geology Department Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Agrosphere Institute IBG-3 Jülich Germany

Groundwater levels and water samples were collected from 20 drinking water pumping and piezometer wells in the urban area of Dakar coastal region in the year 2019. The pH-value, electrical conductivity, as well as calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate, and nitrate concentrations were measured to assess the hydrochemical quality of the infrabasaltic aquifer in the area. The present work carried out a hydrochemical analysis to interpret the groundwater chemistry of the aquifer. The results of this chemical analysis indicate that Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ was the most dominant cation sequence in the groundwater, while Cl- > HCO3- > SO42- > NO3- was the most dominant one for anions. The chemical analysis of our samples showed, that the Cl-Ca-Mg facies was dominant in the aquifer, while Cl-Na-K and HCO3-Na-K facies represent 20% and 10% of the groundwater sampled, respectively. A comparison of the measured groundwater quality in relation to WHO drinking water quality standards revealed that 80% of the water samples are suitable for drinking purposes. Ca enrichment, Simpson ratio, ratio of sodium chloride, and calculating Base Exchange (BEX) indices for the samples revealed that the groundwater is mainly affected by three factors: seawater intrusion due to aquifer overexploitation on one hand, and freshening processes and nitrate pollution, on the other, mainly caused by the groundwater flow from the unconfined aquifer.

关键词： Coastal Groundwater Major Ions Hydrochemical Facies Anthropogenic Activities Nitrate Pollution

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Management of High Complicated Genital Infections at the Aristide De Le Dantec Hospital: Apropos of Six Cases

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第11期13卷 1816-1830页

作者： Aliou Cisse Mef Dieme Omar Gassama Youssoupha Toure An coly Alassane diouf Dantec Hospital and University Center Dakar Senegal

Objective: To study the epidemiology, the diagnostic elements and the prognosis after laparotomy surgery, of complicated upper genital infections. Patients and method: This is a retrospective study of six cases of complicated upper genital infections collected over a period of 20 months in the Obstetrics and Gynecology department of the Aristide Hospital Center of LEDANTEC. Results: The average age of the patients was 37.67, in two patients;a hysterosalpingography had been performed less than seven days before the start of the symptoms, a notion of multiple sexual partners was noted in two patients. All patients presented with acute abdominal-pelvic pain associated with vomiting in three patients. An infectious syndrome was found in two patients, adnexal pain caused in four patients and signs of peritoneal irritation (guarding and umbilical tenderness) in three patients. Para-clinically, a biological inflammatory syndrome was found in all patients, including an elevation of C-reactive protein in all patients and hyperleukocytosis in four patients and an elevation of CA 125 in two patients. The cytobacteriological examination of the pus taken intraoperatively was positive in two patients, the isolated germs were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae. Pelvic ultrasound was performed in all patients and revealed a cystic adnexal mass in five cases, a pyosalpinx and peritoneal effusion in two cases. Abdominal & pelvic computed tomography was performed in four patients and revealed a lateral-uterine adnexal mass in two cases, pyosalpinx in two cases, uretero-hydronephrosis and peritoneal effusion in one case. An exploratory laparotomy was performed in each patient and confirmed the diagnosis of tuboovarian abscess, the presence of pelvic adhesion and purulent effusion in four patients, the presence of false membranes in two patients, pyometra and isolated bilateral pyosaplinx were found in one patient. Radical surgical treatment was associated with double proba

关键词： Tubo-Ovarian Abscess Pyometra Pyosalpinx

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Assessment of Five Years of Endoscopic Activity in a Maternity Hospital in the Suburbs of Dakar

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018年第4期8卷 293-299页

作者： Abdoul Aziz diouf Moussa Diallo Fatoumata Doucouré Astou coly Niassy Diallo Magatte Mbaye Aminata Niass Codou Sene Seck Anna Dia Diop Alassane diouf University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Introduction: The practice of minimally invasive surgery in Senegal occupies more and more of a preponderant place in fields that previously did not allow it. Thus in our practice in gynecology we are witnessing an explosion of these operative indications especially for benign adnexal pathology. Patients and Method: The objective of this study was to evaluate the evolution of laparoscopic practice in terms of frequency, indication of duration and operative complications. For this reason, we have collected all the laparoscopic procedures carried out at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of the Pikine National Hospital since January 1st, 2012 over a period of 60 months. Endoscopic surgery accounted for 20.1% of all gynecological and breast procedures. There were 195 cases (14.9%) of laparoscopic surgery and 69 cases (5.2%) of operative hysteroscopy. The average age of our patients was 34 years with extremes of 15 and 67 years. The intervention was motivated by the exploration or management of infertility in 101 cases, or 57.1% of patients. Laparoscopy remained exploratory in 15.3% of cases (279 patients) with 55 cases of ovarian tumors presumed to be benign. The mean duration of diagnostic laparoscopy was 39 min with extremes of 20 to 150 min;while that of operative laparoscopy was 59 min with extremes of 20 to 250 min. It was noted that 4 cases of laparoconversion are 2.8% of all patients in our series. The postoperative course was 99.4% simple. Conclusion: In our practice and as in the developed countries, we are witnessing a considerable decline in the indications of laparotomy to the profile of laparoscopy, especially for benign adnexal pathology and infertility. An extension to the gynecological malignant pathology is the ultimate challenge.

关键词： Endoscopy Gynecology Pikine

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Imperforate Hymen about a Case

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019年第4期9卷 474-478页

作者： Babacar Biaye David Ngom, Aissatou Mbodji Astou coly Niassy Diallo Aminata Niass Abdoul Aziz diouf, Omar Gassama Mamadou Lamine Cissé Alassane diouf Jean Charles Moreau Gynecological and Obstetric Clinic Aristide Le Dantec Hospital of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Imperforate hymen?is a congenital obstructive abnormality of the female genital tract and its incidence is estimated at 1/2000 female births. The diagnosis may go unnoticed during the examination of the new born in the birth room. Most often, this malformation is discovered at puberty.?Treatment of?Imperforate hymen?is hymenotomy or hymenectomy. Different types of incisions are mentioned in the literature. We have reported the case of a 14-year-old?girl with hematocolpos and hematometra on hymenal impforforate. In cultures and religions where the loss of the hymen is a social problem among unmarried girls, a medical certificate must be given to the patient.

关键词： Imperforate Hymen Hematocolpos Hymenotomy

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Complications Related to the Insertion Technique of Jadelle^® Contraceptive Implants

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第2期13卷 166-174页

作者： Astou coly Niassy Moussa Diallo Tatiana Sandjon Ibrahim Rahadat Marie-Édouard Faye Ndeye Fatou Coulibaly Alassane diouf Jean-Charles Moreau Gynecology-Obstetrics Hospital Aristide Le Dantec Dakar Senegal Gynecology-Obstetrics National Hospital Center of Pikine Dakar Senegal Orthopedics-Traumatology Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Contraceptive implants are one of the most effective methods of birth spacing. Jadelle® implants consist of two strands that are easy to insert and remove. Although their effectiveness is no longer in question, their use (insertion) requires a surgical procedure with the corollary possibility of complications. These are mainly insertions that are too deep (in the arm muscle), vascular and nerve damage. Material and Methods: Our study focused on complications related to implant insertion. It was a descriptive and retrospective study over thirty-four months, from October 2016 to July 2019, and concerned all patients seen in consultation and who presented a complication related to the insertion of contraceptive implants in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the National Hospital of Pikine. Results: We collected nine complications managed at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of the Centre Hospitalier National de Pikine from 2016 to 2019. These were insertions that were too deep with sometimes nerve damage, infection or incident during anesthesia. The operative procedures were based on the type of complication. Conclusion: Although Jadelle® has the advantage of having only 2 rods compared to its predecessor Norplant®, its use is also conditioned by insertion and removal procedures which may experience complications.

关键词： Contraception Implants Incidents Insertion Removal

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Audit of Obstetric Medical Evacuations at Youssou Mbargane DIOP Hospital in Rufisque, Dakar-Senegal

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019年第8期9卷 1092-1102页

作者： Moussa Diallo Omar Gassama Mame Diarra Ndiaye Mamour Gueye Astou coly Niassy Diallo Aissatou Mbodji Abdoul Aziz diouf Magatte Mbaye Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology National Hospital of Pikine sis Camp Thiaroye Dakar Senegal

Objectives: To assess the quality of the obstetric evacuation system at the Youssou Mbargane Diop Hospital in Dakar. Methods: Our study was conducted at the Hospital of Youssou Mbargane DIOP in Rufisque, a district about 26 km from downtown Dakar. This was a qualitative and evaluative descriptive study in the form of operational research aimed at improving the quality of obstetrical evacuations and resolving problems through a dynamic and team approach. It was carried out within the framework of the AQUASOU project (Improvement of Quality and Access to Emergency Obstetric Care in French). A liaison sheet was completed at the arrival of each evacuated patient, prospectively during the period from December 24 2006 to July 10 2008. The epidemiological characteristics were, origin of the evacuated, the evacuation conditions, evacuation patterns and therapeutic data. The data were collected through an Excel database developed for this purpose. The analysis was done using the Epi-Info version 6.0 software. Results: The frequency of evacuations was 23.2%. The average age of our patients was 25.3 years with extremes of 14 years and 48 years. More than half of the evacuees (59%) came from the Sanitary District of Rufisque. The majority of evacuations were made in a taxi (76.5%). An ambulance was used in 190 cases (20.6%). Seated transport was performed in 78% of cases. The transfer was medicalized in almost one-third of cases (29.3%). A liaison sheet was established during the transfer of patients in 77% of the cases. Evacuations were related to hemorrhage in 23.3%, dystocia in 22.2%, and fetal-adnexal anomaly in 17.3% of cases. No treatment was instituted before evacuation in 56% of evacuees. 48.5% of the evacuees had received treatment beyond. Conclusion: The poor quality of obstetric evacuations seems to be a brake on the decline in maternal and neonatal mortality in Senegal. Training and retraining of health personnel would improve maternal-fetal and neonatal morbidity a

关键词： Obstetrical Evacuation Morbidity Mortality AQUASOU

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Epidemiological, Clinical Aspects and Treatment of Victims of Sexual Abuse in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of Pikine National Hospital in 183 Cases

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第4期10卷 558-570页

作者： Moussa Diallo Babacar Biaye Abdoul Aziz diouf Aminata Niass Cyr Espérence Gombet Codou Sène Anna Dia Astou coly Niassy Diallo Fatoumata Bineta Diallo Hadja Maimouna Barro Daff Khalifa Fall Khalifa Gueye Alassane diouf Gynecological and Obstetric Clinic of Aristide Hospital Le Dantec of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Sexual abuse or sexual assault is part of violence against women, as is physical violence, female genital mutilation and forced marriage. According to the Criminal Code, this is any sexual offense committed with violence, coercion, threat or surprise on the person of others. It is a criminal act punishable by the laws in force in almost every country in the world. Study Objectives: 1) draw up an epidemiological profile of female victims of sexual abuse;2) develop the treatment protocol. Methodology: This is a 7-year descriptive retrospective study from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2016 at the Center Hospitalier National de Pikine (Dakar). Included in this study were all of the patients admitted during our investigation period who were the victims of suspected or certain sexual abuse, with or without requisition. For each case, the following parameters were studied: the epidemiological characteristics (age, gestation, parity and place of residence), the circumstances of the attack (time and place), the characteristics of the aggressor (age, link with the victim, number of aggressor), the type of sexual contact, the possible lesions found during the physical examination (genital and extra-genital), the mode of admission, the delay of the consultation, the attitude after the sexual abuse, the gynecological and obstetrical status of the victim, the repercussions and psychological follow-up, the paraclinical assessment, the treatments administered. Data were collected using a survey form and analyzed with SPSS software. Results: During the study period, 183 victims of sexual abuse were received and treated at the level of our structure out of a total of 39,760 patients, representing a frequency of 0.46%. The age of the victims varied between 2 and 36 years with an average of 13 years. The 11 to 15 age group was the most represented. Students were the most represented among victims of sexual abuse (87.4%). Workers represented 9.3% of the victims. Infants

关键词： Sexual Abuse Trauma Care

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Improving Postpartum Haemorrhage Management Using Simulation in Senegal: Midterm Results

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017年第13期7卷 1292-1299页

作者： Mamour Gueye Moussa Diallo Mame Diarra Ndiaye Gueye Omar Gasama Abdoul Aziz diouf Mouhamadou Mansour Niang Mohamed Diadhiou Astou coly Niassy Serigne Modou Kane Gueye Marie Edouard Faye Dieme Magatte Mbaye Philippe Marc Moreira Alassane diouf Jean Charles Moreau Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic Aristide Le Dantec Teaching Hospital Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Objective: To assess a training approach in Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care (EmONC) to strengthen skills of healthcare providers and reduce maternal mortality. Materials and methods: The approach was based on the skills training using the so-called “humanist” method and “life saving skills”. Simulated practice took place in the classroom through thirteen clinical stations summarizing the clinical skills on EmONC. The evaluation was done in all phases and the results were recorded in a database to document the progress of each learner. Results: We trained 432 providers in 10 months. The increase in technical achievements of each participant was documented through a database. The combination of training based on the model “learning by doing” has ensured learning and mastering all EmONC skills particularly postpartum haemorrhage management and reduced missed learning opportunities. Conclusion: The impact of training on postpartum haemorrhage management and maternal mortality is a major challenge in terms of prospects.

关键词： Emergency Obstetric Care Postpartum Haemorrhage Training Simulation

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Integrated Water Resources Management in the Sandougou Catchment Area(Senegal):Going beyond Soil Defence and Restoration(SDR)

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2020年第4期10卷 181-190页

作者： Edouard diouf Adrien coly Department of Sustainable Development Alioune Diop University of BambeySenegal Department of Geography Gaston Berger University of Saint-LouisSenegal

The Sandougou River is the last major right bank tributary of the Gambia *** has a catchment area of 11,668 km² and is located in Senegalese *** flow in this sloping basin(1‰)is favoured by the conservation of soils and *** 1970,global rainfall trends(below the average of 800 mm)have shown a drought affecting the whole basin with an average deficit of 100 mm per *** addition,erosion phenomenon combined with high rainfall intensities explains the rapid *** constitutes a considerable loss of water resources,up to 20%in the Sandougou *** this rural area where primary activities predominate,anthropogenic pressure is ***,overexploitation of firewood,resulting from the strong dependence of local populations on this resource,is at the origin of deforestation in the Sandougou *** a situation contributes to environmental degradation and also has repercussions on soil *** affects the water retention capacity of the soil making it more susceptible to extreme conditions such as *** impact of soil erosion on more remote sites is not always as apparent as the impact of erosion on the site *** reaching watercourses can accelerate slope erosion,silt up drainage ditches and streams,silt up reservoirs,cover spawning areas and reduce water *** frequently transported with soil particles can contaminate or pollute water *** cope with this dynamic,soil defence and restoration(SDR)techniques have long been considered as the solution to the ***,the multifaceted nature of environmental problems and their persistence leads to the consideration of a more holistic *** the Sandougou catchment area,the application of article R50 of the Senegalese Forestry Code,the implementation of planning tools(AP-IWRM),institutional development in the framework of integrated water resources management(IWRM)prove the interest of such an approach for the protection of

关键词： Water resources integrated water resources management erosion Sandougou Senegal.

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Profile of Bone Mass and Its Determining Factors in Type 2 Diabetes: Case-Control Study

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2021年第4期11卷 143-158页

作者： Maïmouna Touré Cheikh A. B. Mané Mbaye Sène Abdou K. Sow Ibrahima diouf Mame S. coly Awa Ba-Diop Mor Diaw Salimata D. Houndjo Arame Mbengue Fatou Bintou Sar Modou O. Kane Mamadou Sarr Abdoulaye Ba Lamine Gueye Abdoulaye Samb Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Explorations Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Physiology Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Physiology Laboratory Faculty of Health Sciences Thies Senegal Faculty of Health and Sustainable Development University Alioune Diop Bambey Senegal IRL 3189 “EHS: Environment Health Societies” CNRS CNRST Bamoko Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, beyond its well-known cardiovascular and neurological complications, is now increasingly recognized as having deleterious effects on bone tissue. It’s thus presented as an independent risk factor for bone fragility with a considerable fracture risk relating to many more or less intricate parameters. The general objective of our study is to assess bone mass during type 2 diabetes in Senegalese women. Methodology: We had carried out a cross-sectional and descriptive study. Socio-demographic characteristics were collected on the basis of a questionnaire. Then each of the subjects had undergone a complete clinical examination followed by a blood sample for a biological assessment of certain cardiovascular risk factors. Bone mass was measured using a bio-impedancemeter. Results: We recruited 88 women with type 2 diabetes and 83 healthy control women. The mean age of diabetic subjects was 52.7 years ± 6.8 (with extremes of 39 and 74 years). In control, the mean age was 51.0 ± 8.5 years (with extremes of 35 and 72 years). Among the diabetic subjects, 22 subjects or 25% practiced a regular walk against 27 (32.5%) in the control. Forty-three among the diabetic subjects (48.8%) were known hypertensive and followed. According to the body mass index, 71 patients (80.7%) were overweight compared to 59 (71.1%) controls. According to the waist size, 80 (90.9%) diabetic subjects had an elevated waist size compared to 69 control women (83.1%). Among diabetic subjects, 41 patients (46.5%) were hyperglycemic imbalance according to fasting blood glucose and 59 patients (67%) according to glycated hemoglobin level. Thirty-seven diabetics (42%), had both high fasting blood glucose and elevated glycated hemoglobin. The mean duration of diabetes was 8.68 ± 7.18 years. We found significantly higher bone mass in type 2 diabetic subjects (p = 0.03). Among diabetics, 27.3% had low bone mass compared to 36.

关键词： Bone Mass Bone Mineral Density Type 2 Diabetes Senegalese Women

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