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Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) and HTLV-1 &2 among Female Sex Workers in ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2022年第2期12卷 56-69页

作者： Henri Gautier ouédraogo Dinanibè Kambiré Tani Sagna Tegwinde Rebeca Compaore oumarou ouédraogo Abdou Azaque Zouré Serge Théophile Soubeiga Sylvie Zida Danielle Belemsaga/Yugbaré Samadoulougou Benoît Cesaire Odette Ky-Zerbo Yves Traoré Nicolas Barro Seni Kouanda Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Sécrétariat Permanent du Conseil National de Lutte contre le Sida et les Infections Sexuellement Transmissibles (SP/CNLS-IST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (UFR-SDS) Université Joseph Ki Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Background: Herpes Simplex Virus type-2 (HSV-2) infection is one of the most common worldwide sexually transmitted and female sex workers are most at risk for these infections. Beside HSV-2, Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) is one of these infections with a high risk of sexual transmission. HTLV-1 causes T-cell leukaemia and myelopathy. Little is known about the HSV-2, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections among female sex workers in West Africa in general, and particularly in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study aimed to estimate HSV-2 and HTLV-1/2 seroprevalence among female sex workers, in ouagadougou in order to inform HIV prevention programs. Methods: Archived sera samples of a biological and behavioral cross-sectional study among female sex workers (FSWs) in ouagadougou were tested for HSV-2 and HTLV-1/2. Sera samples collected from February to May 2013 were previously tested for HIV and syphilis and stored with participants’ additional consent for further infection testing. Antibodies against HSV-2 and HTLV-1/2 detection tests were performed using Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) methods. Results: HSV-2 seroprevalence was approximately 75.7% (95% CI: 70.8-79.9) among FSWs. It ranged from 69.3% among FSWs under 24 years of age, to 88.5% among those who were at least 30 years old. Furthermore, HSV-2 seroprevalence was high among FSW with no formal education (87.7%) and decreased significantly among those with at least primary education (76.0%) and others with secondary education and above (64.9%). Regarding HTLV-1/2, 11.2% (95% CI: 8.3 - 15.1) of FSWs were positive. By age group, 11.8% were positive among FSWs under 25 years of age;15.2% among those 25 to 29 years of age, and 5.8% among those over 30 years of age. Conclusion: HSV-2 and HTLV-1&2 infections are common among FSWs, which confirms the need for effective and preventive interventions such as sex education and early screening.

关键词： HSV-2 HTLV-1/2 Seroprevalence Female Sex Workers FSWs

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Bacteriological Profile of Effusion Fluids Infections at Charles De Gaulle University Pediatric Hospital from 2017 to 2020

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024年第2期14卷 146-163页

作者： Kambiré Dinanibè ouédraogo oumarou Tiendrebéogo Salam Tondé Issa Tamboura Mamadou Zida Sylvie Kpoda Dissinviel Sagna Tani Compaoré T. Rebeca Zouré Abdou-Azaque Soubeiga R. Serge Théophile Sawadogo Stanislas Ilboudo Maïmouna Rouamba Hortense ouédraogo Wenkouni Henri Gautier ouédraogo-Traoré Rasmata Sanou Mahamoudou Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pdiatrique Charles De Gaulle Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire de Ziniar Ziniar Burkina Faso Universit Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Universit ouaga 3S Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre Mdical Urbain de Samandin Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Microbiology of effusion fluids in children in Burkina Faso is characterized by the scarcity of data. This work aimed to study the bacteriological and antibiotics susceptibility profile of bacteria involved in effusion fluid infections in paediatrics in order to improve the choice of probabilistic antibiotics therapy. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was used in children aged 0 to 15 years from 2017 to 2020 at the Charles De Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital Center (CHUP-CDG) in ouagadougou. Classical bacteriology methods such as macroscopy, Gram staining, identification galleries and antibiotics susceptibility testing were used. Results: Of 231 samples, 64 bacteria were isolated. The most common bacterial strains of pleural fluid were Staphylococcus aureus (25%) and 40% for Enterobacteriaceae. Of the peritoneal fluid, 77% were Enterobacteriaceae with 57% Escherichia coli;and from joint fluid, 33% were S. aureus and 22% for P. aeruginosa. The overall susceptibility profile showed 29% extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL), 10% methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and 8% carbapenemases. Conclusion: Bacteriological profile is characterized by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and MRSA. The most active antibiotics were macrolides, aminoglycosides, and cefoxitin (methicillin) for Gram-positive cocci, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides for Gram-negative bacilli. Then, the monitoring of antibiotics resistance must be permanent.

关键词： Bacteriological Profile Effusion Fluid Infections

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Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities, Safety of Use and Spasmolytic Effects of Aqueous Decoction Extract of Diospyros mespiliformis Leaves Hochst. ex A. DC. (Ebenaceae) on the Isolated Duodenum of Rat

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2023年第12期14卷 513-529页

作者： Mathieu Nitiéma Pegdwendé Esther ouédraogo Tata Kadiatou Traoré oumarou Maman Noura Boukaré Kaboré Wendkouni Leila Marie Esther Bélem-Kabré Windingoudi Rimwagna Christian ouédraogo Moumouni Koala Bruno Nébié Abdel Magid Arsène ouoba Makumbu Joseph Makaya Sylvain Ilboudo Lazare Belemnaba Noufou ouédraogo Sylvin ouédraogo Laboratoire de Recherche-Développement des Phytomédicaments et Médicaments (LR-D/PM) Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSS/CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Initiative Pour la Résilience et la Gouvernance (IRG) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso International Research Laboratory 3189 Environnement Santé Sociétés (IRL 3189 ESS) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso UFR/Science et Technologie Université Aube Nouvelle Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire du Développement du Médicament (LADME) école Doctorale Sciences et Santé Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Techniques Laboratoire de Biochimie et Chimie Appliquées (LABIOCA) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC. (Ebenaceae) is a multi-use plant, including for therapeutic purposes. It is used in alternative medicine in Burkina Faso to treat conjunctivitis, menorrhagia, dysentery, and diarrhea. The aim of our study was to evaluate the chemical profile, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, safety of use and spasmolytic effects of the aqueous decoction of Diospyros mespiliformis leaves. Phytochemical screening by HPTLC and assay of compounds of interest were carried out. Four methods were used to assess antioxidant activity. Inhibitory activity against 15-lipoxygenase and phospholipase A2 was assessed. Acute oral toxicity of the extract was tested on female mice (NMRI). Following these tests, the extract contained bioactive compounds of interest such as flavonoids, tannins, sterols, triterpenes, and saponosides. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the aqueous decoctate were 70.59 ± 3.20 mg EAT/g and 31.57 ± 0.78 mg EQ/g respectively. The extract was less active than Trolox with inhibitory concentrations of 50% (IC50) for the ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and LPO tests of 7.53 ± 0.08 μg/mL, 29.47 ± 0.06 μg/mL, 1128.83 ± 4.82 mol EAA/g, and 32.30 ± 1.60 μg/mL respectively. The extract has an anti-inflammatory effect with inhibition of phospholipase A2 compared to betamethasone. In addition, the aqueous extract produced an antispasmodic effect with Emax of 70% and 80% respectively during contractions induced by BaCl2 and ACh. Finally, this study provided basic scientific data and could justify the use of D. mespiliformis leaves in the treatment of diarrhea.

关键词： Diospyros mespiliformis Phytoconstituents Antioxidants Acute Oral Toxicity Spasmolytic Leaves

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ST of Streptococcus pneumonia Circulating in Burkina Faso before the Introduction of PCV-13, 2013

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Advances in Microbiology 2023年第5期13卷 237-248页

作者： Kambiré Dinanibè Tamboura Mamadou ouédraogo oumarou Tondé Issa ouédraogo W. H. Gautier Sanou Mahamoudou Zouré Abdou Azaque Compaoré Rebeca Sagna Tani Soubeiga R. S. Théophile Zida Sylvie Aké Flavien Abdoul-Salam ouédraogo Sangaré Lassana Méda Isaïe Kouanda Séni ouédraogo-Traoré Rasmata Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles De Gaulle Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Davycas International Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado ouédraogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sanon Sourô Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Direction Générale de la Santé Publique Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Burkina Faso experiences regular cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. As part of the strategy to reduce cases of meningitis, the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) has been introduced in the Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI). Despite these efforts, there are some cases of pneumococcal meningitis including both vaccine and non-vaccine serotypes. The objective of this study was to describe the pneumococcal sequence types (ST) circulating in Burkina Faso before the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13). Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study that took place from 27th October 2013 to 7th January 2014. S. pneumoniae strains were collected in Burkina Faso and Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) was performed at the Pneumococcal Laboratory at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the USA (United States of America). MLST consists of 4 steps: amplification, purification, sequencing and interpretative reading of the results. The amplification used 7 primers consisting of sequences of aroe, gdh, gki, recP, spi, xpt, ddl genes. Results: Of 37 strains tested, 10 serotypes were identified. Serotype 1 was prevalent in 48.7% (18/37) followed by serotype 25F in 10.8% (4/37). Serotypes 5 and 12F/12A/12B/44/46 were 8.1% (3/37) each. Serotype 1 contained 5 STs including ST303 24.3% (9/37), ST217 8.1% (3/37) and ST618 8.1% (3/37);followed by serotype 25F with ST105 10.8% (4/37), serotype 5 with ST289 8.1% (3/37) and serogroup 12F/12A/12B/44/46 with ST 989 8.1% (3/37). Conclusion: Pneumococci are characterised by their great variability both in number of serotypes and in ST within the same serotype. Thus, 10 serotypes have been identified. Also, within serotype 1, 5 different STs have been described. These data indicate the complexity of the pneumococcus which is strongly involved in purulent bacterial meningitis at national level. This requires continuous surveillance of pneumococc

关键词： Streptococcus pneumoniae Burkina Faso PCV-13 Sequence Types

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Meningitis outbreak Caused by Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C ST 10217 in 2019 in Diapaga, Burkina Faso

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第1期13卷 66-76页

作者： Kambiré Dinanibè Tondé Issa ouédraogo W. H. Gautier Sanou Mahamoudou ouédraogo L. S. L. Wilfrid Savadogo Mahamoudou Tamboura Mamadou Zongo Moumouni ouédraogo oumarou Zouré Abdou Azaque Compaoré Rebeca Sagna Tani Zida Sylvie Soubeiga R. S. Théophile Aké Flavien Sangaré Lassana Méda Isaïe Kouanda Séni ouédraogo-Traoré Rasmata Centre Hospitalier Pédiatrique Universitaire Charles De Gaulle Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Direction de la protection de la Santé de la Population Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Davycas International Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Direction Générale de la Santé Publique Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis constitutes a burden for the countries in the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan in general and particularly for Burkina Faso. In 2019 the Diapaga health district experienced a meningitis epidemic due to N. meningitidis serogroup C. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a descriptive aim in the health district of Diapaga where all cases of meningitis were included in this work. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), culture as well as real-time PCR were used for the biological analysis of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) samples. Results: Of 155 CSF samples analysed, 42% (65/155) were tested positve. Of them, N. meningitidis C accounted for 83% of all positive cases. Likewise, all thirteen (13) NmC strains were susceptible to oxacillin, ceftriaxone, penicillin and chloramphenicol. All strains of NmC belonged to the sequence type (ST) 10 217 and to the clonal complex (CC) 10 217. These CCs belonged to the same variant PorA type: P1.21-15.16;FetA type: F1-7;PorB type: 3-463. Conclusion: Burkina Faso had known an epidemic of meningitis caused by NmC in 2019 in the health district of Diapaga. This outbreak was contained in time due to the performance of the epidemiological surveillance system which made it possible to investigate on time and introduce the vaccine against the pathogen NmC.

关键词： Meningitis Neisseria meningitidis VS Diapaga Burkina Faso

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Phytochemical Analysis and Contractile Effects of Aqueous and Hydroethanolic Extracts of Anastatica hierochuntica L. (Brassicaceae) on the Isolated Uterus of Mice

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2023年第8期14卷 252-270页

作者： Belem-Kabré Wendkouni Leila Marie Esther Nitiéma Mathieu Odjo Blondine Saïdath Maman Noura oumarou Yaro Boubacar Kaboré Boukaré Somda Gaëtan Donzéo Traoré Tata Kadiatou Koala Moumouni Ilboudo Sylvain ouédraogo Moussa Kabré Elie ouédraogo Noufou Laboratoire de Recherche-Développement de Phytomédicaments et Médicaments (LR-D/PM) Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire du Développement du Médicament (LADME)/Centre de Formation de Recherche et d’Expertises en Sciences du Médicament (CEA-CFOREM) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Physique Appliquée (LCOPA) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Agence Nationale pour la Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Environnement de l’Alimentation du Travail et des Produits de Santé (ANSSEAT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Background: Anastatica hierochuntica L. (Brassicaceae) has been claimed to treat various conditions, including complicated childbirth. The principal objective of this research was to provide scientific evidence on the contractile effect of the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of the whole plant from A. hierochuntica during labor. Method: Qualitative and quantitative methods helped identify and quantify the phytoconstituents in both extracts. The antioxidant activity was studied using four standard methods (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and LPO). Results: The inhibitory power of the extracts on pro-inflammatory enzymes such as 15-lipoxygenase and phospholipase A2 was determined. The contractile effects of the extracts were evaluated using isolated pregnant mice uteri. Steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, and reduced compounds were identified in both extracts. The hydroethanolic extract exhibited higher content of hydrolyzable tannins (15.07 ± 0.24 mg tannic acid equivalent/g) than the aqueous decoction (11.8 ± 0.69 mg TAE/g). The extracts demonstrated the ability to scavenge DPPH and ABTS radicals, reduce ferric ions, and inhibit especially lipid peroxidation. No significant difference was noted in the phospholipase inhibition between the extracts and betamethasone. The hydroethanolic extract displayed the most significant anti-lipoxygenase activity with an IC50 value of 55.82 ± 1.15 μg/mL. The lethal dose (LD50) of extracts was estimated to be superior to 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw). The ability of the samples to produce one cm amplitude of contraction at 50% effective concentrations (EC50) was 5.33 × 10−8 ± 0.32 mg/mL for oxytocin, 1.51 ± 0.08 mg/mL for aqueous extract and 3.57 ± 0.61 mg/mL for hydroethanolic extract. Conclusion: These findings could provide evidence for using Anastatica hierochuntica to facilitate childbirth.

关键词： Anastatica hierochuntica Phytoconstituents Antioxidant Anti-Inflammatory Uterine Contractility

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Evaluation of the Fetal Neuroprotection Protocol with Magnesium Sulphate in a University Hospital in Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022年第10期12卷 1042-1055页

作者： Timongo Francoise Danielle Millogo-Traoré oumarou Sawadogo S. W. Zongo-Kondé Training and Research Unit in Health Sciences Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Universitaire Hospitalier Yalgado ouédraogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Regional Hospital Center Koudougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Prematurity continues to stand as a major public health issue worldwide and more particularly for low incomes countries like Burkina Faso. Indeed, it is the main cause of high death rate and infant morbidity, neurologic deficiencies being one of them. Objective: From March 1st to September 30th, 2020, evaluate the fetal neuroprotection protocol using sulfate magnesium during births before thirty-three (33) weeks of amenorrhea at the University Health Centers (UHC) of Yalgado ouedraogo and Bogodogo in ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Patients and Methods: It was a prospective cohort survey, exposed or unexposed. The exposed ones are from the UHC of Yalgado ouedraogo, while the unexposed ones are from the UHC of Bogodogo. Analysis of the results showed 87 newborns from the exposed and 180 from the unexposed. The mortality rate, as well as neonatal neurologic complications, was higher with unexposed than with exposed. Although antenatal exposure to magnesium sulfate was not statistically associated with mortality and morbidity in newborns at a threshold of 0.05%, it has shown an overall good neurological prognosis in newborns exposed. Conclusion: A survey of a large sample of the population would be relevant in order to better assess the determinants of this influence. Proposition: In light of the results, the use of magnesium sulfate for neuroprotective purposes could be considered in our countries.

关键词： Premature Delivery Fetal Neuroprotection Sulfates Magnesium UHC of Yal-gado ouedraogo UHC of Bogodogo Burkina Faso

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